Fishery Activities in the Byzantine Period and Fish Species in Mosaics

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 35, 527 - 554, 31.07.2018

Filiz İnanan , Burak Evren İnanan

https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.399341

Öz

In many civilizations, food provided by water sources is one of
nutritional sources for human. Different fish species and water products such
as lobster, crab, octopus and snail were caught with nets, harpoons and baskets
covered by leaves and branches in the Byzantine Era. Activities of fishermen in
the guild system, organization of the fish markets, competition and the impact
of the individual enterprise are available. Both fish and some sea animals were
used not just in the Byzantine cuisine but also in mining, pottery and textiles
as well as in mosaics as a religious symbol. Considering the fisheries
activities during the Byzantine period, the current study revealed that feeding
fish in garden pools in Byzantium reflected to the aquarium fishery in today's
context. Furthermore the effort on keeping the fish together improved feeding
techniques, and supported the fundamental principles of aquaculture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Byzantium, guild system, fisheries, fish, tunny fish

BİZANS DÖNEMİNDE BALIKÇILIK AKTİVİTELERİ VE MOZAİKLERDE GÖRÜLEN BALIK TÜRLERİ

Öz

Birçok
uygarlıkta, insan yaşamının önemli besin kaynaklarının bir bölümü deniz, göl ve
akarsulardan sağlanmıştır. Bizans döneminde de, farklı türdeki balıklar ve
ıstakoz, yengeç, ahtapot, salyangoz gibi diğer su ürünlerinin ağ, zıpkın,
yaprak ve dallardan örülen sepetlerle yakalanmaktadır. Tutulan balıkların
toptan ve perakende satışlarının ayrıntıları çok bilinmemekle birlikte, balık
türlerinin fiyatları arasında fark bulunduğu kayıtlıdır. Ayrıca, balıkçıların
faaliyetleri, marketlerin işleyiş biçimi, rekabet ortamının durumu,
organizasyonların düzenlenişi, bireysel girişimlerin kurumlara etkisi gibi
konular hakkındaki bilgilere ulaşılabilmektedir. Balık ve bazı deniz
canlılarının Bizans sofrası dışında maden, seramik ve tekstil atölyelerinde
farklı biçimlerde kullanıldığı, bazen dini sembol, bazen balıkçılık
faaliyetleri içinde mozaik betimlerde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bizans
döneminde balıkçılık faaliyetleri ile balığın farklı alanlardaki kullanımları
konusunda bir değerlendiren bu çalışma ile Bizans dönemindeki bahçe
havuzlarında beslenen balık türlerinin günümüzde akvaryum balıkçılığına
yansıdığı saptanmaktadır. Ayrıca, avlanan balık türleri dışında balıkların bir
arada tutularak yemleme tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi, günümüzdeki balık
yetiştiriciliği temel prensipleri ile örtüştüğü tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bizans, lonca sistemi, balıkçılık, balık, palamut

Kaynakça

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