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TRAFİK DENEYİMLERİ VE DÜZEN SÖYLEMİ İÇİNDEN İSTANBUL’U ÜRETMEK

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 38, 497 - 523, 31.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.609673

Öz

İstanbul’un gündelik hayatını biçimlendiren önemli
etkenlerden biri trafik. Trafikte geçirilen zamandan çoğu zaman “boş” ya da
“kayıp” olarak söz ediliyor. Oysa hareketlilik çalışmaları, kültürel coğrafya
ve kent antropolojisinin de bize anlattığı gibi zaman/mekânlar aslında boş
değil. İçlerindeki deneyimler sayesinde sürekli yeniden üretiliyorlar, yani,
boş olmaktan uzak üretken mevhumlar. Bu yazıda, bir yıl devam eden etnografik
çalışmama dayanarak, İstanbul trafiği zaman/mekânının ve buradan hareketle de
İstanbul kentinin düzen söylemi ve özellikle de idealize edilen Avrupai bir
düzen ekseninde, üretilme süreçlerini ve dinamiklerini anlatıyorum. Gündelik
hayatın sıradanlığı ve olağanlığı içinden kent ve kentlilik tahayyülünün nasıl
biçimlendiğini ve bu biçimlenmeyi anlamlandıran tarihselliği inceliyorum.
 

Kaynakça

  • Ahıska, Meltem (2005). Radyonun Sihirli Kapısı: Garbiyatçılık ve Politik Öznellik. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Ahmad, Feroz (1993). The Making of Modern Turkey. Londra: Routledge.
  • Aşan, Cemal (2019). “Van’da Düzensiz Göçmenleri Taşıyan Minibüs Şarampole Devrildi: 17 Ölü”. Anadolu Ajansı, 18 Temmuz. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/vanda-duzensiz-gocmenleri-tasiyan-minibus-sarampole-devrildi-17-olu/1535094 (Erişim: 21.08.2019)
  • Augé, Marc (1995). Non-Places. Londra: Verso.
  • Babül, Elif (2012). “Training Bureaucrats, Practicing for Europe: Negotiating Bureaucratic Authority and Governmental Legitimacy in Turkey”. Political and Legal Anthropology Review, C. 35, S. 1, s. 30-52.
  • Bartu Candan, Ayfer ve Biray Kolluoğlu (2008). “Emerging Spaces of Neoliberalism: A Gated Town and a Public Housing Project in Istanbul”. New Perspectives on Turkey, C. 39, s. 5-46.
  • Bartu Candan, Ayfer ve Cenk Özbay (2014). Yeni İstanbul Çalışmaları: Sınırlar, Mücadeleler, Açılımlar. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Bishara, Amahl (2015). “Driving while Palestinian in Israel and the West Bank: The Politics of Disorientation and the Routes of a Subaltern Knowledge”. American Ethnologist, C. 42, S. 1, s. 33-54.
  • Bora, Tanıl (2017). Cereyanlar: Türkiye’de Siyasî İdeolojiler. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Böhm, Steffen vd. (Der.) (2006). Against Automobility. Malden: Blackwell.
  • Cresswell, Tim (2006). On the Move: Mobility in the Modern Western World. New York: Routledge.
  • Czeglédy, André (2004). “Getting Around Town: Transportation and the Built Environment in Post-apartheid South Africa”. City & Society, C. 16, S. 2, s. 63-92.
  • Dalakoglou, Dimitris (2010). “The Road: An Ethnography of the Albanian-Greek Cross-Border Motorway”. American Ethnologist, C. 37, S. 1, s. 132-149.
  • Dalakoglou, Dimitris ve Penny Harvey (2012). “Roads and Anthropology: Ethnographic Perspectives on Space, Time and (Im)Mobility”. Mobilities, C. 7, S. 4, s. 459-465.
  • Dawson, Andrew (2015). “The Road to Srebrenica: Automobility and Belonging in a Post-socialist/war Milieu”. Anthropological Notebooks, C. 21, S. 2, s. 5-25.
  • Dawson, Andrew (2017). “Why Marx was a Bad Driver: Alienation to Sensuality in the Anthropology of Automobility”. Advances in Anthropology, C. 7, s. 1-16.
  • Edensor, Tim (2008). “Mundane Hauntings: Commuting Through the Phantasmagoric Working-Class Spaces of Manchester, England”. Cultural Geographies, C. 15, S. 3, s. 313-333.
  • Featherstone, Mike (2004). “Automobilities: An Introduction”. Theory, Culture & Society, C. 21, S. 4/5, s. 1-24.
  • Foucault, Michel (1965). Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. New York, NY: Random House.
  • __________ (1970). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. New York: Random House.
  • __________ (1972). Archaeology of Knowledge and Discourse on Language. New York: Pantheon.
  • __________ (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Random House.
  • _________ (1978). The History of Sexuality, Volume I: An Introduction. New York: Random House.
  • Geniş, Şerife (2007). “Producing Elite Localities: The Rise of Gated Communities in Istanbul”. Urban Studies, C. 44, S. 4, s. 771-798.
  • Griffiths, Anne (1996). “Legal Pluralism in Africa: The Role of Gender and Women’s Access to Law”. Political and Legal Anthropology Review, C. 19, S. 2, s. 93-108.
  • Göktürk, Deniz vd. (Der.) (2010). Orienting Istanbul: Cultural Capital of Europe?. Londra: Routledge.
  • Hill, Jane (1999). “Language, Race and White Public Space”. American Anthropologist, C. 100, S. 3, s. 680-689.
  • Ingold, Tim (1993). “The Temporality of Landscape”. World Archaeology, C. 25, S. 2, s. 152-174.
  • Jirón, Paola A. vd. (2016). “Relearning to Travel in Santiago: The Importance of Mobile Place-making and Traveling Know-how”. Cultural Geographies, C. 23, S. 4, s. 599-614.
  • Jusionyte, Ieva (2013). “On and Off the Record: The Production of Legitimacy in an Argentine Border Town”. Political and Legal Anthropology Review, C. 36, S. 2, s. 231-248.
  • Karaman, Ozan (2012). “Urban Renewal in Istanbul: Reconfigured Spaces, Robotic Lives”. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, C. 37, S. 2, s. 715-733.
  • Keyder, Çağlar (1999). İstanbul: Küresel ile Yerel Arasında. İstanbul: Metis.
  • __________ (2005). “Globalization and Social Exclusion in Istanbul”. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, C. 29, s. 124-34.
  • Koğacıoğlu, Dicle (2008). “Conduct, Meaning and Inequality in an Istanbul Courthouse”. New Perspectives on Turkey, C. 39, s. 97-127.
  • __________ (2011). “Knowledge, Practice, and Political Community: The Making of the ‘Custom’ in Turkey”. Differences, C. 22, S. 1, s. 172-228.
  • Lee, Doreen (2015). “Absolute Traffic: Infrastructural Aptitude in Urban Indonesia”. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, C. 39, S. 2, s. 234-250.
  • Lock, Margaret ve Vinh-Kim Nguyen (2010). An Anthropology of Biomedicine. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Lutz, Catherine ve Anne Lutz Fernandez (2010). Carjacked: The Culture of the Automobile and its Effects on Our Lives. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Massey, Doreen (2005). For Space. Londra: Sage.
  • McClintock, Anne (1995). Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Context. New York: Routledge.
  • Merriman, Peter (2004). “Driving Places: Marc Augé, Non-places, and the Geographies of England’s M1 Motorway”. Theory, Culture & Society, C. 21, S. 4-5, s. 146-167.
  • Merry, Sally E. (1988). “Legal Pluralism”. Law and Society Review, C. 22, S. 5, s. 869-896.
  • Miller, Daniel (Der.) (2001). Car Cultures. Oxford: Berg.
  • Mitchell, Timothy (1988). Colonizing Egypt. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Öz, Özlem ve Mine Eder (2012). “Rendering Istanbul’s Periodic Bazaars Invisible: Reflections on Urban Transformation and Contested Space”. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, C. 36, S. 2, s. 297-314.
  • Özbay, Cenk (2014). “Yirmi Milyonluk Turizm Başkenti: İstanbul’da Hareketliliklerin Politik Ekonomisi”. Yeni İstanbul Çalışmaları: Sınırlar, Mücadeleler, Açılımlar, Ed: Ayfer Bartu Candan ve Cenk Özbay, İstanbul: Metis, s. 166-197.
  • Robertson, Susan (2007). “Visions of Urban Mobility: The Westway, London, England”. Cultural Geographies, C. 14, S. 1, 74-91.
  • Sheller, Mimi ve John Urry (2006). “The New Mobilities Paradigm”. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, C. 38, S. 2, s. 207-226.
  • Stoler, Ann Laura (2002). Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Streicker, Joel (1995). “Policing Boundaries: Race, Class and Gender in Cartagena, Colombia”. American Ethnologist, C. 22, S. 1, s. 54-74.
  • TomTom (2018). “TomTom Traffic Index”. https://www.tomtom.com/en_gb/traffic-index/ranking (Erişim: 21.08.2019)
  • Truitt, Allison (2008). “On the Back of a Motorbike: Middle-class Mobility in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam”. American Ethnologist, C. 35, S. 1, s. 3-19.
  • Türkün, Asuman (Der.) (2014). Mülk, Mahal, İnsan: İstanbul’da Kentsel Dönüşüm. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Urry, John (2004). “The ‘System’ of Automobility”. Theory, Culture & Society, C. 21, S. 4/5, s. 25-39.
  • Yazıcı, Berna (2013). “Towards an Anthropology of Traffic: A Ride Through Class Hierarchies on Istanbul’s Roadways”. Ethnos, C. 78, S. 4, s. 515-542.

Producing İstanbul through Experiences of Traffic and the Discourse of Order

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 38, 497 - 523, 31.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.609673

Öz

Traffic is a foremost
factor that impacts daily life in İstanbul. Time spent in traffic is often
described as “empty” or “lost.” On the contrary, studies in mobility, cultural
geography and urban anthropology have shown that time/spaces are never empty. They
are constantly produced anew in and through dwelling or experiences that unfold
on them. As such, they are productive rather than empty. This article is based
on a year’s worth of fieldwork on traffic in İstanbul whereby I detail the
processes and dynamics of producing the time/space of İstanbul’s traffic and
thereby the city vis-à-vis a discourse of order and specifically an idealized
European order. I analyze how the urban is formed through the mundane and
ordinary every day and the larger historical implications that inform such a
formation.

Kaynakça

  • Ahıska, Meltem (2005). Radyonun Sihirli Kapısı: Garbiyatçılık ve Politik Öznellik. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Ahmad, Feroz (1993). The Making of Modern Turkey. Londra: Routledge.
  • Aşan, Cemal (2019). “Van’da Düzensiz Göçmenleri Taşıyan Minibüs Şarampole Devrildi: 17 Ölü”. Anadolu Ajansı, 18 Temmuz. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/vanda-duzensiz-gocmenleri-tasiyan-minibus-sarampole-devrildi-17-olu/1535094 (Erişim: 21.08.2019)
  • Augé, Marc (1995). Non-Places. Londra: Verso.
  • Babül, Elif (2012). “Training Bureaucrats, Practicing for Europe: Negotiating Bureaucratic Authority and Governmental Legitimacy in Turkey”. Political and Legal Anthropology Review, C. 35, S. 1, s. 30-52.
  • Bartu Candan, Ayfer ve Biray Kolluoğlu (2008). “Emerging Spaces of Neoliberalism: A Gated Town and a Public Housing Project in Istanbul”. New Perspectives on Turkey, C. 39, s. 5-46.
  • Bartu Candan, Ayfer ve Cenk Özbay (2014). Yeni İstanbul Çalışmaları: Sınırlar, Mücadeleler, Açılımlar. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Bishara, Amahl (2015). “Driving while Palestinian in Israel and the West Bank: The Politics of Disorientation and the Routes of a Subaltern Knowledge”. American Ethnologist, C. 42, S. 1, s. 33-54.
  • Bora, Tanıl (2017). Cereyanlar: Türkiye’de Siyasî İdeolojiler. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Böhm, Steffen vd. (Der.) (2006). Against Automobility. Malden: Blackwell.
  • Cresswell, Tim (2006). On the Move: Mobility in the Modern Western World. New York: Routledge.
  • Czeglédy, André (2004). “Getting Around Town: Transportation and the Built Environment in Post-apartheid South Africa”. City & Society, C. 16, S. 2, s. 63-92.
  • Dalakoglou, Dimitris (2010). “The Road: An Ethnography of the Albanian-Greek Cross-Border Motorway”. American Ethnologist, C. 37, S. 1, s. 132-149.
  • Dalakoglou, Dimitris ve Penny Harvey (2012). “Roads and Anthropology: Ethnographic Perspectives on Space, Time and (Im)Mobility”. Mobilities, C. 7, S. 4, s. 459-465.
  • Dawson, Andrew (2015). “The Road to Srebrenica: Automobility and Belonging in a Post-socialist/war Milieu”. Anthropological Notebooks, C. 21, S. 2, s. 5-25.
  • Dawson, Andrew (2017). “Why Marx was a Bad Driver: Alienation to Sensuality in the Anthropology of Automobility”. Advances in Anthropology, C. 7, s. 1-16.
  • Edensor, Tim (2008). “Mundane Hauntings: Commuting Through the Phantasmagoric Working-Class Spaces of Manchester, England”. Cultural Geographies, C. 15, S. 3, s. 313-333.
  • Featherstone, Mike (2004). “Automobilities: An Introduction”. Theory, Culture & Society, C. 21, S. 4/5, s. 1-24.
  • Foucault, Michel (1965). Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. New York, NY: Random House.
  • __________ (1970). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. New York: Random House.
  • __________ (1972). Archaeology of Knowledge and Discourse on Language. New York: Pantheon.
  • __________ (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Random House.
  • _________ (1978). The History of Sexuality, Volume I: An Introduction. New York: Random House.
  • Geniş, Şerife (2007). “Producing Elite Localities: The Rise of Gated Communities in Istanbul”. Urban Studies, C. 44, S. 4, s. 771-798.
  • Griffiths, Anne (1996). “Legal Pluralism in Africa: The Role of Gender and Women’s Access to Law”. Political and Legal Anthropology Review, C. 19, S. 2, s. 93-108.
  • Göktürk, Deniz vd. (Der.) (2010). Orienting Istanbul: Cultural Capital of Europe?. Londra: Routledge.
  • Hill, Jane (1999). “Language, Race and White Public Space”. American Anthropologist, C. 100, S. 3, s. 680-689.
  • Ingold, Tim (1993). “The Temporality of Landscape”. World Archaeology, C. 25, S. 2, s. 152-174.
  • Jirón, Paola A. vd. (2016). “Relearning to Travel in Santiago: The Importance of Mobile Place-making and Traveling Know-how”. Cultural Geographies, C. 23, S. 4, s. 599-614.
  • Jusionyte, Ieva (2013). “On and Off the Record: The Production of Legitimacy in an Argentine Border Town”. Political and Legal Anthropology Review, C. 36, S. 2, s. 231-248.
  • Karaman, Ozan (2012). “Urban Renewal in Istanbul: Reconfigured Spaces, Robotic Lives”. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, C. 37, S. 2, s. 715-733.
  • Keyder, Çağlar (1999). İstanbul: Küresel ile Yerel Arasında. İstanbul: Metis.
  • __________ (2005). “Globalization and Social Exclusion in Istanbul”. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, C. 29, s. 124-34.
  • Koğacıoğlu, Dicle (2008). “Conduct, Meaning and Inequality in an Istanbul Courthouse”. New Perspectives on Turkey, C. 39, s. 97-127.
  • __________ (2011). “Knowledge, Practice, and Political Community: The Making of the ‘Custom’ in Turkey”. Differences, C. 22, S. 1, s. 172-228.
  • Lee, Doreen (2015). “Absolute Traffic: Infrastructural Aptitude in Urban Indonesia”. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, C. 39, S. 2, s. 234-250.
  • Lock, Margaret ve Vinh-Kim Nguyen (2010). An Anthropology of Biomedicine. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Lutz, Catherine ve Anne Lutz Fernandez (2010). Carjacked: The Culture of the Automobile and its Effects on Our Lives. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Massey, Doreen (2005). For Space. Londra: Sage.
  • McClintock, Anne (1995). Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Context. New York: Routledge.
  • Merriman, Peter (2004). “Driving Places: Marc Augé, Non-places, and the Geographies of England’s M1 Motorway”. Theory, Culture & Society, C. 21, S. 4-5, s. 146-167.
  • Merry, Sally E. (1988). “Legal Pluralism”. Law and Society Review, C. 22, S. 5, s. 869-896.
  • Miller, Daniel (Der.) (2001). Car Cultures. Oxford: Berg.
  • Mitchell, Timothy (1988). Colonizing Egypt. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Öz, Özlem ve Mine Eder (2012). “Rendering Istanbul’s Periodic Bazaars Invisible: Reflections on Urban Transformation and Contested Space”. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, C. 36, S. 2, s. 297-314.
  • Özbay, Cenk (2014). “Yirmi Milyonluk Turizm Başkenti: İstanbul’da Hareketliliklerin Politik Ekonomisi”. Yeni İstanbul Çalışmaları: Sınırlar, Mücadeleler, Açılımlar, Ed: Ayfer Bartu Candan ve Cenk Özbay, İstanbul: Metis, s. 166-197.
  • Robertson, Susan (2007). “Visions of Urban Mobility: The Westway, London, England”. Cultural Geographies, C. 14, S. 1, 74-91.
  • Sheller, Mimi ve John Urry (2006). “The New Mobilities Paradigm”. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, C. 38, S. 2, s. 207-226.
  • Stoler, Ann Laura (2002). Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Streicker, Joel (1995). “Policing Boundaries: Race, Class and Gender in Cartagena, Colombia”. American Ethnologist, C. 22, S. 1, s. 54-74.
  • TomTom (2018). “TomTom Traffic Index”. https://www.tomtom.com/en_gb/traffic-index/ranking (Erişim: 21.08.2019)
  • Truitt, Allison (2008). “On the Back of a Motorbike: Middle-class Mobility in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam”. American Ethnologist, C. 35, S. 1, s. 3-19.
  • Türkün, Asuman (Der.) (2014). Mülk, Mahal, İnsan: İstanbul’da Kentsel Dönüşüm. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Urry, John (2004). “The ‘System’ of Automobility”. Theory, Culture & Society, C. 21, S. 4/5, s. 25-39.
  • Yazıcı, Berna (2013). “Towards an Anthropology of Traffic: A Ride Through Class Hierarchies on Istanbul’s Roadways”. Ethnos, C. 78, S. 4, s. 515-542.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Antropoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yağmur Nuhrat 0000-0002-3663-9274

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 38

Kaynak Göster

APA Nuhrat, Y. (2020). TRAFİK DENEYİMLERİ VE DÜZEN SÖYLEMİ İÇİNDEN İSTANBUL’U ÜRETMEK. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(38), 497-523. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.609673