Caferî İçtihadının İncelenmesi: Leonine Maddesinin Ortaklık ve Şirket Sözleşmelerine Dahil Edilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 6 - 45, 30.06.2024

Heshmatollah Samavati

https://doi.org/10.48203/siader.1468986

Öz

Nispeten az araştırılmış bir konu olan Leonine maddesi, ortaklık ve şirket sözleşmeleri bağlamında büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırma, Şii fakihler tarafından sunulan farklı bakış açılarına ışık tutarak bu maddeyi Caferî fıkhı merceğinden analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için bir dizi ön tartışma başlatılmıştır. İlk olarak Leonine maddesinin tanımlanması ve çeşitli hukuk sistemlerindeki hukuki statüsü üzerinde durulmuştur. Daha sonra, sözleşmeye dayalı ortaklık kavramını, ortaklık sözleşmelerinin gerekliliklerini ve İslam hukukunda şartların sınıflandırılmasını, geçerli, geçersiz ve hükümsüz şartlar arasında ayrım yaparak araştırdık. Temel odak noktamız, Caferî içtihadıyla yorumlandığı şekliyle ortaklık sözleşmelerindeki Leonine maddesi etrafında dönüyordu. Şii fakihlerin bu özel şarta ilişkin ifade ettikleri karşıt görüşleri açıklığa kavuşturduk. Ayrıca, Leonine maddesinin çağdaş şirket sözleşmelerindeki yerini, geçerliliğini ve bu tür anlaşmalar üzerindeki sonuçsal etkisini göz önünde bulundurarak analiz ettik. Nihayetinde, hem erken dönem hem de çağdaş Şii fakihlerin bakış açılarından hareketle, Leonine maddesinin geçersizliğini ve şirket sözleşmeleri üzerindeki geçersiz kılıcı etkisini savunduk.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslam hukuku, Caferî fıkhı, Leonine maddesi, şirket, ortaklık sözleşmesi, ortaklık sözleşmesinin şartları

Examining Ja'farī Jurisprudence: The Incorporation of the Leonine Clause in Partnership and Company Contracts

Öz

The Leonine clause, a topic relatively underexplored, holds substantial importance within the context of partnership and company contracts. This research aims to analyze this clause through the lens of Ja'farī jurisprudence, shedding light on the diverse perspectives presented by Shia jurists. To achieve this goal, a series of preliminary discussions were initiated. Initially, the discourse delved into defining the Leonine clause and its legal status across various jurisdictions. Subsequently, we explored the concept of contractual partnerships, the requirements of partnership contracts, and the classification of conditions in Islamic law, distinguishing between valid, invalid, and nullifying conditions. Our primary focus revolved around the Leonine clause within partnership contracts as interpreted through Ja'farī jurisprudence. We elucidated the contrasting viewpoints expressed by Shia jurists regarding this specific condition. Furthermore, we analyzed the placement of the Leonine clause in contemporary company contracts, considering its validity and consequential impact on such agreements. Ultimately, drawing from the perspectives of both early and contemporary Shia jurists, we argued for the invalidity of the Leonine clause and its nullifying effect on company contracts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic law, Ja'fari jurisprudence, Leoninr clause, company, partnership contract, requirements of partnership contract

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