Yaşlılarda Bası Yaraları ve Beslenme Tedavisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 387 - 397, 16.09.2019

Rümeysa Yeniçağ , Neslişah Rakıcıoğlu

Öz

Bası yaraları, baskı veya sıkıştırma sonucu
genelde kemik çıkıntısının üzerinde bulunan deri ve/veya dokunun hasarıdır.
Yaşlılar bası yarası gelişim riski bakımından en riskli gruptur. Bası yaraları;
istenmeyen ağırlık kaybı, besin öğelerinin yetersiz alımı ve düşük beden kütle
indeksi (<18.5 kg/m²) ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Yaşlılarda bası
yarası oluşum riskini en aza indirmek için günlük 30-35 kkal/kg enerji, 1.2-1.5
g/kg protein ve 1 mL/kkal sıvı alınması önemlidir. Arjinin ve glutamin gibi
spesifik aminoasit suplemantasyonlarının bası yarasının iyileşmesini
hızlandırabileceği düşünülmektedir. Yaşlılarda bası yararlarının önlenmesinde
ve tedavisinde sadece diyetle alımı az olan veya besin öğesi yetersizliği olan vitamin
ve mineral suplemantasyonu önerilmelidir. Bası yarası iyileşmeyen bireyin besin
öğesi gereksinimleri oral olarak karşılanamıyorsa, enteral veya paranteral
beslenme desteği düşünülmelidir. Ancak, tüple beslenme uygulanacağı durumlarda,
riskler ve bireyde ulaşılması düşünülen hedefler iyi değerlendirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yaşlı, bası yaraları, beslenme, malnütrisyon

Pressure Ulcers and Nutritional Treatment in Older Adults

Öz

Pressure ulcer is a skin or/and tissue injury
usually over a bone prominence as a result of pressure or shear. Older adults
are the most risky group for pressure ulcer development. Pressure ulcers are
associated with undesired weight loss, inadequate nutrient intake and low body
mass index (<18.5kg/m²). It is important to take daily at least
30-35 kkal/kg energy, 1.2-1.5g/kg protein and 1mL/kkal fluid to minimize the
risk of pressure ulcers in older adults. Specific amino acid supplements such
as arginine and glutamin are thought to accelerate healing of pressure ulcer. Vitamins
and mineral supplements should only be offered to the older people who have
poor dietary intake or have a nutrient deficiency for prevention and treatment
of pressure ulsers. If the nutrient requirements of the individual having
unhealed wound are not met orally, enteral or parenteral nutrition should be
considered. However, when feeding with tube, risks and targets to be reached in
the individual should be good evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

elderly, pressure ulcers, nutrition, malnutrition

Kaynakça

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