Ülke Örnekleri ile Türkiye’de Yarı Zamanlı Çalışmanın Görünümü
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 33 - 62, 20.12.2017
Tekin Akgeyik
,
Tekin Akgeyik
Öz
Bu makalenin amacı, Türkiye’de yarı
zamanlı çalışanların ve istihdamın niteliğini
uluslararası karşılaştırmalar çerçevesinde
analiz etmektir. Makalenin birinci
bölümünde literatür taraması yöntemi,
ikinci bölümde ise, TÜİK’in işgücü ve
SGK’ın işyeri ve sigortalılara ait
istatistikleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma
bulguları, Türkiye’de yarı zamanlı çalışan
sayısının 2009 ile 2016 yılları arasında
yüzde 17 oranında arttığını göstermektedir.
İstatistikler yarı zamanlı işleri erkeklere
kıyasla kadınların daha fazla tercih ettiğine
işaret etmektedir. Yarı zamanlı çalışmanın
bir diğer karakteristik özelliği bu nitelikli
işlerde genç ve yaşlı grupların daha fazla
istihdam edilmesidir. Ayrıca veriler eğitimli
olmayan grupların yarı zamanlı çalışmaya
daha eğilimli olduklarını ortaya
koymaktadır. Nihayet istatistikler yarı
zamanlı istihdamın büyük ölçüde kayıt dışı
olduğunu göstermektedir.
Kaynakça
- Abhayaratna, Joanna; Andrews, Les,
Hudan Nuch, Troy Podbury (2008), Part
Time Employment: The Australian
Experience, Melbourne: Productivity
Commission Staff Working Paper.
- Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı
(2014), Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi, Ankara.
- Eurofound, Part-Time Work in
Europe, [www.eurofound.europa.eu],
(04.08 2017).
- European Parliament (2016), Precarious
Employment in Europe: Patterns, Trends
and Policy Strategies, Brussels: European
Parliament Report.
- European Parliament (2017), Employment
and Social Situation in the USA, Brussels:
European Parliament Report, No: 2017-01.
Eurostat, “Hourly Earnings by
Economic Activity and Contractual
Working Time (Enterprises with 10
Employed Persons or More), 2014”,
[ec.europa.eu], (04.08.2017).
- Eurostat, “Part-time Employment Rate,
2016”, [ec.europa.eu], (04.08.2017).
Fagan, Colette; Norman, Helen, Mark
Smith and Maria C. Gonzalez Menendez
(2014), In Search of Good Quality PartTime Employment, Geneva: ILO
Conditions of Work and Employment
Series, No: 43.
- Horemans, Jeroen (2017), Atypical
Employment and in-Work Poverty: A
Different Story for Part-Timers and
Temporary Workers?, Antwerp, CSB
Working Paper, No: 17/01.
- ILO (2017), World Employment and
Social Outlook: Trends for Women 2017,
International Labour Office, Geneva.
- ILO (2017), Unemployment Rate: ILO
Modelled Estimates: 2016,
[http://www.ilo.org/ilostat, 2017],
(09.10.2017).
- Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2013), İllerin ve
Bölgelerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişmişlik
Sıralaması Araştırması (SEGE) 2011,
Ankara.
- Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2013), Onuncu
Kalkınma Planı: 2014-2018, Ankara.
Kyyra, Tomi; Arranz, Jose M. and Carlos
Garcia Serrano (2017), Does Part-Time
Work Help Unemployed Workers to Find
Full-Time Work? Evidence from Spain,
Bonn: IZA Discussion Paper Series, No.
10770.
- Matteazzi, Eleonora; Pailhe, Ariane and
Anne Solaz (2013), Does Part-Time
Employment Widen the Gender Wage
Gap? Evidence from Twelve European
Countries, Verona: ECINEQ Working
Paper Series, No: 2013-293.
- Maurizio, Roxana (2016), Non-Standard
Forms of Employment in Latin America:
Prevalence, Characteristics and Impacts on
Wages, Geneva: ILO Conditions of Work
and Employment Series, No: 69.
- Nguyen, Huu-Chi; Nguyen-Huu, Thanh
Tam and Thi-Thuy-Linh Le (2016), NonStandard Forms of Employment in Some
Asian Countries: A Study of Wages and
Working Conditions of Temporary
Workers, Geneva: ILO Conditions of
Work and Employment Series, No: 69.
- OECD (2016), OECD Employment
Outlook 2017, Paris: OECD Publishing.
Powell, Andrew and Federico Mor (2017),
Women and the Economy, House of
Commons, London: Briefing Paper; No:
CBP06838.Ülke Örnekleri ile Türkiye’de Yarı Zamanlı Çalışmanın Görünümü
61
- Robotham, David (2012), “Student Part
Time Employment: Characteristics and
Consequences”, Education and Training,
V. 54 (1): 65-75.
- SGK (2017), “İşyeri ve Sigortalılara Ait
İstatistikler: 2015”, [www.sgk.gov.tr],
(05.08.2017).
- TİSK (2009), 4857 Sayılı İş Kanunu ve
Gerekçesi, Ankara: Türkiye İşveren
Sendikaları Konfederasyonu Yayınları,
Yayın No: 293.
- TÜİK (2017), “İllerde Yaşam Endeksi:
2015”, [www.tuik.gov.tr], (05.08.2017).
- TÜİK (2017),“İşgücü İstatistikleri: 2007-
2016”, ”, [www.tuik.gov.tr], (05.08.2017).
- Veliziotis, Michail; Matsaganis, Manos
and Alexandros Karakitsios (2015),
Involuntary Part-Time Employment:
Perspectives from Two European Labour
Markets, Brussels: Improve Working
Paper, No. 15/02.
- Wilson, Lisa (2017), Patterns and Trends
in Employment Arrangements and
Working Hours in Northern Ireland,
Ireland: NERI Working Paper Series, No:
45.
- World Bank (2012), Jobs, Washington:
World Development Report 2013.
- Zukin, Cliff and Carl Van Horn (2015), A
Tale of Two Workforces: The Benefits and
Burdens of Working Part Time, New
Jersey: John J. Heldrich Center for
Workforce Develop
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 33 - 62, 20.12.2017
Tekin Akgeyik
,
Tekin Akgeyik
Kaynakça
- Abhayaratna, Joanna; Andrews, Les,
Hudan Nuch, Troy Podbury (2008), Part
Time Employment: The Australian
Experience, Melbourne: Productivity
Commission Staff Working Paper.
- Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı
(2014), Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi, Ankara.
- Eurofound, Part-Time Work in
Europe, [www.eurofound.europa.eu],
(04.08 2017).
- European Parliament (2016), Precarious
Employment in Europe: Patterns, Trends
and Policy Strategies, Brussels: European
Parliament Report.
- European Parliament (2017), Employment
and Social Situation in the USA, Brussels:
European Parliament Report, No: 2017-01.
Eurostat, “Hourly Earnings by
Economic Activity and Contractual
Working Time (Enterprises with 10
Employed Persons or More), 2014”,
[ec.europa.eu], (04.08.2017).
- Eurostat, “Part-time Employment Rate,
2016”, [ec.europa.eu], (04.08.2017).
Fagan, Colette; Norman, Helen, Mark
Smith and Maria C. Gonzalez Menendez
(2014), In Search of Good Quality PartTime Employment, Geneva: ILO
Conditions of Work and Employment
Series, No: 43.
- Horemans, Jeroen (2017), Atypical
Employment and in-Work Poverty: A
Different Story for Part-Timers and
Temporary Workers?, Antwerp, CSB
Working Paper, No: 17/01.
- ILO (2017), World Employment and
Social Outlook: Trends for Women 2017,
International Labour Office, Geneva.
- ILO (2017), Unemployment Rate: ILO
Modelled Estimates: 2016,
[http://www.ilo.org/ilostat, 2017],
(09.10.2017).
- Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2013), İllerin ve
Bölgelerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişmişlik
Sıralaması Araştırması (SEGE) 2011,
Ankara.
- Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2013), Onuncu
Kalkınma Planı: 2014-2018, Ankara.
Kyyra, Tomi; Arranz, Jose M. and Carlos
Garcia Serrano (2017), Does Part-Time
Work Help Unemployed Workers to Find
Full-Time Work? Evidence from Spain,
Bonn: IZA Discussion Paper Series, No.
10770.
- Matteazzi, Eleonora; Pailhe, Ariane and
Anne Solaz (2013), Does Part-Time
Employment Widen the Gender Wage
Gap? Evidence from Twelve European
Countries, Verona: ECINEQ Working
Paper Series, No: 2013-293.
- Maurizio, Roxana (2016), Non-Standard
Forms of Employment in Latin America:
Prevalence, Characteristics and Impacts on
Wages, Geneva: ILO Conditions of Work
and Employment Series, No: 69.
- Nguyen, Huu-Chi; Nguyen-Huu, Thanh
Tam and Thi-Thuy-Linh Le (2016), NonStandard Forms of Employment in Some
Asian Countries: A Study of Wages and
Working Conditions of Temporary
Workers, Geneva: ILO Conditions of
Work and Employment Series, No: 69.
- OECD (2016), OECD Employment
Outlook 2017, Paris: OECD Publishing.
Powell, Andrew and Federico Mor (2017),
Women and the Economy, House of
Commons, London: Briefing Paper; No:
CBP06838.Ülke Örnekleri ile Türkiye’de Yarı Zamanlı Çalışmanın Görünümü
61
- Robotham, David (2012), “Student Part
Time Employment: Characteristics and
Consequences”, Education and Training,
V. 54 (1): 65-75.
- SGK (2017), “İşyeri ve Sigortalılara Ait
İstatistikler: 2015”, [www.sgk.gov.tr],
(05.08.2017).
- TİSK (2009), 4857 Sayılı İş Kanunu ve
Gerekçesi, Ankara: Türkiye İşveren
Sendikaları Konfederasyonu Yayınları,
Yayın No: 293.
- TÜİK (2017), “İllerde Yaşam Endeksi:
2015”, [www.tuik.gov.tr], (05.08.2017).
- TÜİK (2017),“İşgücü İstatistikleri: 2007-
2016”, ”, [www.tuik.gov.tr], (05.08.2017).
- Veliziotis, Michail; Matsaganis, Manos
and Alexandros Karakitsios (2015),
Involuntary Part-Time Employment:
Perspectives from Two European Labour
Markets, Brussels: Improve Working
Paper, No. 15/02.
- Wilson, Lisa (2017), Patterns and Trends
in Employment Arrangements and
Working Hours in Northern Ireland,
Ireland: NERI Working Paper Series, No:
45.
- World Bank (2012), Jobs, Washington:
World Development Report 2013.
- Zukin, Cliff and Carl Van Horn (2015), A
Tale of Two Workforces: The Benefits and
Burdens of Working Part Time, New
Jersey: John J. Heldrich Center for
Workforce Develop