Rasyonel Piyasaların Ötesinde: David Graeber’in Ekonomik Antropolojiyi Yeniden Tasavvuru

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 57, 141 - 158, 30.12.2025

Van Ha Luong Thi

https://doi.org/10.70854/sobbiad.1763970

Öz

Bu makale, David Graeber’in ekonomik antropoloji teorilerine yaptığı dönüştürücü katkıları ve bunların çağdaş ekonomik felsefe üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Graeber’in çalışmaları, borç, değer ve emek üzerine olan geleneksel anlatılara yönelik kapsamlı eleştirileri aracılığıyla neoklasik iktisat çerçevelerine köklü bir meydan okuma teşkil etmektedir. Etnografik araştırmalarından ve kuramsal içgörülerinden yola çıkan bu analiz, Graeber’in “insani olanaklar antropolojisi”nin ekonomik faaliyetleri, izole edilmiş rasyonel işlemlerden ziyade karmaşık toplumsal ilişkiler ve kültürel bağlamlar içinde gömülü olarak yeniden çerçevelediğini göstermektedir. “Borç: İlk 5000 Yıl”, “Değere Doğru: Bir Antropolojik Teoriye Doğru” ve “Saçma İşler” gibi temel eserleri inceleyerek, Graeber’in akademik çalışmalarının, insan deneyimi ve toplumsal örgütlenmenin çeşitliliğini daha iyi yansıtan ekonomik sistemleri yeniden tasavvur etmek için önemli metodolojik ve kuramsal araçlar sunduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Makale, Graeber’in ekonomik antropoloji teorisinin, ekonomik davranışları anlamakta daha ayrıntılı ve toplumsal bağlamlarla bütünleşmiş yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine olanak sağladığını ileri sürmektedir. Aynı zamanda bu teori, insan ihtiyaçlarını, değerlerini ve yetkinliklerini daha gerçekçi biçimde yansıtan ekonomik düzenlemelerin tasavvur edilmesi konusunda bir davet niteliği taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

David Graeber , Ekonomi , Ekonomik Antropoloji , Ekonomik Teoriler , İşgücü

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırma, kamuya açık ikincil verilere dayanmaktadır ve insan katılımcıları içermemektedir. Bu nedenle etik onay gerekli değildir.

Beyond Rational Markets: David Graeber’s Reimagining of Economic Anthropology

Öz

This paper explores David Graeber’s transformative contributions to economic anthropology theories and their implications for contemporary economic philosophy. Graeber's work represents a fundamental challenge to neoclassical economic frameworks through his comprehensive critique of conventional narratives about debt, value, and work. Drawing on his ethnographic research and theoretical insights, this analysis demonstrates how Graeber’s “anthropology of human possibilities” reframes economic activities as embedded within complex social relationships and cultural contexts, rather than isolated rational transactions. By examining Graeber’s key works, including “Debt: The First 5,000 Years”, “Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value”, and “Bullshit Jobs”, this paper argues that his scholarship offers crucial methodological and theoretical tools for reimagining economic systems that better reflect the diversity of human experience and social organization. The paper concludes that Graeber's theory of economic anthropology provides a foundation for developing more nuanced, socially embedded approaches to understanding economic behavior, challenging us to envision economic arrangements that better reflect human needs, values, and capacities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

David Graeber , Economy , Economic Anthropology , Economic Theories , Labour

Etik Beyan

This research is based on publicly available secondary data and does not involve human participants. Therefore, no ethical approval was required.

Kaynakça

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