Ücretsiz Bakım ve Kadın Yoksulluğu İlişkisi Perspektifinde İtalya ve Almanya

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 151 - 166, 29.06.2022

Burcu Çağla Ayabakan

https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.1135398

Öz

Kadın yoksulluğunun çeşitli nedenleri olmakla birlikte, kadın yoksulluğun ana sebebi, toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı olarak oluşan cinsiyetçi iş bölümünün bir sonucu olarak yaygın bir biçimde kadınlara yüklenen hane içi bakım sorumluluğudur. Çalışmada ilgili yazında teorik olarak varlığı kabul edilen ücretsiz bakım ve kadın yoksulluğu ilişkisi seçilen İtalya ve Almanya örnekleri üzerinden incelenmiştir. İtalya ve Almanya’nın seçilmesinin sebebi, Esping Andersen tarafından aynı ve bazı araştırmacılar tarafından farklı refah rejimi kategorilerinde sınıflandırılmalarının yanı sıra, Almanya ve İtalya’nın kendilerine özgü yapısıdır. Bu kapsamda, ülkelerin benzer bir görünüm sergileyip sergilemedikleri değerlendirilmiş, benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya koyulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Almanya ve İtalya’nın birbirlerinden farklı olduğu ve İtalya’nın toplumsal cinsiyet göstergeleri bakımından Almanya’nın oldukça gerisinde kaldığı görülmüştür. Covid-19’un toplumsal cinsiyet göstergeleri bakımından her iki ülkeyi de olumsuz etkilediği fakat İtalya üzerindeki etkilerinin daha büyük olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kadın yoksulluğu, ücretsiz bakım, toplumsal cinsiyet

Kaynakça

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