AN EXAMINATION OF CHINA’S SOFT POWER INSTRUMENTS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 213 - 224, 31.07.2023

Esra Sarıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1243944

Öz

The concept of power has dramatically been important for people and communities in the historical scene. After the world wars and the cold war in the past, a different balance of power has emerged in the international arena. With the advancement of technology and the emergence of nuclear weapons, heavy losses have been given in wars. Countries tried to recover themselves and erase the traces of wars due to the heavy losses they inflicted. In this recovery process, we encounter soft power, which has become necessary as an alternative to military power. Today, actors have begun to regulate their policies following the concept of soft power and have framed what they want to achieve using this concept. The People's Republic of China, one of the major powers of the 21st century, has attached importance to the concept of soft power like other actors and has begun to include the instruments of soft power in its policies. China aims to maintain its global position and to continue its peaceful rise, which it expresses at every opportunity. Undoubtedly the essential element for these purposes is considered soft power. Looking at the history of China, the concept of soft power is not a new phenomenon; it is a concept that China has used frequently in the past. This research aims to examine how the People's Republic of China perceives Joseph Nye's concept of soft power and to examine China's soft power elements in the context of culture, foreign policy, and political values.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soft Power, China, Culture, Foreign Policy, Political Values.

Çin’in Yumuşak Güç Araçlarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Tarihsel sahnede insanlar ve topluluklar için güç kavramı büyük bir önem arz etmiştir. Geçmişte yaşanan dünya savaşları ve soğuk savaşın ardından, uluslararası arenada farklı bir güç dengesi ortaya çıkmıştır. Teknolojinin ilerlemesi, nükleer silahların ortaya çıkması ile savaşlarda ağır kayıplar verilmiştir. Ülkeler, verdikleri ağır kayıplar neticesinde kendilerini toparlamaya ve savaşların izlerini silmeye çalışmışlardır. Bu toparlanma süreci içinde karşımıza askeri güce alternatif olarak önemli hale gelen yumuşak güç çıkmaktadır. Aktörler, günümüzde politikalarını yumuşak güç konseptine uygun olarak düzenlemeye başlamış ve elde etmek istediklerini bu kavramı kullanarak çerçevelendirmiştir. 21. Yüzyılın öne çıkan en önemli güçlerinden Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti de, diğer aktörler gibi yumuşak güç kavramına önem vermiş ve yumuşak gücün araçlarını politikalarına dahil etmeye başlamıştır. Çin, sahip olduğu küresel pozisyonunu korumayı ve her fırsatta dile getirdiği barışçıl yükselişini devam ettirmeyi amaç edinmiştir. Bu amaçlar için şüphesiz en önemli unsur, yumuşak güç olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Çin tarihine bakıldığında, yumuşak güç kavramı yeni bir olgu değil, geçmişte de Çin’in sıklıkla kullandığı bir kavramdır. Bu çalışmada, Joseph Nye'ın yumuşak güç kavramının Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti tarafından algılanışı ve Çin'in yumuşak güç unsurlarının kültür, dış politika ve siyasi değerler kapsamında ele alınması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yumuşak Güç, Çin, Kültür, Dış Politika, Siyasi Değerler

Kaynakça

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