BABY DOE VAKASI ÖZELİNDE ENGELLİ YENİDOĞANLARA DAİR ETİK SORUNLARIN TARİHİ

Öz

Bu makale engelli yenidoğanların yaşam haklarına ilişkin ABD’de ortaya çıkan etik tartışmaları ve bu tartışmaların hukuk alanındaki karşılıklarını tarihselleştirmektedir. 1970’li yıllardan önce yenidoğanların tedavileri ve engelli yenidoğanlarla ilgili alınacak tıbbi kararlar, özel alanın bir parçası kabul edilerek aile ve hekimlerin inisiyatifine teslim edilmişken; bu tarihten itibaren siyasal ortamın değişmesi, kişi haklarına yönelik tartışmaların zenginleşmesi ve sağlık teknolojisinin gelişmesiyle beraber yenidoğan uzmanları ve yasa koyucular da ne yapabileceklerini ve ne yapmaları gerektiği üzerinde düşünmeye başlamışlardır. 1980’li yıllara gelindiğinde; Baby Doe ve Baby Jane Doe olarak adlandırılan ve ağır engellerle doğan iki bebeğin yaşam hakkına yönelik ortaya atılan fikirler CAPTA adı verilen çocuk istismarını önleme yasasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu yasaya göre yenidoğanın yaşam hakkı savunulmuş ve bunun istisnaları belirlenmiştir. Böylelikle “boşuna tedavi” kavramı tıp hukukunun ve etiğinin önemli bir parçası haline gelmiş ve tıbbi karar almanın belirleyici unsuru olmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tıp etiği,Baby Doe Vakası,Yaşam hakkı,Boşuna tedavi,en yüksek fayda ilkesi

The Case of Baby Doe and the Hıstory of Ethical Questions on Disabled Newborns

Öz

This article reviews ethical debates in the U.S. concerning the right to life of newborns with disabilities and the appertaining legal debates. While medical treatments for newborns and newborns with disabilities were considered to be part of the private field and handed over to the initiative of the family and physicians prior to the 1970s; from this date on, with the change of the political environment, the enrichment of the debate on the rights of individuals, and the development of health technology, professionals of the domain of neonatology as well as legislators have begun to think about what they should do, as well as what they can do. With the 1980s, the ideas rose about the right to life of two babies, known as Baby Doe and Baby Jane Doe, born with severe disabilities, brought with it the law on the prevention of child abuse, called CAPTA. With this law, the right to life of the newborn has been defended and exceptions have been determined. Thus, the concept of "futile treatment" has become an important part of medical law and ethics, and has become a decisive factor in medical decision-making.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• medical ethics,Baby Doe case,right to life,futile treatment,best interest principle

Kaynakça

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