NEOLİBERAL YÖNETİMSELLİKTE ÖZNELLİK ÜZERİNE SOSYO-POLİTİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Bu makale, liberalizmden neoliberalizme sosyo-politik değişimleri izleyerek Foucault'nun yönetimselliğinde neoliberal öznelliği keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Foucaultcu teorinin yeniliğine paralel olarak, bu makale piyasa toplumunu anlamak için neoliberal öznelliğin sosyo-politik bileşenlerine yeni bir ışık tutmaya çalışmaktadır. Bunu yapmak için, norm dayatması altında farklı öznellikler arasındaki kapsayıcı ve dışlayıcı pratikleri ve müdahaleleri ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlayan bir perspektif geliştirmek, biyopolitik enstrümanları ve araçları Foucaultcu teknolojiler olarak belirlemek çok önemlidir. Bu makalenin analizi, nihayetinde neoliberal devlet yönetiminin neomuhafazakarlık adına çağdaş siyasi unsurların gösterdiği kritik bir noktayı işaret etmektedir. Dahası, neoliberalizmin bu yeni muhafazakar güdüleri, kendi kendini yönetebilen özneler ve ideal özne-vatandaş üretmek için piyasa toplumunun ihtiyaçları ile el ele gider. Bu makalenin sonunda, neomuhafazakarlık ve neoliberalizm üzerine yapılan tartışmalar, günümüz neoliberal iktidarın söylemsel uygulamalarıyla ilgili temel kavram ve terimleri tanımlamanın teorik ve sosyolojik bir olanağına işaret etmektedir. Belirlenen bu siyasi gündemler, toplumdaki birey ve grupları, milletlerin ortak iyiliği için daha sorumlu ve sadık vatandaşlar olmaya yönlendirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• biyosiyaset
• yönetimsellik
• neoliberalizm
• neomuhafazakarlık
• öznellik

A SOCIO-POLITICAL EVALUATION ON THE SUBJECTIVITY IN THE NEOLIBERAL GOVERNMENTALITY

Öz

This paper aims to explore neoliberal subjectivity in Foucault’s governmentality by tracking the socio-political changes from liberalism to neoliberalism. In parallel with the novelty of Foucauldian theory, this paper attempts to shed new light on socio-political components of neoliberal subjectivity in order to understand the market-society. To do this, it is crucial to pinpoint biopolitical instruments and tools as Foucauldian technologies in order to develop a perspective in aiming to unfold inclusionary and exclusionary practices and interventions between different subjectivities under norm imposition. The analysis of this paper eventually intends to arrive at a critical point on which neoliberal governmentality shows contemporary political elements in the name of neoconservatism. Moreover, these new conservative motives of neoliberalism go hand in hand with the needs of market-society in order to produce self-governable subjects and ideal subject-citizens. By the end of this paper, the debates on neoconservatism and neoliberalism point to a theoretical and sociological possibility to describe basic concepts and terms related to today’s discursive practices of neoliberal power. These determined political agendas lead the individual and groups of the population to be more responsible and loyal citizens for the common good of the nations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• biopolitics
• governmentality
• neoliberalism
• neoconservatism
• subjectivity

Kaynakça

1. Brown, W. (2003) ‘Neoliberalism and the End of Liberal Democracy’, Theory&Event 7:1, 1-25 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v007/7.1brown.html
2. Brown, W. (2006), ‘American Nightmare: Neoliberalism, Neoconservatism, and De-Democratization’, Political Theory, 34:6:690-714.
3. Bröckling, U. (2012) ‘The Subject in the Marketplace, the Subject as Marketplace’, Presentation at the Conference “The Marketisation of Society: Economizing the Economic”, University of Bremen: 1-14.
4. Burchell, G. (1996) “Liberal Government and Techniques of the Self” in Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-liberalism and Rationalities of Government, Ed. A.Barry, T.Osborne, N.Rose, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press
5. Dardot,P. and Laval, C. (2013), The Way of the World: On Neoliberal Society, tarns.Gregory Elliott, London and New York: Verso.
6. Dean, M. (2002) ‘Liberal Government and Authoritarianism’, Economy and Society, 31:1, 37-61, DOI: 10.1080/03085140120109240 Deleuze, G. (1992) ‘Postscript on the Societies of Control’, October, Vol.59:3-7.
7. Donzelot, J. (2008) ‘Michel Foucault and Liberal Intelligence’, Economy and Society, 37:1, 115-134
8. Foucault, M. (1988) “Politics and Reason” in Michel Foucault: Politics, Philosophy, Culture (Interviews and Other Writings 1977-1984), A.Sheridan and the others (trans),New York: Routledge, Chapman & Hall

9. Foucault, M. (1995) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison, A.Sheridan (trans), New York: Vintage Books
10. Foucault, M. (1997) “Technologies of the self” in Ethics: Essentials Works of Foucault 1954-1984 Volume One. Ed. P. Rabinow, R. Hurley and the others (trans), New York: The New Press, 223-252.
11. Foucault, M. (1998) History of Sexuality: The Will to Knowledge, Volume 1, R.Hurley (trans.), London: Penguin Books
12. Foucault, M. (2001a) “The Subject and Power” in Power: Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984 Volume Three, Ed. J.D. Faubion, New York: New York Press
13. Foucault, M. (2001b) “The Political Technology of Individuals” in Power: Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984 Volume Three, Ed. J.D. Faubion, New York: New York Press
14. Foucault, M. (2001c) “Governmentality” in Power: Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984 Volume Three, Ed. J.D. Faubion, New York: New York Press
15. Foucault, M. (2003) Society must be Defended, D. Macey (trans.), London: Penguin Books
16. Foucault, M. (2007) Security Territory Population Lectures at the College de France 1977–1978, G. Burchell (trans.), New York: Palgrave Macmillan Foucault, M. (2008) Birth of Biopolitics, G. Burchell (trans.), New York: Palgrave Macmillan
17. Gambetti, Z. (2012) ‘Foucault’dan Agamben’e Olağanüstü Halin Sıradanlığına Dair Bir Yanıt Denemesi’, Cogito, Sayı: 70-71, 21-38 Hartmann, M. and Honneth, A. (2006) ‘Paradoxes of Capitalism’, Constellations 13: 1,pp. 41-58.
18. Heyes, C.J. (2007), Self-Transformations: Foucault, Ethics, and Normalized Bodies, Oxford University Press.
19. Hormer-Nadesan M. (2008), Governmentality, Biopower, and Everyday Life, New York and London: Routledge.
20. Lemke, T. (2001) ‘The Birth of Biopolitics’: Michel Foucault’s Lecture at the College de France on Neo-liberal Governmentality’, Economy and Society, 30:2, 190-207
21. Lemke, T. (2007) ‘An Indigestible Meal? Foucault, Governmentality and State Theory’, Distinktion: Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory, 8:2, 43-64.
22. McNay, L. (2009) ‘Self as Enterprise: Dilemmas of Control and Resistance in Foucault’s The Birth of Biopolitic’, Theory, Culture &Society, 26:6:55-77
23. Rose, N. and Miller: (1992) ‘Political Power beyond the State: Problematics of Government’, The British Journal of Sociology, 43:2, 173-205
24. Rose, N. (2000) ‘Government and Control’, British Journal of Criminology, 40:2, 321–39.
25. Rose, N. and Miller: (2008) Governing the Present: Aministering Economic,Social and Personal Life, Polity Press
26. Senellart, M. (2008) “Course Context” in M. Foucault’s Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the College de France 1978–1979, G. Burchell (trans.), New York: Palgrave Macmillan