Democracy and Peace in Bosnia-Herzegovina: An Evaluation On the 2022 Elections

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 175 - 195, 31.03.2024

Merve Battal Sirkeci , Muharrem Gürkaynak

https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1439691

Öz

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a Western Balkan country that survived civil war in the 1990s. The war ended with the Dayton Agreement signed on 14 December 1995 and a new political structure was established in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Dayton Agreement not only ended the war but also created a radical transformation in the political structure of the country. In other words, the Dayton Agreement brought a complex political system to the country. The logic of this complex system is based on the ethnic divisions shaped under the conditions of war. This complex system has managed to maintain peace until today. However, the political structure shaped by ethnic division prevents the country from democratization. The electoral system and what happened during the election period is an important example of ethnic division. From this point of view, this study aims to examine democracy and peace through the 2022 elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dayton Agreement, Bosnian Elections, Ethnic Division, Democratization

BOSNA-HERSEK’TE DEMOKRASİ VE BARIŞ: 2022 SEÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Bosna-Hersek, 1990’lı yıllarda ağır bir iç savaş atlatmış bir Batı Balkan ülkesidir. Savaş 14 Aralık 1995’te imzalanan Dayton Antlaşması ile sona ermiş ve Bosna-Hersek’te yeni bir siyasi yapı oluşturulmuştur. Dayton Antlaşması yalnızca savaşı sonlandırmamış aynı zamanda ülkenin siyasi yapısında radikal bir dönüşüm yaratmıştır. Bir başka ifadeyle, Dayton Antlaşması ülkeye karmaşık bir siyasi sistem getirmiştir. Bu karmaşık sistemin mantığı, savaş koşullarında şekillenen etnik bölünmüşlüğe dayanmaktadır. Bu karmaşık sistem bugüne kadar barışı sürdürmeyi başarmıştır. Ancak etnik bölünmüşlüğün şekillendirdiği siyasi yapı ülkenin demokratikleşmesine engel olmaktadır. Seçim sistemi ve seçim döneminde yaşananlar etnik bölünmüşlüğün önemli bir örneğidir. Buradan hareketle, çalışma Bosna-Hersek’teki demokrasi ve barışı 2022 seçimleri üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bosna Hersek, Dayton Antlaşması, Bosna Seçimleri, Etnik Bölünmüşlük, Demokratikleşme

Kaynakça

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