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Empowering Communities through Community Ownership of Renewable Energy Technologies with Examples from Around the World

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 261 - 280, 29.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1454348

Öz

This study examines how local communities can play an active role in renewable energy projects and how these processes can empower communities. Community ownership involves individuals directly participating in the production of clean energy, collectively managing and owning local renewable energy resources. Beyond environmental imperatives, this approach aims to promote sustainable development, enhance energy security, and support the transition to a low-carbon future. Various renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and hydroelectric power, provide opportunities to stimulate local economic growth and contribute to environmental protection. The community ownership model operates on fundamental principles of participatory decision-making, local involvement, and equitable distribution of benefits. This model democratizes energy production, enabling social and economic strengthening of local communities. However, transitioning to this model brings challenges such as financing, regulatory barriers, and technical knowledge. Appropriate support mechanisms and cooperative models play a critical role in overcoming these challenges, ensuring the successful implementation of projects. This approach grants communities greater control over energy production, maximizing both environmental and socioeconomic benefits of transitioning to sustainable energy.

Kaynakça

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  • ALLEN, J., SHEATE, W. R., & DIAZ-CHAVEZ, R. (2012). Community-Based Renewable Energy In The Lake District National Park–Local Drivers, Enablers, Barriers, And Solutions. Local Environment, 17(3), 261-280.
  • ANDERSON, D., MOGGRIDGE, H., WARREN, P., & SHUCKSMITH, J. (2015). The Impacts Of ‘Run-Of-River’ Hydropower On The Physical And Ecological Condition Of Rivers. Water and Environment Journal, 29(2), 268-276.
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  • BAUWENS, T., GOTCHEV, B., & HOLSTENKAMP, L. (2016). What Drives The Development Of Community Energy In Europe? The Case Of Wind Power Cooperatives. Energy Research & Social Science, 13, 136-147.
  • BAYAZIT, Y. (2021). The Effect Of Hydroelectric Power Plants On The Carbon Emission: An Example Of Gokcekaya Dam, Turkey. Renewable Energy, 170, 181-187.
  • BERKA, A. L., & CREAMER, E. (2018). Taking Stock Of The Local Impacts Of Community-Owned Renewable Energy: A Review And Research Agenda. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 3400-3419.
  • BOLINGER, M. (2001). Community Wind Power Ownership Schemes in Europe and Their Relevance to the United States (No. LBNL-48357). Berkeley, CA : Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL).
  • BOŠNJAKOVIĆ, M., STOJKOV, M., & JURJEVIĆ, M. (2019). Environmental Impact Of Geothermal Power Plants. Tehnički vjesnik, 26(5), 1515-1522.
  • BUDZIANOWSKI, W. M., & BUDZIANOWSKA, D. A. (2015). Economic Analysis Of Biomethane And Bioelectricity Generation From Biogas Using Different Support Schemes And Plant Configurations. Energy, 88, 658-666.
  • CADUFF, M., HUIJBREGTS, M. A., ALTHAUS, H. J., KOEHLER, A., & HELLWEG, S. (2012). Wind Power Electricity: The Bigger The Turbine, The Greener The Electricity?. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(9), 4725-4733.
  • CREAMER, E., AIKEN, G. T., VAN VEELEN, B., WALKER, G., & DEVINE-WRIGHT, P. (2019). Community Renewable Energy: What Does It Do? Walker And Devine-Wright (2008) Ten Years On. Energy Research & Social Science, 57, 1-6.
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  • DESALEGN, B., GEBEYEHU, D., TAMRAT, B., TADIWOSE, T., & LATA, A. (2023). Onshore Versus Offshore Wind Power Trends And Recent Study Practices In Modeling Of Wind Turbines’ Life-Cycle Impact Assessments. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 17, 1-12.
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  • HICKS, J., & ISON, N. (2011). Community-Owned Renewable Energy (CRE): Opportunities For Rural Australia. Rural Society, 20(3), 244-255.
  • HOFFMAN, S. M., & HIGH-PIPPERT, A. (2010). From Private Lives To Collective Action: Recruitment And Participation Incentives For A Community Energy Program. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7567-7574.
  • IRENA Coalition for Action. (2021). Community Energy Toolkit: Best Practices for Broadening the Ownership of Renewables. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.
  • JACOBSON, M. Z., & DELUCCHI, M. A. (2011). Providing All Global Energy With Wind, Water, And Solar Power, Part I: Technologies, Energy Resources, Quantities And Areas Of Infrastructure, And Materials. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1154-1169.
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DÜNYA’DAKİ ÖRNEK UYGULAMALARI İLE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN TOPLULUK SAHİPLİĞİ YOLUYLA TOPLULUKLARI GÜÇLENDİRMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 261 - 280, 29.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1454348

Öz

Bu çalışma, yerel toplulukların yenilenebilir enerji projelerinde nasıl aktif rol alabileceğini ve bu süreçte toplulukların nasıl güçlendirilebileceğini incelemektedir. Topluluk sahipliği, bireylerin temiz enerji üretimine doğrudan katılarak, yerel olarak yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarını kolektif bir şekilde yönetme ve sahiplenme sürecidir. Bu yaklaşım, çevresel zorunlulukların ötesinde, sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı teşvik ederken enerji güvenliğini artırmayı ve düşük karbonlu bir geleceğe geçişi desteklemeyi amaçlar. Güneş, rüzgâr, biyokütle, jeotermal ve hidroelektrik gibi çeşitli yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları, yerel ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik etme ve çevresel korumaya katkı sağlama fırsatları sunar. Topluluk sahipliği modeli, katılımcı karar alma, yerel katılım ve elde edilen faydaların adil bir şekilde dağıtılması gibi temel ilkelerle hareket eder. Bu model, enerji üretimini demokratikleştirerek yerel toplulukların sosyal ve ekonomik olarak güçlenmesine olanak tanır. Ancak bu modele geçiş, finansman, düzenleyici engeller ve teknik bilgi gibi zorlukları beraberinde getirir. Uygun destek mekanizmaları ve kooperatif modelleri, bu zorlukların üstesinden gelmekte kritik rol oynayarak projelerin başarılı bir şekilde yürütülmesini sağlar. Bu yaklaşım, toplulukların enerji üretimi üzerinde daha fazla kontrol sahibi olmalarını sağlayarak sürdürülebilir enerjiye geçişin hem çevresel hem de sosyoekonomik faydalarını maksimize eder.

Kaynakça

  • ADELAKUN, N. O., & OLANIPEKUN, B. A. (2019). A Review Of Solar Energy. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), 6(12), 11344-11347.
  • AHMED, A., GE, T., PENG, J., YAN, W. C., TEE, B. T., & YOU, S. (2022). Assessment Of The Renewable Energy Generation Towards Net-Zero Energy Buildings: A Review. Energy and Buildings, 256, 1-20.
  • ALDIERI, L., GRAFSTRÖM, J., SUNDSTRÖM, K., & VINCI, C. P. (2019). Wind Power And Job Creation. Sustainability, 12(1), 1-23.
  • ALLEN, J., SHEATE, W. R., & DIAZ-CHAVEZ, R. (2012). Community-Based Renewable Energy In The Lake District National Park–Local Drivers, Enablers, Barriers, And Solutions. Local Environment, 17(3), 261-280.
  • ANDERSON, D., MOGGRIDGE, H., WARREN, P., & SHUCKSMITH, J. (2015). The Impacts Of ‘Run-Of-River’ Hydropower On The Physical And Ecological Condition Of Rivers. Water and Environment Journal, 29(2), 268-276.
  • AYODELE, T. R., & OGUNJUYIGBE, A. S. O. (2015). Mitigation Of Wind Power Intermittency: Storage Technology Approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 447-456.
  • BAUWENS, T., GOTCHEV, B., & HOLSTENKAMP, L. (2016). What Drives The Development Of Community Energy In Europe? The Case Of Wind Power Cooperatives. Energy Research & Social Science, 13, 136-147.
  • BAYAZIT, Y. (2021). The Effect Of Hydroelectric Power Plants On The Carbon Emission: An Example Of Gokcekaya Dam, Turkey. Renewable Energy, 170, 181-187.
  • BERKA, A. L., & CREAMER, E. (2018). Taking Stock Of The Local Impacts Of Community-Owned Renewable Energy: A Review And Research Agenda. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 3400-3419.
  • BOLINGER, M. (2001). Community Wind Power Ownership Schemes in Europe and Their Relevance to the United States (No. LBNL-48357). Berkeley, CA : Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL).
  • BOŠNJAKOVIĆ, M., STOJKOV, M., & JURJEVIĆ, M. (2019). Environmental Impact Of Geothermal Power Plants. Tehnički vjesnik, 26(5), 1515-1522.
  • BUDZIANOWSKI, W. M., & BUDZIANOWSKA, D. A. (2015). Economic Analysis Of Biomethane And Bioelectricity Generation From Biogas Using Different Support Schemes And Plant Configurations. Energy, 88, 658-666.
  • CADUFF, M., HUIJBREGTS, M. A., ALTHAUS, H. J., KOEHLER, A., & HELLWEG, S. (2012). Wind Power Electricity: The Bigger The Turbine, The Greener The Electricity?. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(9), 4725-4733.
  • CREAMER, E., AIKEN, G. T., VAN VEELEN, B., WALKER, G., & DEVINE-WRIGHT, P. (2019). Community Renewable Energy: What Does It Do? Walker And Devine-Wright (2008) Ten Years On. Energy Research & Social Science, 57, 1-6.
  • DAOUDI, M. (2024). Education In Renewable Energies: A Key Factor Of Morocco's 2030 Energy Transition Project. Exploring The Impact On Sdgs And Future Perspectives. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9, 1-11.
  • DESALEGN, B., GEBEYEHU, D., TAMRAT, B., TADIWOSE, T., & LATA, A. (2023). Onshore Versus Offshore Wind Power Trends And Recent Study Practices In Modeling Of Wind Turbines’ Life-Cycle Impact Assessments. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 17, 1-12.
  • Ecochain. The CO₂ Footprint Of Different Energy Sources. https://ecochain.com/blog/the-co%e2%82%82-footprint-of-different-energy-sources/ adresinden alındı (Erişim tarihi 06.06.2024).
  • European Commission. Causes Of Climate Change. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/causes-climate-change_en#:~:text=Burning%20fossil%20fuels%2C%20cutting%20down,greenhouse%20effect%20and%20global%20warming. adresinden alındı (Erişim tarihi 06.06.2024).
  • Energy Innovation Austria. Bioenergy Technology of Tomorrow Pioneering R&D Findings from Austria. https://www.energy-innovation-austria.at/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/eia_01_12_E_FIN.pdf adresinden alındı (Erişim tarihi 22.02.2024).
  • FERNANDEZ, R. (2021). Community Renewable Energy Projects: The Future Of The Sustainable Energy Transition?. The International Spectator, 56(3), 87-104.
  • FROHWITTER, W. (2020). The Feldheim Project: Energy self sufficiency and local added value through. Energiequelle GmbH: PowerPoint Presentations.
  • HICKS, J., & ISON, N. (2011). Community-Owned Renewable Energy (CRE): Opportunities For Rural Australia. Rural Society, 20(3), 244-255.
  • HOFFMAN, S. M., & HIGH-PIPPERT, A. (2010). From Private Lives To Collective Action: Recruitment And Participation Incentives For A Community Energy Program. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7567-7574.
  • IRENA Coalition for Action. (2021). Community Energy Toolkit: Best Practices for Broadening the Ownership of Renewables. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.
  • JACOBSON, M. Z., & DELUCCHI, M. A. (2011). Providing All Global Energy With Wind, Water, And Solar Power, Part I: Technologies, Energy Resources, Quantities And Areas Of Infrastructure, And Materials. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1154-1169.
  • JELLE, B. P., & BREIVIK, C. (2012). State-Of-The-Art Building Integrated Photovoltaics. Energy Procedia, 20, 68-77.
  • JIANG, Z. (2021). Installation Of Offshore Wind Turbines: A Technical Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 139, 1-21.
  • Joanneum Research. “Model Güssing": A Vision Of Energy Self-Sufficiency. Retrieved From https://pocacito.eu/sites/default/files/ModelG%C3%BCssing_G%C3%BCssing.pdf adresinden alındı (Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2024).
  • KOSMADAKIS, G., KARELLAS, S., & KAKARAS, E. (2013). Renewable And Conventional Electricity Generation Systems: Technologies And Diversity Of Energy Systems. In Renewable Energy Governance: Complexities and Challenges (pp. 9-30).
  • KUMAR, M. (2020). Social, Economic, And Environmental Impacts Of Renewable Energy Resources. Kenneth Eloghene Okedu, Ahmed Tahour and Abdel Ghani Aissaou (Eds), içinde, Wind Solar Hybrid Renewable Energy System, (s. 1-11). London: IntechOpen.
  • KUNZE, C., & BECKER, S. (2015). Collective Ownership In Renewable Energy And Opportunities For Sustainable Degrowth. Sustainability Science, 10, 425-437.
  • LI, L. W., BIRMELE, J., SCHAICH, H., & KONOLD, W. (2013). Transitioning To Community-Owned Renewable Energy: Lessons From Germany. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 17, 719-728.
  • LIMBERGER, J., BOXEM, T., PLUYMAEKERS, M., BRUHN, D., MANZELLA, A., CALCAGNO, P., ... & VAN WEES, J. D. (2018). Geothermal Energy In Deep Aquifers: A Global Assessment Of The Resource Base For Direct Heat Utilization. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 961-975.
  • LISBONA, P., PASCUAL, S., & PÉREZ, V. (2023). Waste to Energy: Trends and Perspectives. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, 14, 1-11.
  • LUIS, J., SIDEK, L. M., DESA, M. N. M., & JULIEN, P. Y. (2013, June). Sustainability Of Hydropower As Source Of Renewable And Clean Energy. İçinde IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 012050). IOP Publishing.
  • MAKA, A. O., & ALABID, J. M. (2022). Solar Energy Technology And Its Roles In Sustainable Development. Clean Energy, 6(3), 476-483.
  • MALEKI-DIZAJI, P., DEL BUFALO, N., DI NUCCI, M. R., & KRUG, M. (2020). Overcoming Barriers To The Community Acceptance Of Wind Energy: Lessons Learnt From A Comparative Analysis Of Best Practice Cases Across Europe. Sustainability, 12(9), 3562.
  • MENBERG, K., HEBERLE, F., BOTT, C., BRÜGGEMANN, D., & BAYER, P. (2021). Environmental Performance Of A Geothermal Power Plant Using A Hydrothermal Resource In The Southern German Molasse Basin. Renewable Energy, 167, 20-31.
  • MICHALENA, E., & HILLS, J. M. (Eds.). (2013). Renewable Energy Governance: Complexities and Challenges (Vol. 23). London: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • MUELLER, M., KNOTT, J., PANDER, J., & GEIST, J. (2022). Experimental Comparison Of Fish Mortality And Injuries At Innovative And Conventional Small Hydropower Plants. Journal of Applied Ecology, 59(9), 2360-2372.
  • NIKOLAOS, P. C., MARIOS, F., & DIMITRIS, K. (2023). A Review of Pumped Hydro Storage Systems. Energies, 16(11), 1-39.
  • OLABI, A. G., OBAIDEEN, K., ABDELKAREEM, M. A., ALMALLAHI, M. N., SHEHATA, N., ALAMI, A. H., ... & SAYED, E. T. (2023). Wind Energy Contribution To The Sustainable Development Goals: Case Study On London Array. Sustainability, 15(5), 4641.
  • O'SULLIVAN, M., GRAVATT, M., POPINEAU, J., O'SULLIVAN, J., MANNINGTON, W., & MCDOWELL, J. (2021). Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Geothermal Power Plants. Renewable Energy, 175, 990-1000.
  • PEREA-MORENO, M. A., SAMERÓN-MANZANO, E., & PEREA-MORENO, A. J. (2019). Biomass As Renewable Energy: Worldwide Research Trends. Sustainability, 11(3), 1-19.
  • PILLAN, M., COSTA, F., & CAIOLA, V. (2023). How Could People And Communities Contribute To The Energy Transition? Conceptual Maps To Inform, Orient, And Inspire Design Actions And Education. Sustainability, 15(19), 1-31.
  • Renewable Energy Installer & Specifier. (2023). Latest Developments In Solar PV: Which Are The Game Changers? https://www.renewableenergyinstaller.co.uk/2023/10/latest-developments-in-solar-pv-which-are-the-game-changers/ adresinden alındı (Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2024).
  • Samsø Renewable Energy Island. https://www.visitsamsoe.dk/en/inspiration/energy-academy/ adresinden alındı (Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2024).
  • SATO, T., KAMMEN, D. M., DUAN, B., MACUHA, M., ZHOU, Z., WU, J., ... & ASFAW, S. A. (2015). Smart Grid Standards: Specifications, Requirements, And Technologies. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons.
  • SCHEIDEL, A., & SORMAN, A. H. (2012). Energy Transitions And The Global Land Rush: Ultimate Drivers And Persistent Consequences. Global Environmental Change, 22(3), 588-595.
  • SHAHBAZ, M., ALNOUSS, A., GHIAT, I., MCKAY, G., MACKEY, H., ELKHALIFA, S., & AL-ANSARI, T. (2021). A Comprehensive Review Of Biomass-Based Thermochemical Conversion Technologies Integrated With CO2 Capture And Utilisation Within BECCS Networks. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 173, 1-25.
  • SOMMERFELDT, N., & MUYINGO, H. (2015). Lessons In Community Owned PV From Swedish Multi-Family Housing Cooperatives. İçinde 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Hamburg, September 14-18, 2015 (pp. 2745-2750).
  • SENDEGEYA, A. M., & CHIGUVARE, Z. (2016). The Role Of Academia In Capacity Building For Sustainable Energy Development: The Case Of Namibia. Energy Procedia, 93, 218-222.
  • STEFANSSON, V. (2000, May). The Renewability Of Geothermal Energy. İçinde Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2000 (pp. 883-888).
  • STRACHAN, P. A., COWELL, R., ELLIS, G., SHERRY-BRENNAN, F., & TOKE, D. (2015). Promoting Community Renewable Energy In A Corporate Energy World. Sustainable Development, 23(2), 96-109.
  • TEFF-SEKER, Y., BERGER-TAL, O., LEHNARDT, Y., & TESCHNER, N. (2022). Noise Pollution From Wind Turbines And Its Effects On Wildlife: A Cross-National Analysis Of Current Policies And Planning Regulations. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 168, 1-9.
  • TESTER, J. W., BECKERS, K. F., HAWKINS, A. J., & LUKAWSKI, M. Z. (2021). The Evolving Role Of Geothermal Energy For Decarbonizing The United States. Energy & Environmental Science, 14(12), 6211-6241.
  • University of California, Berkeley. (2024). Burning Of Fossil Fuels. https://ugc.berkeley.edu/background-content/burning-of-fossil-fuels/ adresinden alındı (Erişim tarihi: 06.06.2024).
  • United Nations Climate Change. Samsø: An Island Community Pointing to the Future | Denmark. https://unfccc.int/climate-action/un-global-climate-action-awards/climate-leaders/samso?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiAi6uvBhADEiwAWiyRdhG-VTdeqJ6ZN_BksnqFWtF4ifCJvOCyv5kIiqh-UjOf_RJEcAD6AhoCSw4QAvD_BwE adresinden alındı (Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2024).
  • United Nations, Renewable energy – powering a safer future. https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy adresinden alındı (Erişim tarihi: 06.06.2024).
  • VARNAGIRYTĖ-KABAŠINSKIENĖ, I., LUKMINĖ, D., MIZARAS, S., BENIUŠIENĖ, L., & ARMOLEITIS, K. (2019). Lithuanian Forest Biomass Resources: Legal, Economic, And Ecological Aspects Of Their Use And Potential. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 9(1), 1-19.
  • WALKER, G. (2008). What Are The Barriers And Incentives For Community-Owned Means Of Energy Production And Use? Energy Policy, 36(12), 4401-4405.
  • WALKER, G., & DEVINE-WRIGHT, P. (2008). Community Renewable Energy: What Should It Mean? Energy Policy, 36(2), 497-500.
  • WALKER, G., DEVINE-WRIGHT, P., HUNTER, S., HIGH, H., & EVANS, B. (2010). Trust And Community: Exploring The Meanings, Contexts, And Dynamics Of Community Renewable Energy. Energy Policy, 38(6), 2655-2663.
  • WANG, X., GUO, P., & HUANG, X. (2011). A Review Of Wind Power Forecasting Models. Energy Procedia, 12, 770-778.
  • XU, Y., PEI, J., YUAN, J., & ZHAO, G. (2022). Concentrated Solar Power: Technology, Economy Analysis, And Policy Implications In China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 1324-1337.
  • , Ö. (2014). Financing Renewable Energy Infrastructures Via Financial Citizen Participation–The Case Of Germany. Renewable Energy, 68, 677-685.
  • YILDIZ, Ö., ROMMEL, J., DEBOR, S., HOLSTENKAMP, L., MEY, F., MÜLLER, J. R., ... & ROGNLI, J. (2015). Renewable Energy Cooperatives As Gatekeepers Or Facilitators? Recent Developments In Germany And A Multidisciplinary Research Agenda. Energy Research & Social Science, 6, 59-73.
  • YILMAZ, C. (2020). Improving Performance And Thermoeconomic Optimization Of An Existing Binary Geothermal Power Plant: A Case Study. Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi, 40(1), 37-51.
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İktisat Sosyolojisi, İşletme
Bölüm SOSYAL VE BEŞERİ BİLİMLER
Yazarlar

Göktürk Kalkan 0000-0003-3631-8179

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 11 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kalkan, G. (2024). DÜNYA’DAKİ ÖRNEK UYGULAMALARI İLE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN TOPLULUK SAHİPLİĞİ YOLUYLA TOPLULUKLARI GÜÇLENDİRMESİ. Stratejik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(2), 261-280. https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1454348
AMA Kalkan G. DÜNYA’DAKİ ÖRNEK UYGULAMALARI İLE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN TOPLULUK SAHİPLİĞİ YOLUYLA TOPLULUKLARI GÜÇLENDİRMESİ. ssad. Temmuz 2024;8(2):261-280. doi:10.30692/sisad.1454348
Chicago Kalkan, Göktürk. “DÜNYA’DAKİ ÖRNEK UYGULAMALARI İLE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN TOPLULUK SAHİPLİĞİ YOLUYLA TOPLULUKLARI GÜÇLENDİRMESİ”. Stratejik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2024): 261-80. https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1454348.
EndNote Kalkan G (01 Temmuz 2024) DÜNYA’DAKİ ÖRNEK UYGULAMALARI İLE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN TOPLULUK SAHİPLİĞİ YOLUYLA TOPLULUKLARI GÜÇLENDİRMESİ. Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8 2 261–280.
IEEE G. Kalkan, “DÜNYA’DAKİ ÖRNEK UYGULAMALARI İLE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN TOPLULUK SAHİPLİĞİ YOLUYLA TOPLULUKLARI GÜÇLENDİRMESİ”, ssad, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 261–280, 2024, doi: 10.30692/sisad.1454348.
ISNAD Kalkan, Göktürk. “DÜNYA’DAKİ ÖRNEK UYGULAMALARI İLE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN TOPLULUK SAHİPLİĞİ YOLUYLA TOPLULUKLARI GÜÇLENDİRMESİ”. Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8/2 (Temmuz 2024), 261-280. https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1454348.
JAMA Kalkan G. DÜNYA’DAKİ ÖRNEK UYGULAMALARI İLE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN TOPLULUK SAHİPLİĞİ YOLUYLA TOPLULUKLARI GÜÇLENDİRMESİ. ssad. 2024;8:261–280.
MLA Kalkan, Göktürk. “DÜNYA’DAKİ ÖRNEK UYGULAMALARI İLE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN TOPLULUK SAHİPLİĞİ YOLUYLA TOPLULUKLARI GÜÇLENDİRMESİ”. Stratejik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 261-80, doi:10.30692/sisad.1454348.
Vancouver Kalkan G. DÜNYA’DAKİ ÖRNEK UYGULAMALARI İLE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN TOPLULUK SAHİPLİĞİ YOLUYLA TOPLULUKLARI GÜÇLENDİRMESİ. ssad. 2024;8(2):261-80.

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