2020 RUSYA ANAYASA DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ: SOSYAL DEVLET Mİ EBEDİYEN PUTİN Mİ?

Öz

2020 yılı Putin için zafer yılı olacaktı. 20. yılına Anayasa'da yapılan değişiklikler ve Sovyetlerin II. Dünya Savaşı'ndaki zaferinin 75. yıldönümü damga vuracaktı. Bu makale, Rusya Federasyonu'nda Ocak 2020'de Putin tarafından sunulan ve Putin'in 2036 yılına kadar iktidarını güvence altına alacak olan 2020 Anayasa değişikliklerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yazar, 2024 seçimlerinden sonra da iktidarda kalabilmek için Putin'in Rus halkına kayda değer sosyal teminatlar sunması gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Başkana ve hükümete duyulan güven seviyesindeki azalma nedeniyle, güçler dengesi ve başkanlık dönemleri başlıklarında doğrudan değişiklikler imkânsız olacaktır. Bu nedenle, ülkenin siyasal sisteminde değişiklik yapmadan önce doğum yardımı, emekli maaşlarının ve asgari ücretin endekslenmesi ile ilgili hükümler sunulmuştur. Üstelik Rusların ülkenin siyasal sistemi hakkında çok az bilgisi vardır ve yukarıda belirtilen temel vaatler daha çekici görünmektedir. Bu makalede faydalanılan vaka çalışması, Putin’in 1993 Rusya Anayasası'nda yapılacak değişikliklere ilişkin konuşmalarının, ilgili başkanlık tasarısının, 2020'de Anayasa ile ilgili konulara ilişkin mevzuatın analizlerini ve bunların medyada nasıl yer aldığını içermektedir. Metinde somut hükümlere yol açan faktörlerin yanı sıra toplum için sonuçlarının incelenmesi ile tamamlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anayasa
• Değişiklik
• Putin
• Rusya

RUSSIAN CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS 2020: SOCIAL STATE OR PUTIN FOREVER?

Öz

The year of 2020 was to become a triumph year for Putin. His 20th anniversary would be marked by the amendments to the Constitution and the 75th anniversary of the Soviets’ Victory in the World War II. This article seeks to examine 2020 Constitutional amendments in the Russian Federation that were proposed by Putin in January 2020 and that would secure Putin’s power till 2036. The author argues that in order to stay in power after 2024 election, Putin had to propose significant social guarantees to the Russian people. Direct changes in the balance of powers and presidential terms would be impossible due to the declining ratings of support for the president and government. Therefore, provisions about maternity payments, indexation of pensions and minimal wage were presented before the changes to the political system of the country. Besides, Russians have little knowledge about political system and abovementioned basic promises would look more attractive. Case study, utilized in this article, includes analysis of Putin’s speeches regarding amendments to 1993 Russian Constitution, corresponding presidential bill, legislation related to the issues introduced to the Constitution in 2020 and media coverage of those. It was complemented by the examination of the factors that led to the concrete provisions in the text as well as their outcomes for the society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Constitution
• Amendments
• Putin
• Russia

Kaynakça

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