Covid-19 Pandemisinde İş Arkadaşına Yardım Etme Davranışının İş Arkadaşına Güvene Etkisinde Kaygı Düzeyinin Aracı Rolü

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 85 - 97, 20.03.2022

Nurperihan Tosun Fuat Yalman

https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1063532

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, COVID-19 pandemisinde iş arkadaşlarına güvenmenin iş arkadaşlarına yardım etme davranışlarına etkisinde kaygı düzeyinin aracı rolünü belirlemektir. Araştırmada hastane temelli kesitsel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini İstanbul'un farklı bölgelerinde ikinci basamak sağlık hizmeti veren dört farklı kamu hastanesinde çalışan hemşireler oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, çevrimiçi anket tekniği kullanılarak araştırmacıların kendileri tarafından toplanmıştır. Değerlendirilen ve verilerin analizinde kullanılan toplam anket sayısı 527'dir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 26 ve AMOS 24 paket programları kullanılmıştır. Verilere tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız örneklem t testi, ANOVA testi ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi uygulanmıştır. Yapısal eşitlik analizi ile elde edilen bulgular, modelin yapı geçerliğinin sağlandığını göstermiştir. Araştırmanın ampirik sonucu, COVID-19 salgınının hemşirelerin kaygı düzeylerini artırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca hemşirelerin birbirlerine olan güvenlerinin birbirlerine yardım etme davranışları üzerindeki etkisinin COVID-19 kaygısının kısmen aracılık ettiği belirlenmiştir. Meslektaşlarına karşı yüksek güven duygusu ile hareket eden hemşirelerin COVID-19 kaygı düzeyleri birbirlerine yardım etme davranışlarını azaltmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, İş Arkadaşlarına Güven, İş Arkadaşlarına Yardım, Hemşire

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF THE ANXIETY LEVEL IN THE EFFECT OF TRUSTING CO-WORKERS ON HELPING BEHAVIOURS TO CO-WORKERS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Öz

The main purpose of this study is to determine the mediating role of the anxiety level in the effect of trusting co-workers on helping behaviours to co-workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital-based cross-sectional research design was used in the study. The population of the study consisted of nurses working in four different public hospitals providing secondary health services in different regions of Istanbul. Convenience sampling method was preferred in the study. The data were collected by the researchers themselves using the online questionnaire technique. The total number of questionnaires that were evaluated and used in the analysis of the data is 527. SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 package programs were used in the analysis of the data. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, ANOVA test and structural equation modeling were applied to the data. The findings obtained with the structural equation analysis showed that the construct validity of the model was provided. The empirical result of the study revealed that the outbreak of COVID-19 increased the anxiety levels of nurses. In addition, it has been determined that the effect of nurses' trust towards each other on their helping behaviour towards each other is partially mediated by COVID-19 anxiety. The COVID-19 anxiety levels of the nurses, who acted with a high sense of trust in their colleagues, decreased their helping behaviour towards each other.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Trusting Co-Workers, Helping Co-Workers, Nurse.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

• Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 of COVID- 19 Scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8.
• Akpınar, B. (2013). Analysis of Candidate Teachers’ Stress Level in Terms of Different Variables. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gökalp Education Faculty, 21, 229-241.
• Anderson, S. E. & Williams, L. J. (1996). Interpersonal, job, and individual factors related to helping processes at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 282-296.
• Aryee, S., Budhwar, P. S. & Chen, Z. X. (2002). Trust as a mediator of the relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes: test of a social exchange model.JOrgan Behav 23(1): 267-285.
• Bijlsma-Frankema, K., de Jong, B. & van de Bun, G. (2008). Heed, a missing link between trust, monitoring and performance in knowledge intensive teams. Int J Hum Resource Manag 19(1): 19-40.
• Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford Press.
• Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatr. Res. 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
• Chen, P., Sparrow, P. R., & Cooper, C.L. (2016). The relationship between person-organization fit and job satisfaction. J. Manag. Psychol, 31, 946–959.
• Chen, S. Y., Wu, W. C., Chang, C. S., Lin, C. T., Kung, J. Y., Weng, H. C., ... & Lee, S. I. (2015). Organizational justice, trust, and identification and their effects on organizational commitment in hospital nursing staff. BMC health services research, 15(1), 363.
• Chen, Y., Zhou, H., Zhou, Y., & Zhou, F. (2020). Prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety among pediatric medical staff members during the COVID-19 outbreak in Guiyang, China. Psychiatry Res., 288:113005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113005 PMID: 32315886.
• Çağatay, A. , Arslan, Ü. & Yılmaz, S. (2021). The Effect Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Health Services . International Scientific and Vocational Studies Journal , 5 (2) , 218-229.
• Dyne, L. V & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviours: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119.
• Ehrhart, M. G., Bliese, P. D. & Thomas, J. L. (2006). Unit-Level OCB and Unit Effectiveness: Examining the Incremental Effect of Helping Behaviour, Human Performance, 19(2), 159-173.
• Elewa, A. H. & Aly El Banan, S. H. (2019). Organizational Culture, Organizational Trust and Workplace Bullying Among Staff Nurses at Public and Private Hospitals, International Journal of Nursing Didactics, 9, 4: 10-20.
• Farnham, A. (1989). The trust gap. Fortune, 120(14), 56-78. https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1989/12/04/72831/index.htm.
• Foulk, T. A., De Pater, I. E., Schaerer, M., Du Plessis, C., Lee, R. & Erez, A. (2020). It’s lonely at the bottom (too): The effects of experienced powerlessness on social closeness and disengagement. Personnel Psychology, 73, 363-394.
• Gillen, M., Baltz, D., Gassel, M., Kirsch, L. & Vaccaro, D. (2002). Perceived safety, climate, job demands, and coworker support among union and nonunion injured construction workers. Journal of Safety Research, 33, 33-51.
• Golembiewski, R. T. & McConkie, M. (1975). The centrality of interpersonal trust in group processes. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Theories of group processes. New York: Wiley.
• Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning, EMEA.
• Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press, p.21-35.
• Ilgen, D. R. & Pulakos, E. D. (1999). The changing nature of performance: Implications for staffing, motivation, and development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• İlhan, N., Bahadırlı, S. ve Toptaner, N. E. (2014). Determination of the relationship between mental status and health behaviours of university students. Marmara University Journal of Health Sciences Institute, 4 (4), 207-215.
• Kapcı, E. G. (2004). Bullying type and severity among elementary school students and its relationship with depression, anxiety and self esteem. Ankara University Journal of Educational Sciences, 37 (1), 1-13.
• Larson, C. E. & LaFasto, F. M. J. (1989). Teamwork: What must go right/what can go wrong. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44, 7, 393-401. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481.
• Lee, S. M., Kang, W. S., Cho, A. R., Kim, T., & Park, J. K. (2018). Psychological impact of the, 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Compr Psychiatry. 2018; 87, 123–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.10.003 PMID: 30343247.
• Li, P. P., Bai, Y. & Xi, Y. (2012). The contextual antecedents of organizational trust: a multidimensional cross‐ level analysis. Management and Organization Review, 8(2), 371-396.
• Meyer, J. W. (1983). Organizational factors affecting legalization in education. In J. W. Meyer & W. R. Scott (Eds.), Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality: 217-232. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Munro, B. H. (2005). Statistical Methods For Health Care Research. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p.351-376.
• Nelson, L. M., Simard, J. F., Oluyomi, A. et al. (2020). US public concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic from results of a survey given via social media. JAMA Intern Med, 180(7), 1020-1022.
• Nyhan, R. C. & Marlowe, H. A. (1997). Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust inventory. Evaluation Review, 21(5), 614-635.
• Omoto, A. M. & Snyder, M. (1995). Sustained Helping Without Obligation: Motivation, Longevity of Service, and Perceived Attitude Change Among AIDS Volunteers, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 (4), 671-686.
• Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behaviour: The “good soldier” syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
• Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V.G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, Behaviour, and Immunity. Ahead of Print https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026.
• Pappas, G., Kiriaze, I. J., Giannakis, P., & Falagas, M. E. (2009). Psychosocial consequences of infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Infect 15(8), 743-747.
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B. & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviours: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513-563.
• Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066.
• Rotemberg, J. J. (1994). Human relation in the workplace. Journal of Political Economy, 102(4), 684-717.
• Shigemura, J., Ursano, R.J., Morganstein, J.C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. 74 (4), 281-282.
• Sitkin, S. B. & Bies, R. J. (1994). The legalization of organizations: A multitheoretical perspec- tive. In S. B Sitkin & R. J. Bies (Eds.), The legalistic organization: 19-49. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Tam. C. W. C., Pang, E. P. F., Lam, L. C. W., & Chiu, H. F. K. (2004). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in, 2003: Stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers. Psychol Med., 34 (7), 1197–1204. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704002247 PMID: 15697046.
• Tanner, B. M. (2007). Analysis of the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational trust, and organizational commitment in an acute care hospital. (Ph.D. Thesis). San Francisco, California, USA: Faculty of Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center.
• Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatr. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212, 20764020915212.
• Turkey Psychiatric Association (2020). Preventive, protective and therapeutic psychiatric services in the treatment of COVID-19. Accessed November 24, 2020, https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/Uploads/files/COVID19_Pandemi_Psikiyatrik TedavilerTPDRTACB-05052020.pdf.
• Vakola, M., Bouradas, D. & Nikolaou, I. (2011). The role of silence on employees attitudes “the day after” a merger. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 40(6), 723-741.
• Van Dyne, L. & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviours: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 108-119.
• Vineburgh, J. H. (2010). A study of organizational trust and related variables among faculty members at HBCUs.
• World Health Organization (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public, Erişim 20 Kasım 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html.
• Wu, K. K., Chan, S. K., & Ma, T. M. (2005). Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Survivors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)”, Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 18(1), 39-42.