Araştırma Makalesi
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Addressing Remote Work Challenges in Türkiye: A New Paradigm for Workplace Safety

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 183 - 207, 15.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.1699858

Öz

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed critical gaps
in Türkiye’s Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
framework, particularly for remote work. This study
identifies the urgent need to redefine core concepts
like the “workplace” and “work accident,” focusing
on protecting remote workers while addressing
broader OSH considerations. Through a comparative
analysis of Germany, France, and the UK, the
research highlights priority areas such as ergonomic
risks, mental health challenges, and home-based
commuting accidents, alongside the integration of
remote work into legal definitions. Recommendations
include secondary regulations clarifying employer
and employee responsibilities, tailored to Türkiye’s
socio-economic context. By bridging European
practices with local needs, the study emphasizes legal
clarity, equitable resource access, and mental health
inclusion in OSH policies, contributing to global
OSH advancements and adaptive worker well-being
strategies in remote work settings.

Kaynakça

  • Agence Nationale pour l’Amélioration des Conditions de Travail (ANACT). (2021). Télétravail : Quels Enjeux Pour La Santé Au Travail? (Teleworking: What Are the Challenges for Workplace Health?). [https:// www.anact.fr/teletravail-quels-enjeux-pour-la-sante-au-travail].(Accessed on November 27, 2024).
  • Agence Nationale pour l’Amélioration des Conditions de Travail (ANACT). (2021). Prévention des risques liés au télétravail (Prevention of Risks Related to Teleworking). [https://www.anact.fr]. (Accessed on December 15, 2024).
  • Allison v. London Underground Ltd. (2008). EWCA Civ 71. Court of Appeal. [https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2008/71.html]. (Accessed on January 2, 2025).
  • Becker, A., Müller, H. and Richter, J. (2020). Ergonomische Herausforderungen bei der Telearbeit: Auswirkungen auf die muskuloskeletale Gesundheit (Ergonomic Challenges in Remote Work: Impacts on Musculoskeletal Health). Journal of Workplace Health. 33(4). 45-60.
  • Becker, S., Schmid, K. and Hillemacher, T. (2020). Ergonomic Evaluation of Workplaces: A study on Ergonomic Conditions and Associated Discomforts in Home Offices in Germany. Ergonomics. 63(7). 905-913.
  • Biron, M., Peretz, H. and Turgeman-Lupo, K. (2020). Trait Optimism and Work from Home Adjustment in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considering the Mediating Role of Situational Optimism and Psychological Capital. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 119. 103437.
  • Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA). (2020). Working from Home during the Corona Pandemic: Effects on Health and Well-being. Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. [https://www.baua.de/EN/Home/Home_node.html]. (accessed on November 25, 2024).
  • Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA). (2020). Empfehlungen für sicheres und gesundes Arbeiten im Homeoffice (Recommendations for Safe and Healthy Remote Work). [https://www. baua.de/DE/Angebote/Publikationen/Praxis/A74.html]. (Accessed on December 5, 2024).
  • Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. (2020). Arbeitsrecht: Arbeitsschutzgesetz (Labor Law: Occupational Safety and Health Act). [https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Gesetze/arbeitsschutzgesetz.html]. (Accessed on November 24, 2024).
  • Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. (2020). Leitfaden für Ergonomische Heimarbeitsplätze (Guidelines for Ergonomic Home Workspaces). https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Publikationen/leitfadenergonomische-heimarbeitsplaetze.html]. (Accessed on December 5, 2024).
  • Bundessozialgericht. (2021). Judgment on Work Accidents in Home Office. [https://www.bsg.bund.de]. (Accessed on November 14, 2024).
  • Bundessozialgericht. (2021). Urteil zu Heimwegen und Arbeitsunfällen (Judgment on Home Commutes and Workplace Accidents). Case No. B 2 U 4/21. [https://www.bsg.bund.de/SharedDocs/Entscheidungen/ DE/2021/2021-12-08-B2-U4-21R.html]. (Accessed on December 5, 2024).
  • Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). (2020). Health and Well-being at Work: Managing Remote Work Stress. [https://www.cipd.co.uk]. (Accessed on January 2, 2025).
  • Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). (2020). Health and Wellbeing at Work: Survey Report. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. [https://www.cipd.co]. (Accessed on November 25, 2024).
  • Code du travail. (2021). Article L1222-9 and Article L411-1 (Labour Code: Articles L1222-9 and L411-1). [https://www.legifrance.gov.fr]. (Accessed on December 15, 2024).
  • Code du travail. (2021). French Labour Code (Article L1222-9). [https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr]. (Accessed on November 25, 2024).
  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı. (2021). Uzaktan Çalışma Rehberi (Guidelines for Remote Work). [https://www.csgb.gov.tr/]. (Accessed on October 10, 2024).
  • Deutsche Telekom. (2020). Deutsche Telekom’s Response to COVID-19: Ensuring Employee Safety and Well-being. [https://www.telekom.com]. (Accessed on October 10, 2024).
  • DGUV. (2020). Mental Health and Remote Work: Recommendations for Employers. German Social Accident Insurance. [https://www.dguv.de]. (Accessed on October 15, 2024).
  • Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969. (1969). [https://www.legislation.gov.uk]. (Accessed on January 2, 2025).
  • European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. (2020). Occupational Safety and Health in the Context of Teleworking.[https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/occupational-safety-and-health-context-teleworking/view]. (Accessed on October 10, 2024).
  • Felstead, A. and Henseke, G. (2017). Assessing the Growth of Remote Working and Its Consequences for Effort, Well-being, and Work-life Balance. New Technology, Work and Employment. 32(3). 195-212.
  • Gajendran, R. S. and Harrison, D. A. (2007). The Good, the Bad and the Unknown about Telecommuting: Meta-Analysis of Psychological Mediators and Individual Consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology. 92(6). 1524-1541.
  • GDV. (2021). Remote Work and Insurance: Adapting to the New Normal. German Insurance Association. [https://www.gdv.de]. (Accessed on October 15, 2024).
  • Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. (1974). [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/contents]. (Accessed on November 25, 2024.)
  • Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. § 2(1). [https://www.legislation.gov.uk]. (Accessed on January 2, 2025).
  • Health and Safety Executive (HSE). (2024). Guidance on Home Working and Health and Safety. [https://www.hse.gov.uk]. (Accessed on January 2, 2025).
  • Health and Safety Executive (HSE). (2024). Home Working-Your Health and Safety. [https://www.hse.gov.uk/home-working/worker/index.htm]. (Accessed on October 10, 2024).
  • International Labour Organization (ILO). (2020). Teleworking During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: A Practical Guide. [https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/non-standard-employment/publications/ WCMS_743447/lang--en/index.htm]. (Accessed on November 26, 2024).
  • İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu. (2012). İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu (Occupational Health and Safety Law). Law No. 6331. Resmî Gazete (Official Gazette). No. 28339. 30 Haziran 2012. [https://www.mevzuat. gov.tr]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).
  • Kniffin, K. M., Narayanan, J., Anseel, F., Antonakis, J., Ashford, S. P., Bakker, A. B., ... and Vugt, M. V. (2021). COVID-19 and the Workplace: Implications, Issues, and Insights for Future Research and Action. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 63(4). 224-233.
  • Landgericht München. (2021). Court Ruling on Insurance Coverage for Remote Work Accidents. Landgericht München. [https://www.lg-m.bayern.de]. (Accessed on November 26, 2024).
  • Lopez-Leon, S., Forero, D. A. and Ruiz-Díaz, P. (2021). Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Remote Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Applied Ergonomics. 92. 103078.
  • Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations. (1999). [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1999/3242/contents/made]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).
  • Messenger, J. C. and Gschwind, L. (2016). Three Generations of Telework: New ICTs and the (R)evolution From Home Office to Virtual Office. New Technology, Work and Employment. 31(3). 195-208.
  • Ministère du Travail. (2021). Guide du Télétravail: Responsabilités de l’Employeur (Telework Guide: Employer Responsibilities). [https://travail-emploi.gov.fr]. (Accessed on December 11, 2024).
  • Ministère du Travail. (2021). Le Télétravail. [https://travail-emploi.gouv.fr/droit-du-travail/teletravail]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (1997). Elements of Ergonomic Programs. [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).
  • Schulz-Dadaczynski, A., Jochmann, A. and Hünefeld, L. (2020). How Working Conditions in the Home Office Influence Employees’ Performance and Health. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 63(4). 224-233.
  • Siemens. (2021). Siemens’ Mental Health Initiatives for Remote Workers. Siemens. [https://www.siemens.com]. (Accessed on December 5, 2024).
  • Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK-Turkish Social Security Institution). (2021). Uzaktan Çalışma Kazalarının Bildirilmesine İlişkin Rehber (Guidelines on Reporting Remote Work Accidents). [https://www.sgk.gov.tr]. (Accessed on December 5, 2024).
  • Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu. (2006). Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu (Social Insurance and General Health Insurance Law). Law No. 5510. Resmî Gazete (Official Gazette). 26200. 16 Haziran 2006. [https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).
  • Sozialgesetzbuch VII (SGB VII). (1987). Sozialgesetzbuch VII (Social Code Book VII). Federal Republic of Germany. [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/sgb_7/]. (Accessed on December 20, 2024).
  • TİSK. (2021). Uzaktan Çalışma Bağlamında İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (Occupational Safety and Health in the Context of Remote Work). Türkiye İşveren Sendikaları Konfederasyonu.
  • Türk Borçlar Kanunu (Turkish Code of Obligations). (2011). Kanun No. 6098. Kabul Tarihi: 11.01.2011. Resmi Gazete (Official Gazette). 27836(1. Mükerrer). [https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr]. (Accessed on January 10, 2025).
  • Uzaktan Çalışma Yönetmeliği. (2021). Uzaktan Çalışma Yönetmeliği (Remote Work Regulation). Published in Resmî Gazete (Official Gazette). No. 31419. 10 Mart 2021. [https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).

Addressing Remote Work Challenges in Türkiye: A New Paradigm for Workplace Safety

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 183 - 207, 15.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.1699858

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Agence Nationale pour l’Amélioration des Conditions de Travail (ANACT). (2021). Télétravail : Quels Enjeux Pour La Santé Au Travail? (Teleworking: What Are the Challenges for Workplace Health?). [https:// www.anact.fr/teletravail-quels-enjeux-pour-la-sante-au-travail].(Accessed on November 27, 2024).
  • Agence Nationale pour l’Amélioration des Conditions de Travail (ANACT). (2021). Prévention des risques liés au télétravail (Prevention of Risks Related to Teleworking). [https://www.anact.fr]. (Accessed on December 15, 2024).
  • Allison v. London Underground Ltd. (2008). EWCA Civ 71. Court of Appeal. [https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2008/71.html]. (Accessed on January 2, 2025).
  • Becker, A., Müller, H. and Richter, J. (2020). Ergonomische Herausforderungen bei der Telearbeit: Auswirkungen auf die muskuloskeletale Gesundheit (Ergonomic Challenges in Remote Work: Impacts on Musculoskeletal Health). Journal of Workplace Health. 33(4). 45-60.
  • Becker, S., Schmid, K. and Hillemacher, T. (2020). Ergonomic Evaluation of Workplaces: A study on Ergonomic Conditions and Associated Discomforts in Home Offices in Germany. Ergonomics. 63(7). 905-913.
  • Biron, M., Peretz, H. and Turgeman-Lupo, K. (2020). Trait Optimism and Work from Home Adjustment in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considering the Mediating Role of Situational Optimism and Psychological Capital. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 119. 103437.
  • Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA). (2020). Working from Home during the Corona Pandemic: Effects on Health and Well-being. Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. [https://www.baua.de/EN/Home/Home_node.html]. (accessed on November 25, 2024).
  • Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA). (2020). Empfehlungen für sicheres und gesundes Arbeiten im Homeoffice (Recommendations for Safe and Healthy Remote Work). [https://www. baua.de/DE/Angebote/Publikationen/Praxis/A74.html]. (Accessed on December 5, 2024).
  • Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. (2020). Arbeitsrecht: Arbeitsschutzgesetz (Labor Law: Occupational Safety and Health Act). [https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Gesetze/arbeitsschutzgesetz.html]. (Accessed on November 24, 2024).
  • Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. (2020). Leitfaden für Ergonomische Heimarbeitsplätze (Guidelines for Ergonomic Home Workspaces). https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Publikationen/leitfadenergonomische-heimarbeitsplaetze.html]. (Accessed on December 5, 2024).
  • Bundessozialgericht. (2021). Judgment on Work Accidents in Home Office. [https://www.bsg.bund.de]. (Accessed on November 14, 2024).
  • Bundessozialgericht. (2021). Urteil zu Heimwegen und Arbeitsunfällen (Judgment on Home Commutes and Workplace Accidents). Case No. B 2 U 4/21. [https://www.bsg.bund.de/SharedDocs/Entscheidungen/ DE/2021/2021-12-08-B2-U4-21R.html]. (Accessed on December 5, 2024).
  • Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). (2020). Health and Well-being at Work: Managing Remote Work Stress. [https://www.cipd.co.uk]. (Accessed on January 2, 2025).
  • Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). (2020). Health and Wellbeing at Work: Survey Report. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. [https://www.cipd.co]. (Accessed on November 25, 2024).
  • Code du travail. (2021). Article L1222-9 and Article L411-1 (Labour Code: Articles L1222-9 and L411-1). [https://www.legifrance.gov.fr]. (Accessed on December 15, 2024).
  • Code du travail. (2021). French Labour Code (Article L1222-9). [https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr]. (Accessed on November 25, 2024).
  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı. (2021). Uzaktan Çalışma Rehberi (Guidelines for Remote Work). [https://www.csgb.gov.tr/]. (Accessed on October 10, 2024).
  • Deutsche Telekom. (2020). Deutsche Telekom’s Response to COVID-19: Ensuring Employee Safety and Well-being. [https://www.telekom.com]. (Accessed on October 10, 2024).
  • DGUV. (2020). Mental Health and Remote Work: Recommendations for Employers. German Social Accident Insurance. [https://www.dguv.de]. (Accessed on October 15, 2024).
  • Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969. (1969). [https://www.legislation.gov.uk]. (Accessed on January 2, 2025).
  • European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. (2020). Occupational Safety and Health in the Context of Teleworking.[https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/occupational-safety-and-health-context-teleworking/view]. (Accessed on October 10, 2024).
  • Felstead, A. and Henseke, G. (2017). Assessing the Growth of Remote Working and Its Consequences for Effort, Well-being, and Work-life Balance. New Technology, Work and Employment. 32(3). 195-212.
  • Gajendran, R. S. and Harrison, D. A. (2007). The Good, the Bad and the Unknown about Telecommuting: Meta-Analysis of Psychological Mediators and Individual Consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology. 92(6). 1524-1541.
  • GDV. (2021). Remote Work and Insurance: Adapting to the New Normal. German Insurance Association. [https://www.gdv.de]. (Accessed on October 15, 2024).
  • Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. (1974). [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/contents]. (Accessed on November 25, 2024.)
  • Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. § 2(1). [https://www.legislation.gov.uk]. (Accessed on January 2, 2025).
  • Health and Safety Executive (HSE). (2024). Guidance on Home Working and Health and Safety. [https://www.hse.gov.uk]. (Accessed on January 2, 2025).
  • Health and Safety Executive (HSE). (2024). Home Working-Your Health and Safety. [https://www.hse.gov.uk/home-working/worker/index.htm]. (Accessed on October 10, 2024).
  • International Labour Organization (ILO). (2020). Teleworking During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: A Practical Guide. [https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/non-standard-employment/publications/ WCMS_743447/lang--en/index.htm]. (Accessed on November 26, 2024).
  • İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu. (2012). İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu (Occupational Health and Safety Law). Law No. 6331. Resmî Gazete (Official Gazette). No. 28339. 30 Haziran 2012. [https://www.mevzuat. gov.tr]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).
  • Kniffin, K. M., Narayanan, J., Anseel, F., Antonakis, J., Ashford, S. P., Bakker, A. B., ... and Vugt, M. V. (2021). COVID-19 and the Workplace: Implications, Issues, and Insights for Future Research and Action. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 63(4). 224-233.
  • Landgericht München. (2021). Court Ruling on Insurance Coverage for Remote Work Accidents. Landgericht München. [https://www.lg-m.bayern.de]. (Accessed on November 26, 2024).
  • Lopez-Leon, S., Forero, D. A. and Ruiz-Díaz, P. (2021). Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Remote Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Applied Ergonomics. 92. 103078.
  • Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations. (1999). [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1999/3242/contents/made]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).
  • Messenger, J. C. and Gschwind, L. (2016). Three Generations of Telework: New ICTs and the (R)evolution From Home Office to Virtual Office. New Technology, Work and Employment. 31(3). 195-208.
  • Ministère du Travail. (2021). Guide du Télétravail: Responsabilités de l’Employeur (Telework Guide: Employer Responsibilities). [https://travail-emploi.gov.fr]. (Accessed on December 11, 2024).
  • Ministère du Travail. (2021). Le Télétravail. [https://travail-emploi.gouv.fr/droit-du-travail/teletravail]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (1997). Elements of Ergonomic Programs. [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).
  • Schulz-Dadaczynski, A., Jochmann, A. and Hünefeld, L. (2020). How Working Conditions in the Home Office Influence Employees’ Performance and Health. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 63(4). 224-233.
  • Siemens. (2021). Siemens’ Mental Health Initiatives for Remote Workers. Siemens. [https://www.siemens.com]. (Accessed on December 5, 2024).
  • Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK-Turkish Social Security Institution). (2021). Uzaktan Çalışma Kazalarının Bildirilmesine İlişkin Rehber (Guidelines on Reporting Remote Work Accidents). [https://www.sgk.gov.tr]. (Accessed on December 5, 2024).
  • Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu. (2006). Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu (Social Insurance and General Health Insurance Law). Law No. 5510. Resmî Gazete (Official Gazette). 26200. 16 Haziran 2006. [https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).
  • Sozialgesetzbuch VII (SGB VII). (1987). Sozialgesetzbuch VII (Social Code Book VII). Federal Republic of Germany. [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/sgb_7/]. (Accessed on December 20, 2024).
  • TİSK. (2021). Uzaktan Çalışma Bağlamında İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (Occupational Safety and Health in the Context of Remote Work). Türkiye İşveren Sendikaları Konfederasyonu.
  • Türk Borçlar Kanunu (Turkish Code of Obligations). (2011). Kanun No. 6098. Kabul Tarihi: 11.01.2011. Resmi Gazete (Official Gazette). 27836(1. Mükerrer). [https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr]. (Accessed on January 10, 2025).
  • Uzaktan Çalışma Yönetmeliği. (2021). Uzaktan Çalışma Yönetmeliği (Remote Work Regulation). Published in Resmî Gazete (Official Gazette). No. 31419. 10 Mart 2021. [https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr]. (Accessed on December 3, 2024).
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyal Güvenlik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Tolga Bal 0000-0003-1489-5338

Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 9 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bal, T. (2025). Addressing Remote Work Challenges in Türkiye: A New Paradigm for Workplace Safety. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 14(2), 183-207. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.1699858