An Analysis of Public Pharmaceutical Policy, Pricing and Spending in Turkey

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 225 - 243, 30.03.2016

Kadir Gürsoy

Öz

Turkey has undergone significant changes on its
pharmaceutical policy with Health Transformation Program launched in 2003. For
instance, Turkey moved from cost-based pricing system to external reference
pricing system, reimbursement commission was fırst established, and positive
list was introduced. Then Universal Health Insurance nearly covering whole
population was put into practice. From 2003 to 2009, public pharmaceutical
spending grew drastically, rising more than 7% annually on average in real
terms. As a consequence, Turkish government announced a 3-year global budget on
late 2009 along with new copayments for hospital outpatient visits and for
prescriptions to reduce excessive utilization and additional rebates to lower
drug prices. Those policies were quite successful in curbing overall
expenditure, dropping by 28% in real terms in three-year time, as well as
roughly 14 billion TL saving. In addition, spending in 2009 hiked to 1.7% of gross
domestic product and then dropped to 1% in 2012 and stayed close to 1% in 2013
and 2014. However, Turkey faces new challenges to stabilize spending and increase credibility, transparency, and consistency of
its reimbursement decisions. Designing clear methodology on reimbursement
decision, revising positive list, developing alternative reimbursement methods
such as risk sharing agreements, introducing jumbo pricing, lauching new
generic pricing policy and tendering, and incentives for rational drug use will
help reach those targets.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pharmaceutical policies, pricing of drugs, pharmaceutical spending, Turkey, drug reimbursement

Türkiye’de Kamu İlaç Politikaları, İlaç Fiyatlaması ve İlaç Harcamasının Analizi

Öz

Türkiye,
2003 yılında uygulanmaya konulan Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı ile birlikte ilaç
politikalarında büyük bir değişime gitmiştir. Örneğin, maliyet bazlı fiyatlama
sisteminden dış referans fiyatlamaya geçilmiş, geri ödeme komisyonu kurulmuş,
tekil bir pozitif liste oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca, neredeyse tüm nüfusu kapsayan
Genel Sağlık Sigortası hayata geçirilmiştir. 2003-2009 yılları arasında, kamu
ilaç harcamaları reel olarak yıllık ortalama %7’den fazla büyümüştür. Buna
istinaden, bürokratlar 2009 yılı sonuna doğru 3 yıllık ilaç global bütçe
anlaşmasını, sağlık hizmetlerinden aşırı yararlanmayı dizginleyen katılım payı
uygulaması ve ilaç fiyatlarını aşağı çeken kamu iskontoları ile birlikte
duyurmuştur. Uygulanan bu politikalar kamu ilaç harcamalarını azaltma konusu
ciddi başarı sağlamış ve harcama 3 yıllık süreçte reel olarak %28 düşmüş,
yaklaşık 14 milyar TL tasarruf sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca, 2009 yılında kamu sağlık
harcamalarının gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla içindeki payı %1,7’den 2012 yılında %1
seviyelerine gerilemiş ve 2013-14 yıllarında %1 seviyesinde sabitlenmiştir. Ama,
Türkiye ilaç harcamasını istikrarlı bir seviyede tutmak ve geri ödeme  kararlarının kredibilite, şeffaflık ve
tutatlılığını artttırmak için yeni düzenlemeleri yapmak zorundadır. Geri ödeme
kararları için daha şeffaf bir yaklaşımın tasarlanması, pozitif listenin
yeniden gözden geçirilmesi, risk paylaşımı anlaşmaları gibi yeni geri ödeme
yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi, jumbo fiyatlama sisteminin uygulanması, yeni bir
jenerik fiyatlama politikasının benimsenmesi, jenerik ürünler için ihaleler
açılması, ve rasyonel ilaç kullanımının teşvik edilmesi bu hedeflere ulaşmada
katkı sağlayacaktır.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

İlaç politikaları, ilaçların fiyatlaması, ilaç harcamaları, Türkiye, ilaç geri ödemesi

Kaynakça

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