Araştırma Makalesi
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Hasan el-Benna ve Ayetullah Humeyni'nin Siyasi Düşüncelerinde İslam ve İdeoloji Arasındaki Etkileşimin Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 67 - 86, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.48203/siader.1482105

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İslam ve ideoloji arasındaki ilişkiyi, İslami hareketlere önderlik eden Ayetullah Humeyni ve Hasan el-Benna’nın düşünceleri üzerinden analiz etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Humeyni ve el-Benna'nın siyasi düşüncelerinin temel unsurları, ideolojik yaklaşımları ve toplumsal etkileri ele alınacaktır. Çalışmada, Humeyni'nin Şii teolojisini kullanarak devrim sürecinde dini ve seküler kesimlerin desteğini nasıl kazandığı ve devrim sonrası rejim ihracına yönelik çabaları incelenecektir. Ayrıca, Humeyni'nin milliyetçilik, İslamcılık ve anti-emperyalizm gibi üç önemli alanda İran'ın Şii değerlerini ve ideolojisini yeniden tesis etme çabaları değerlendirilecektir. El-Benna'nın İslam'ı bir "nizam" olarak değerlendirmesi ve İhvan-ı Müslümin teşkilatı aracılığıyla ideolojik ve kurumsal katkıları analiz edilecektir. El-Benna'nın düşünce temelleri arasında anti-emperyalist prensipler ve din ile devlet arasında bir ayrım olmadığı savunusu yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda, her iki düşünürün İslam ve ideoloji arasındaki ilişkiyi nasıl kurduğu ve bu ilişkinin günümüz İslami hareketlerine etkisi değerlendirilecektir. Araştırma, nitel bir yöntemle, bu iki düşünürün eserleri ve söylemleri üzerinden yürütülecektir. Çalışma, her iki düşünürün İslam ve ideoloji arasındaki ilişkiye dair katkılarını derinlemesine inceleyerek, bu ilişkinin İslami hareketler üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abed-Kotob, S. The accommodationists speak the goals and strategies of the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27(3), (1995).
  • Adib-Moghaddam, A. Iran in world politics: The question of the islamic republic. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • Adib-Moghaddam, A. ed., A critical introduction to Khomeini. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Al-Abdin, A. Z. “The Political Thought of Ḥasan Al—Bannā.” Islamic Studies, 28(3), (1989). 219-234.
  • Algar, H., “Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini.”, Berkeley,[Calif.]: Mizan Press, 1981. Barrett, R.C., “Islam: Ideology and Conflict.”, JSOU Press, 2014.
  • Behrooz, M. “Factionalism in Iran under Khomeini.”, Middle Eastern Studies, 27(4), (1991), 597-614.
  • Bhagat, G., “Khomeini: Leader Of Islamic Revolution In Iran.” The Indian Journal of Political Science, 48(1), (1987), 31-41.
  • Corboz, E., “Khomeini in Najaf: The Religious and Political Leadership of an Exiled Ayatollah.”, Die Welt des Islams, 55(2), (2015), 221-248.
  • El-Ghobashy, M., “The metamorphosis of the Egyptian Muslim brothers.”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 37(3), (2005), 373-395.
  • Flockhart, T., Constructivism and foreign policy, in Smith, S; Hadfield, A & T Dunne (Eds.), Foreign policy. Theories, actors, cases. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (2012), 78-93.
  • Goudarzi, M.R., Jawan, J.A. and Ahmad, Z.B. “The roots of the formation of Ayatollah Khomeini's political thought.” Canadian Social Science 5(6), (2010), 65-80.
  • Hasan el-Bennâ, Mecmû’atü Resâili’l-İmâm eş-Şehîd Haşan el-Bennâ, Beyrut, 1384/1965, pp. 248-250.
  • Hibbard, S.W., “Religious politics and secular states: Egypt, India, and the United States.”, JHU Press. (2010).
  • Ismael, J.S. and Ismael, T.Y., 1980. “Social change in Islamic society: The political thought of Ayatollah Khomeini.”, Social problems, 27(5), (2010), 601-619.
  • Jansen, J.J., “Hasan al-Banna's Earliest Pamphlet.”, Die Welt des Islams, (1992), 254-258.
  • Kallander, A., Justice Interrupted: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in the Middle East, by Elizabeth F. Thompson, 2015.
  • Khomeini. “Islam and revolution, translated by Hamid Algar”, Berkeley: Mizan Press, 1981.
  • Kopytowska, Monika.“Ideology, identity and interaction within discourse and society dialectics”. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis across Disciplines 5 (2012), 2.
  • Levy, R.A., “The idea of jihād and its evolution: Ḥasan al-bannā and the society of the Muslim brothers.”, Die Welt des Islams, 54(2) (2014), 139-158.
  • Liu, Z., “Commentary on ‘islamic state’ thoughts of Islamism”, Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 7(3), (2013), 22–42.
  • Mavani, H., “Ayatullah Khomeini's Concept of Governance (wilayat al-faqih) and the Classical Shi ‘i Doctrine of Imamate.”, Middle Eastern Studies, 47(5), (2011), 807-824.
  • Mura, A., “A genealogical inquiry into early Islamism: the discourse of Hasan alBanna.”, Journal of Political Ideologies, 17(1), (2012), 61-85.
  • Rizvi, K., “Religious icon and a national symbol: the Tomb of Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran.”, Muqarnas, 20, pp.209-224.
  • Seyed-Gohrab, A., “Khomeini the Poet Mystic.”, Die Welt des Islams, 51(3-4), (2011), 438-458.
  • Soage, A.B.,. “Ḥasan al‐Bannā or the Politicisation of Islam.”, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 9(1), (2008), 21-42.
  • Soage, A.B., “Ḥasan al‐Bannā and Sayyid Quṭb: Continuity or Rupture?.” The Muslim World, 99(2), (2009), 294-311.
  • Zhong, S. “Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and Development”, West Africa, 1982, No. 1

Analyzing the Interaction between Islam and Ideology in the Political Thought of Hassan al-Banna and Ayatollah Khomeini

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 67 - 86, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.48203/siader.1482105

Öz

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between Islam and ideology through the thoughts and works of Ayatollah Khomeini and Hassan al-Banna, who led Islamic movements. To achieve this aim, the study will examine the fundamental elements of their political thoughts, ideological approaches, and social impacts. Specifically, it will explore how Khomeini used Shia theology to garner support from both religious and secular communities during the revolution and his efforts to export the regime post-revolution. Additionally, it will assess Khomeini’s efforts in three crucial areas—nationalism, Islamism, and anti-imperialism—to reinstate Iran’s Shia values and ideology. Similarly, the study will analyze al-Banna’s evaluation of Islam as a "system" and his contributions through the Muslim Brotherhood organization. Al-Banna’s ideological foundation includes anti-imperialist principles and the argument that there is no separation between religion and the state, advocating for an approach where Islam encompasses all aspects of life. This research will be conducted using a qualitative method, focusing on the works and discourses of these two intellectuals. The study aims to provide an in-depth examination of how both thinkers established the relationship between Islam and ideology and the impact of this relationship on contemporary Islamic movements.

Kaynakça

  • Abed-Kotob, S. The accommodationists speak the goals and strategies of the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27(3), (1995).
  • Adib-Moghaddam, A. Iran in world politics: The question of the islamic republic. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • Adib-Moghaddam, A. ed., A critical introduction to Khomeini. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Al-Abdin, A. Z. “The Political Thought of Ḥasan Al—Bannā.” Islamic Studies, 28(3), (1989). 219-234.
  • Algar, H., “Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini.”, Berkeley,[Calif.]: Mizan Press, 1981. Barrett, R.C., “Islam: Ideology and Conflict.”, JSOU Press, 2014.
  • Behrooz, M. “Factionalism in Iran under Khomeini.”, Middle Eastern Studies, 27(4), (1991), 597-614.
  • Bhagat, G., “Khomeini: Leader Of Islamic Revolution In Iran.” The Indian Journal of Political Science, 48(1), (1987), 31-41.
  • Corboz, E., “Khomeini in Najaf: The Religious and Political Leadership of an Exiled Ayatollah.”, Die Welt des Islams, 55(2), (2015), 221-248.
  • El-Ghobashy, M., “The metamorphosis of the Egyptian Muslim brothers.”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 37(3), (2005), 373-395.
  • Flockhart, T., Constructivism and foreign policy, in Smith, S; Hadfield, A & T Dunne (Eds.), Foreign policy. Theories, actors, cases. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (2012), 78-93.
  • Goudarzi, M.R., Jawan, J.A. and Ahmad, Z.B. “The roots of the formation of Ayatollah Khomeini's political thought.” Canadian Social Science 5(6), (2010), 65-80.
  • Hasan el-Bennâ, Mecmû’atü Resâili’l-İmâm eş-Şehîd Haşan el-Bennâ, Beyrut, 1384/1965, pp. 248-250.
  • Hibbard, S.W., “Religious politics and secular states: Egypt, India, and the United States.”, JHU Press. (2010).
  • Ismael, J.S. and Ismael, T.Y., 1980. “Social change in Islamic society: The political thought of Ayatollah Khomeini.”, Social problems, 27(5), (2010), 601-619.
  • Jansen, J.J., “Hasan al-Banna's Earliest Pamphlet.”, Die Welt des Islams, (1992), 254-258.
  • Kallander, A., Justice Interrupted: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in the Middle East, by Elizabeth F. Thompson, 2015.
  • Khomeini. “Islam and revolution, translated by Hamid Algar”, Berkeley: Mizan Press, 1981.
  • Kopytowska, Monika.“Ideology, identity and interaction within discourse and society dialectics”. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis across Disciplines 5 (2012), 2.
  • Levy, R.A., “The idea of jihād and its evolution: Ḥasan al-bannā and the society of the Muslim brothers.”, Die Welt des Islams, 54(2) (2014), 139-158.
  • Liu, Z., “Commentary on ‘islamic state’ thoughts of Islamism”, Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 7(3), (2013), 22–42.
  • Mavani, H., “Ayatullah Khomeini's Concept of Governance (wilayat al-faqih) and the Classical Shi ‘i Doctrine of Imamate.”, Middle Eastern Studies, 47(5), (2011), 807-824.
  • Mura, A., “A genealogical inquiry into early Islamism: the discourse of Hasan alBanna.”, Journal of Political Ideologies, 17(1), (2012), 61-85.
  • Rizvi, K., “Religious icon and a national symbol: the Tomb of Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran.”, Muqarnas, 20, pp.209-224.
  • Seyed-Gohrab, A., “Khomeini the Poet Mystic.”, Die Welt des Islams, 51(3-4), (2011), 438-458.
  • Soage, A.B.,. “Ḥasan al‐Bannā or the Politicisation of Islam.”, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 9(1), (2008), 21-42.
  • Soage, A.B., “Ḥasan al‐Bannā and Sayyid Quṭb: Continuity or Rupture?.” The Muslim World, 99(2), (2009), 294-311.
  • Zhong, S. “Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and Development”, West Africa, 1982, No. 1
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ortadoğu Çalışmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Lokman Cömert 0000-0002-0351-8353

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Cömert, Lokman. “Analyzing the Interaction Between Islam and Ideology in the Political Thought of Hassan Al-Banna and Ayatollah Khomeini”. Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies 6/1 (Haziran 2024), 67-86. https://doi.org/10.48203/siader.1482105.

Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies, Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.