Turizmin Gerçekliğini Açığa Çıkarmak: Tanrısal bir Armağan, Hayali bir Uçuş, Neoliberal Manipülasyon yoksa Karabasan mı? - 2

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3, 747 - 778

Atila Yuksel

https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.1590571

Öz

Turizm, modern dünyada ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel boyutlarıyla önemli bir olgu haline gelmiştir. Ancak bu geniş kapsamlı önemi, turizm araştırmalarında çoğunlukla tek boyutlu ve yanlı yaklaşımlarla ele alınmaktadır. Turizm araştırmacılarının, inceledikleri fenomenle ontolojik bir birlik kurmaktan uzak olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Çoğu araştırma, tatil deneyimini ve turizm olgusunu bütüncül bir şekilde anlamaya çalışmaktan çok, bu olguyu yüceltici bir tavırla yalnızca işletmecilik açısından olumlu yönlerini öne çıkarmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, yalnızca yayınlanabilir sonuçlar üretmeye odaklanan ve değişkenler arası korelasyonlara hapsolan bir araştırma paradigmasını beslemektedir. Serinin ikinci makalesinde, turist deneyimi ve turizmi konu edinen turizm araştırmalarının eleştirel bir değerlendirmesi yapılacak, ekonomik perspektifin hakimiyetinin ve COVID-19 pandemisinin turizm araştırmalarında paradigmatik bir dönüşüm gerekliliğini ortaya koyduğu savunulacaktır.
Turizm araştırmaları, sıklıkla değişkenler arası ilişkilerin istatistiksel korelasyonlarını incelemekle sınırlı kalmaktadır. Bu "kolerasyonalizm" olarak tanımlanabilecek yaklaşım, turizmi derinlemesine anlamayı engelleyen bir araştırma döngüsü yaratmaktadır. Kolerasyonalizm, varyans dünyasından bir türlü çıkamayan araştırmacıların konuya olgusal (değişkenler arası korelasyon) bakmakla yetinmelerine, gerçek neden-sonuç ilişkilerini ortaya koymaktan çok, yüzeysel bağlantılara odaklanma ve turizmin karmaşık doğasını kavramakta yetersiz kalmalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu yöntemsel sınır, turizmin teorik temellerine katkıda bulunmamakta ve pratikteki sorunları çözmekten uzak kalmaktadır. Örneğin, turist deneyimlerinin yalnızca "mutluluk" veya "tatmin" düzeyleri üzerinden incelenmesi, bu deneyimlerin kültürel, psikolojik ve sosyolojik boyutlarını göz ardı etmektedir. Araştırmalarda sıklıkla kullanılan standartlaştırılmış anketler ve nicel analiz yöntemleri ya da nicelleşmiş nitel çalışma, turizmin bireysel ve toplumsal etkilerini anlamada derinlikten yoksundur. Bu yaklaşım, turizmi anlamaktan ziyade, yalnızca mevcut pratiklere dayalı olarak geçici (palyatif) ve anlamsız bulgular üretmekte ve bu sonuçlar, sektörel veya akademik anlamda uzun vadeli bir değer yaratmamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

TURİZM, TURİZM ARAŞTIRMASI, TATİL DENEYİMİ, ONTOLOJİK AÇILIM

Kaynakça

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