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BELGESEL İLE KURMACANIN İÇ İÇELİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME: THE COVE (KOY) FİLM ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 99 - 118, 22.04.2019

Öz

Dijital sinema teknolojisinin gelişmesi, film üretiminin görece ucuzlaması ve kolaylaşmasında etkili olmuştur. Ancak günümüzde hangi öykünün nasıl filmleştirileceği, başka bir deyişle izleyicilerin ilgilerini çekecek konu ve hikâyelerin bulunması ve bunların sinemasal olarak anlatılması daha zor görünmektedir. Bu bağlamda konusunu gerçek tarihsel ve toplumsal dünyadan alan belgesel filmlerin, geniş bir izleyici kitlesi çekmek için kurmaca sinemayla özdeşleşmiş film yapım yöntemlerine daha sık başvurdukları dikkat çekmektedir. Bu durum belgesel ile kurmaca sinema arasında yapılan ayrıma işaret etmektedir. Aslında sinema tarihi boyunca hep muğlâk olan bu ayrımın geçerliliği, farklı film yapım yöntemlerinin bir arada kullanımı ile daha da azalmaktadır. Ancak istisnai bir şekilde, öyküsünü gerçek hayattan alan ve kültürel, politik ve ekonomik açıdan duyarlı konuları işleyen filmlerin biçim ve türlerinin ön plana çıkarılarak tartışıldığına tanık olunabilmektedir. The Cove (Koy, 2009) filmi, izleyicileri ortaya konan iddialara belgesel film yapım yöntemlerini kullanarak ikna etmeye çalışırken, gerçek hayattan alınan öyküsünü, tıpkı bir “kurmaca film gibi” kurarak anlatmaktadır. Ayrıca filmin türü, ele aldığı konunun ekonomik, kültürel ve politik  öneminden dolayı tartışma yaratmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu filmin kapsamlı bir çözümlemesi, günümüzde belgesel ve kurmaca ayrımının yeniden sorgulanmasına ve belgesel sinemadaki farklı film yapım yöntemlerinin bir arada kullanımının neden ve sonuçlarının daha detaylı incelenmesine olanak tanıyacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Beattie, K. (2004). Documentary Screens: Non-Fiction Film and Television. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bordwell, D. (1986). Classical Hollywood Cinema: Narrational Principles and Procedures. P. Rosen (Ed.), Narrative, Apparatus, Ideology. A Film Theory Reader (s. 17-34). New York: Columbia University.
  • Bruzzi, S. (2000). New Documentary: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge.
  • Casimiro, S. (2010, 20 Ekim). The Girl Who Broke ‘The Cove’ Story. [Louie Psihoyos’un filmi Koy’un Eleştirisi]. Adventure Journal. http:// www.adventure-journal.com/2010/10/the-girl-who-broke-the-cove-story/
  • Chanan, M. (2007). The Politics of Documentary. London: BFI.
  • Corner, J. (1996). The Art of Record: A Critical Introduction to Documentary. Manchester: Manchester.
  • Dovey, J. (2000). Freakshow: First Person Media and Factual Television. London: Pluto.
  • Elsaesser, T. (1998). Digital Cinema: Delivery, Event, Time. T. Elsaesser & K. Hoffmann (Ed.), Cinema Futures: Cain, Abel or Cable? The Screen Arts in the Digital. (s. 201-222). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University.
  • Elsaesser, T. & Buckland, W. (2002). Studying Contemporary American Film, A Guide to Movie Analysis. London: Arnold.
  • Gürata, A. (2009, 16 Temmuz). Yeni Anlatılar. Taraf. http:// www.taraf.com.tr/ahmet-gurata/makale-yeni-anlatilar.htm
  • Harrington, J. (1973). The Rhetoric of Film. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc. http://boxofficemojo.com
  • Japan defends dolphin hunt in Oscar-winning 'Cove' (2010, 8 Mart). http:// www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20100308/ cover_defense_100308/20100308?s_name=oscars2010
  • Kilborn, R. & Izod, J. (1997). An Introduction to Television Documentary: Confronting Reality. Manchester: Manchester University.
  • Kracauer, S. (1997). Theory of Film. The Redemption of Physical Reality. Princeton & New York: Princeton University.
  • Loshitsky, Y. (1999). Fantastic Realism: Schindler’s List as Docudrama A. Rosenthal (Ed.) Why Docudrama? Fact-Fiction on Film and TV (s. 357-369). New York: Manchester University.
  • Manovich, L. (2000). From DV Realism to a Universal Recording M a c h i n e . h t t p : / / m i c h a e l i s . u c t . a c . z a / d o w n l o a d / UniversalRecordingMachine_LevManovich.pdf.
  • Maragos, A. (2010, Temmuz). Technical Interview. Louie Psihoyos ile söyleşi. http://www.alexandrosmaragos.com/2010/07/louie-psihoyos- interview.html
  • Marcus, A. (2006). Nanook of the North as Primal Drama. Visual Anthropology, 19(3), 201–222.
  • Metz, C. (1974). Film Language: A semiotics of the Cinema (M. Taylor, Çev.). Chicago: The University of Chicago.
  • McCling, C. (2005). The Political Documentary in America Today. Cineaste, 30(3), 29–36.
  • Morris, W. (2009, 7 Ağustos). The Cove. [Louie Psihoyos filmi Koy’un Eleştirisi]. The Boston Globe. http://articles.boston.com/2009-08-07/ae/ 29264657_1_dolphin-trainer-fishermen-flipper
  • Nakai, M. (2010, 29 Haziran). “The Cove” Surprises With Box Office Success. [Louie Psihoyos filmi Koy’un Eleştirisi]. The Daily Yomuiri. http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T100728004103.htm
  • Nichols, B. (1991). Representing Reality: Issues and Concepts in Documentary. Bloomington: Indiana University.
  • Nichols, B. (2001). Introduction to Documentary. Blooming & Indianapolis: Indiana University.
  • O'Hehir, A. (2009, 30 Temmuz). Bond and Cousteau Track The Dolphin Killers. Louie Psihoyos ve Ric O’Barry ile söyleşi. Salon. http:// www.salon.com/entertainment/movies/beyond_the_multiplex/feature/ 2009/07/30/cove/index.html
  • Özdem, Ö. M. (2012). Dijital İletişim Çağında Belgesel Sinema: Gerçekliğin Yeniden İnşası. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Popple, S. & Kember, J. (2004). Early Cinema: From Factory Gate to Dream Factory. London: Wallflower.
  • Rohter, L. (2009, 16 Temmuz). In a Killing Cove, Siding With Dolphins. [Louie Psihoyos filmi Koy’un Eleştirisi]. The NewYork Times. http:// www.nytimes.com/2009/07/19/movies/19roht.html
  • Rombes, N. (2005, 19 Ocak). Avant-Garde Realism. Ctheory. http:// www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=442
  • Roscoe, J. & Hight, C. (2001). Faking It: Mock-documentary and the Subversion of Factuality. Manchester: Manchester University.
  • Ruby, J. (2005). The Image Mirrored: Reflexivity and the Documentary Film. A. Rosenthal (Ed.), New Challenges for Documentary (s. 64-77). New York: Manchester University.
  • The Secret is Out Spread the Word (2012, Ocak). http:// www.takepart.com/thecove
  • Thomson, P. (2009, Agustos). Explosing a Secret Slaughter: The COVE [Louie Psihoyos filmi Koy’un Eleştirisi]. American Cinematographer http://www.patriciathomson.net/AC-The_Cove.html
  • Vaughan, D. (1999). For Documentary: Twelve Essays. Berkeley: University of California.
  • Williams, L. (1993). Mirrors Without Memories: Truth, History, and the New Documentary. Film Quarterly, 46(3): 9-21.
  • Winston, B. (1993). The Documentary Film As Scientific Inscription. M. Renov (Ed.), Theorising Documentary (s. 37-57). London: Routledge.
  • Winston, B. (1995). Claiming the Real: The Documentary Film Revisited. London: BFI Publishing.

An Evaluation of Intertwined Fiction and Documentary: An Analysis of The Cove (2009)

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 99 - 118, 22.04.2019

Öz

Recent developments in digital film technology have made film production cheaper and easier compared to the past. However, it seems more difficult to decide how and what to shoot in a film, to find and narrate intriguing subjects and stories suitable for today’s film making strategies. In this respect, to get the attention of a large audience, documentary films based on actual historical and social events tend to adopt fictional film making strategies, a practice that questions the distinction between documentary and fictional cinema. Indeed,  the validity of this distinction, which has been vague throughout the history of cinema, is increasingly blurred through the use of similar film making methods. Nowadays  one  witnesses true-life films that deal with cultural, political, and economic subjects paying more attention to form and genre. While trying to tell a true story convincingly, so that an audience believes the arguments it presents, The Cove (2009) adopts a narrative style like the style of a fictional film. Furthermore, the film has aroused discussion because of the economical, cultural, and political severity of its subject. Hence, in an analysis of this film, the causes and effects of combining film making methods can be examined in detail by revisiting the distinction between documentary and fictional films.

Kaynakça

  • Beattie, K. (2004). Documentary Screens: Non-Fiction Film and Television. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bordwell, D. (1986). Classical Hollywood Cinema: Narrational Principles and Procedures. P. Rosen (Ed.), Narrative, Apparatus, Ideology. A Film Theory Reader (s. 17-34). New York: Columbia University.
  • Bruzzi, S. (2000). New Documentary: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge.
  • Casimiro, S. (2010, 20 Ekim). The Girl Who Broke ‘The Cove’ Story. [Louie Psihoyos’un filmi Koy’un Eleştirisi]. Adventure Journal. http:// www.adventure-journal.com/2010/10/the-girl-who-broke-the-cove-story/
  • Chanan, M. (2007). The Politics of Documentary. London: BFI.
  • Corner, J. (1996). The Art of Record: A Critical Introduction to Documentary. Manchester: Manchester.
  • Dovey, J. (2000). Freakshow: First Person Media and Factual Television. London: Pluto.
  • Elsaesser, T. (1998). Digital Cinema: Delivery, Event, Time. T. Elsaesser & K. Hoffmann (Ed.), Cinema Futures: Cain, Abel or Cable? The Screen Arts in the Digital. (s. 201-222). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University.
  • Elsaesser, T. & Buckland, W. (2002). Studying Contemporary American Film, A Guide to Movie Analysis. London: Arnold.
  • Gürata, A. (2009, 16 Temmuz). Yeni Anlatılar. Taraf. http:// www.taraf.com.tr/ahmet-gurata/makale-yeni-anlatilar.htm
  • Harrington, J. (1973). The Rhetoric of Film. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc. http://boxofficemojo.com
  • Japan defends dolphin hunt in Oscar-winning 'Cove' (2010, 8 Mart). http:// www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20100308/ cover_defense_100308/20100308?s_name=oscars2010
  • Kilborn, R. & Izod, J. (1997). An Introduction to Television Documentary: Confronting Reality. Manchester: Manchester University.
  • Kracauer, S. (1997). Theory of Film. The Redemption of Physical Reality. Princeton & New York: Princeton University.
  • Loshitsky, Y. (1999). Fantastic Realism: Schindler’s List as Docudrama A. Rosenthal (Ed.) Why Docudrama? Fact-Fiction on Film and TV (s. 357-369). New York: Manchester University.
  • Manovich, L. (2000). From DV Realism to a Universal Recording M a c h i n e . h t t p : / / m i c h a e l i s . u c t . a c . z a / d o w n l o a d / UniversalRecordingMachine_LevManovich.pdf.
  • Maragos, A. (2010, Temmuz). Technical Interview. Louie Psihoyos ile söyleşi. http://www.alexandrosmaragos.com/2010/07/louie-psihoyos- interview.html
  • Marcus, A. (2006). Nanook of the North as Primal Drama. Visual Anthropology, 19(3), 201–222.
  • Metz, C. (1974). Film Language: A semiotics of the Cinema (M. Taylor, Çev.). Chicago: The University of Chicago.
  • McCling, C. (2005). The Political Documentary in America Today. Cineaste, 30(3), 29–36.
  • Morris, W. (2009, 7 Ağustos). The Cove. [Louie Psihoyos filmi Koy’un Eleştirisi]. The Boston Globe. http://articles.boston.com/2009-08-07/ae/ 29264657_1_dolphin-trainer-fishermen-flipper
  • Nakai, M. (2010, 29 Haziran). “The Cove” Surprises With Box Office Success. [Louie Psihoyos filmi Koy’un Eleştirisi]. The Daily Yomuiri. http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T100728004103.htm
  • Nichols, B. (1991). Representing Reality: Issues and Concepts in Documentary. Bloomington: Indiana University.
  • Nichols, B. (2001). Introduction to Documentary. Blooming & Indianapolis: Indiana University.
  • O'Hehir, A. (2009, 30 Temmuz). Bond and Cousteau Track The Dolphin Killers. Louie Psihoyos ve Ric O’Barry ile söyleşi. Salon. http:// www.salon.com/entertainment/movies/beyond_the_multiplex/feature/ 2009/07/30/cove/index.html
  • Özdem, Ö. M. (2012). Dijital İletişim Çağında Belgesel Sinema: Gerçekliğin Yeniden İnşası. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Popple, S. & Kember, J. (2004). Early Cinema: From Factory Gate to Dream Factory. London: Wallflower.
  • Rohter, L. (2009, 16 Temmuz). In a Killing Cove, Siding With Dolphins. [Louie Psihoyos filmi Koy’un Eleştirisi]. The NewYork Times. http:// www.nytimes.com/2009/07/19/movies/19roht.html
  • Rombes, N. (2005, 19 Ocak). Avant-Garde Realism. Ctheory. http:// www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=442
  • Roscoe, J. & Hight, C. (2001). Faking It: Mock-documentary and the Subversion of Factuality. Manchester: Manchester University.
  • Ruby, J. (2005). The Image Mirrored: Reflexivity and the Documentary Film. A. Rosenthal (Ed.), New Challenges for Documentary (s. 64-77). New York: Manchester University.
  • The Secret is Out Spread the Word (2012, Ocak). http:// www.takepart.com/thecove
  • Thomson, P. (2009, Agustos). Explosing a Secret Slaughter: The COVE [Louie Psihoyos filmi Koy’un Eleştirisi]. American Cinematographer http://www.patriciathomson.net/AC-The_Cove.html
  • Vaughan, D. (1999). For Documentary: Twelve Essays. Berkeley: University of California.
  • Williams, L. (1993). Mirrors Without Memories: Truth, History, and the New Documentary. Film Quarterly, 46(3): 9-21.
  • Winston, B. (1993). The Documentary Film As Scientific Inscription. M. Renov (Ed.), Theorising Documentary (s. 37-57). London: Routledge.
  • Winston, B. (1995). Claiming the Real: The Documentary Film Revisited. London: BFI Publishing.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Önder Özdem Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Nisan 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özdem, Ö. (2019). BELGESEL İLE KURMACANIN İÇ İÇELİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME: THE COVE (KOY) FİLM ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ. Sinecine: Sinema Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 99-118.

sinecine TR DİZİN ve FIAF tarafından taranmaktadır.