YAŞLANMADA BELLEK YANILMASI VE BİLİŞSEL TEMELLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DERLEME

Öz

Bellek yanılması, hiç yaşanmayan bir olayın yaşanmış gibi ya da gerçekten yaşanan bir olayın olduğundan farklı şekilde hatırlanması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Mevcut derleme çalışmasının amacı, yaşlanma ve bu süreçte sıklıkla karşılaşılan Hafif Bilişsel Bozukluk (HBB) ve Alzheimer Tipi Demans (ATD) ile bellek yanılması arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu amaçla mevcut çalışmada sağlıklı ileri yetişkinler, HBB ve ATD hastalarını bellek yanılması açısından karşılaştıran alanyazındaki çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Kodlama ve geri çağırma süreçlerinde olduğu gibi bellek yanılması üzerinde de medial temporal lob ve frontal korteksin etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Bu beyin bölgelerinde yaşlanma ve bu sürece eşlik eden HBB ve ATD gibi nörolojik hastalıklarda gözlemlenen yetersizliklerin, bellek yanılmalarının oluşumu üzerinde etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca bellek yanılması açısından bu üç grup (sağlıklı ileri yetişkinler, HBB, ATD) arasında görülen farklılıklar; kodlama, geri çağırma ya da izleme süreçlerine atfedilerek açıklanmaktadır. Son olarak alanyazında bu konuda yürütülen çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar ve bunlara getirilen açıklamalar, Aktivasyon-İzleme Teorisi ve Belirsiz İz Teorisi çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bellek yanılması
• yaşlanma
• hafif bilişsel bozukluk
• alzheimer tipi demans

A Review on False Memory in Aging and Its Cognitive Foundations

Öz

False memory refers to the recollection of an event that did not occur, or the recollection of an event that occurred differently from how it actually happened. The aim of the present review is to examine the relationship between false memory and aging and the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Dementia of Alzheimer-type (DAT) that are frequently encountered in this process. For this purpose, the current study reviewed studies in the literature comparing healthy older adults, MCI, and DAT patients in terms of false memory. As in encoding and retrieval processes, the medial temporal lobe and frontal cortex seem to be effective on false memory. Studies have demonstrated that the deficits observed in these brain regions across aging, as well as in neurological conditions such as MCI and DAT, may have an impact on the formation of false memories. In addition, the differences observed between these three groups (healthy older adults, MCI, DAT) in terms of false memories are explained by attributing them to encoding, retrieval or monitoring processes. Finally, the results obtained from the studies conducted in the literature on this subject and the explanations brought to them are discussed within the framework of the Activation-Monitoring Theory and the Fuzzy Trace Theory.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• false memory
• aging
• mild cognitive impairment
• dementia of alzheimer-type

Kaynakça

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