Güney Kore’de Refah Devletinin Tarihsel Gelişimi Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 99 - 114, 29.06.2022

Semih Ergelen

https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.1135357

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı 1960’lı yılların başından günümüze Güney Kore’de refah devletinin tarihsel gelişimini incelemektedir. Refah devleti genel olarak Avrupa’ya özgü bir kavram olarak tanımlanmasına rağmen, Asya’daki ülkeler de Batı ülkelerinden farklı ve kendine özgü özellikleri olan refah devleti modelleri geliştirmişlerdir. Asya ülkelerindeki refah devletlerinin, Batı’daki refah devletlerinden farklılıkları, bu ülkelerin tarihsel, siyasal ve toplumsal yapılarına yerleşiktir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın ilk kısmında refah devleti kavramı ve Avrupa’da refah devletine yönelik sunulan refah devleti ideal tipleri kısaca incelenmektedir. Bu kısımdan sonra, Asya’daki geç sanayileşen ülkelere özgü bir refah devleti modeli olan kalkınmacı refah devletinin özellikleri açıklanmaktadır. Üçüncü kısımda, 1960’lı yıllardan demokratikleşme dönemine kadar olan dönemde, Güney Kore’de sosyal refah politikalarının temelleri incelenmektedir. Dördüncü kısımda, demokratikleşmenin Güney Kore’de refah devletini nasıl dönüştürdüğüne odaklanılmıştır. Beşinci kısımda ise, Güney Kore’de refah devletinin günümüzdeki durumu, güncel gelişmeler doğrultusunda tartışılmaktadır. Sonuç bölümünde, refah devleti, sosyal refah ve demokrasi gibi Batı toplumlarında ortaya çıkan kavramların ve olguların, Güney Kore’nin kendine özgü tarihsel, siyasal ve toplumsal bağlamına göre yorumlanması gerektiğine yönelik bazı çıkarımlar yapılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güney Kore, refah devleti, sosyal refah

Kaynakça

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