İNSAN HAKLARI EVRENSEL BİLDİRGESİ’NİN AÇTIĞI YOLDA ÖZEL YAŞAM VE KAVRAMIN SONRAKİ İNSAN HAKLARI BELGELERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 217 - 250, 29.07.2022

Sezen Kama Işık

Öz

Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu tarafından 10 Aralık 1948 tarihinde kabul edilen İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi (İHEB), II. Dünya Savaşı’nın yıkıcı etkilerinin ardından yok olma tehlikesiyle karşılaşan demokratik rejimlerin kendilerini korumak gayesi ile ortaya koydukları bir belgedir. En yalın hali ile evrensel insan haklarını hukuki bir metinde toplayan Bildirge, klasik hak ve özgürlüklerle sosyal ve ekonomik hak ve özgürlükleri birlikte düzenlemektedir. Belge her ne kadar bağlayıcı olamasa da kendinden sonraki ulusal ve ulusalüstü tüm belgelere ilham kaynağı teşkil etmiştir.

Bu çerçevede çalışmada İHEB’in Hazırlık Çalışmaları’nda (travaux préparatoires) özel yaşam kavramı çerçevesinde gerçekleşmiş tartışmaların ortaya konulması ve özel yaşamın bir şemsiye hak olarak algılanmasına evrilen sürecin tarihsel bir metodla gösterilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bir diğer gaye de şemsiye hak belirlemesinin izlerinin sonraki ulusal ve ulusalüstü insan hakları belgelerindeki genel görünümü ve söz gelimi bugün dahi AİHS’in 8. madde yorumu ile yeni hakların doğuşuna sağladığı geniş çerçeveyi, İHEB’in Hazırlık Çalışmaları’ndaki tartışmalara borçlu olduğunu ortaya koymaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi, Hazırlık Çalışmaları, Travaux Préparatoires, Mahremiyet, Özel Yaşam

The Effect of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights on the Concept of Private Life and Its Impact on the Subsequent Human Rights Documents

Öz

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948, was drafted by democratic regimes facing extinction as a result of the terrible impacts of WWII in order to defend themselves. Classical rights and freedoms, as well as social and economic rights and freedoms, are regulated by the Declaration, which collects universal human rights in a legislative language. Despite the fact that the document was not legally binding, it served as a model for all following national and supranational documents.

In this context, the aim of this research is to use a historical technique to disclose disputes on the idea of private life in the UDHR Preparatory Studies and to highlight the process that has grown into the perception of private life as an umbrella term. Another goal is to show that the umbrella term's general interpretation in subsequent national and supranational human rights documents, as well as the broad framework it provided for the emergence of new rights in later case law, such as the ECtHR, can be traced back to discussions in the UDHR's Preparatory Studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Preparatory Studies, Travaux Préparatoires, Privacy, Private Life

Kaynakça

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