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EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 39, 845 - 876, 31.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.704138

Öz

The border issue stands at the heart of American writer George Saunders’s novella “Brief and Frightening Reign of Phil” (2005). In his political satire, Saunders shows the symbolic meanings of border and highlights its significance between ethnicities, nations, and states through creating a fantasy world populated by not-quite-human inhabitants who possess anthropomorphic characteristics. In his fable, Saunders deliberately draws an analogy between the functioning of a modern human world and that of the non-human creatures by focusing on the role of border, territory, self and group identity, and state. Saunders’s novella primarily shows how the border issue is potential to be exploited by a populist racist political leader whose personal complexes and desire for power mostly control his actions and decisions. As we argue in this paper, by using the issue of border area, Phil quickly tumbles his nation into an ultra-nationalistic, authoritarian regime which mainly functions by its self-proclaimed leader’s exploitation of the militia, the economy, the bureaucrats, and the media.

Kaynakça

  • Alvarez Jr, Robert R. (2017). “Reconceptualizing the Space of the Mexico–US Borderline.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 538-556.
  • Anderson, James (2012). “Borders in the New Imperialism.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 139-157.
  • Ellerhoff, Steve Gronert and Philip Coleman (2017). “Preface.” George Saunders: Critical Essays. Ed: Philip Coleman and Steve Gronert Ellerhoff. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, p. v-x.
  • George Saunders, “Why I Wrote Phil.” Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/feature/-/578958/002-0196204-3301652
  • Grimson, Alejandro (2012). “Borders in the New Imperialism.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 139-157.
  • Hayes-Brady, Clare (2017). “Horning In: Language, Subordination and Freedom in the Short Fiction of George Saunders.” George Saunders: Critical Essays. Ed: Philip Coleman and Steve Gronert Ellerhoff. Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 23-40.
  • Houtum, Henk van (2012). “Remapping Borders.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 405-418.
  • Saunders, George (2005). The Brief and Frightening Reign of Phil. New York: Riverhead Books.
  • Scheingold, Stuart (2010). The Political Novel: Re- Imagining the Twentieth Century. New York: Continuum.
  • “The Brief and Frightening Reign of Phil”. Kirkus Reviews, 15 Jul. 2005. https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/george-saunders/the-brief-and-frightening-reign-of-phil/ .
  • Wilson, Thomas M. and Hastings Donnan (2012). “Borders and Border Studies.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed. Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 1-26.

George Saunders’in Phil’in Dehşet Verici Kısa Saltanatı Adlı Kısa Romanında Sınır Konusunun Kötüye Kullanımı

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 39, 845 - 876, 31.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.704138

Öz

Sınır meselesi, Amerikalı yazar George Saunders’ın “Phil’in Dehşet Verici Kısa Saltanatı” (2005) adlı romanının merkezinde duruyor. Siyasi hicvinde, Saunders, sınırın sembolik anlamlarını göstermenin yanı sıra sınırın farklı etnik kökenler, uluslar ve devletler arasındaki önemini vurgular. Saunders bu konuyu antropomorfik özelliklere sahip olan ama tam da insan olmayan sakinlerin yaşadığı bir fantezi dünyasını yaratarak yansıtır. Masalında, Saunders sınır, bölge, benlik ve grup kimliğiyle birlikte devletin rolüne odaklanarak modern bir insan dünyasının ve insan olmayan yaratıkların işleyişi arasında kasıtlı olarak bir analoji çizer. Saunders’ın romanı öncelikle sınır sorununun kişisel kompleksleri ve iktidar arzusu çoğunlukla eylemlerini ve kararlarını kontrol eden popülist ırkçı bir siyasi lider tarafından nasıl potansiyel olarak kullanılacağını gösteriyor. Bu makalemizde ana karakter olan Phil’in sınır bölgesi sorunlarını kullanarak ulusunu hızla aşırı milliyetçi ve otoriter bir rejime dönüştürdüğü tartışılmaktadır. Böylece kendini lider ilan eden Phil milisleri, ekonomiyi, bürokratları ve medyayı sömürmek suretiyle nasıl çalıştırdığı sorunu ele alınmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Alvarez Jr, Robert R. (2017). “Reconceptualizing the Space of the Mexico–US Borderline.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 538-556.
  • Anderson, James (2012). “Borders in the New Imperialism.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 139-157.
  • Ellerhoff, Steve Gronert and Philip Coleman (2017). “Preface.” George Saunders: Critical Essays. Ed: Philip Coleman and Steve Gronert Ellerhoff. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, p. v-x.
  • George Saunders, “Why I Wrote Phil.” Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/feature/-/578958/002-0196204-3301652
  • Grimson, Alejandro (2012). “Borders in the New Imperialism.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 139-157.
  • Hayes-Brady, Clare (2017). “Horning In: Language, Subordination and Freedom in the Short Fiction of George Saunders.” George Saunders: Critical Essays. Ed: Philip Coleman and Steve Gronert Ellerhoff. Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 23-40.
  • Houtum, Henk van (2012). “Remapping Borders.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed: Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 405-418.
  • Saunders, George (2005). The Brief and Frightening Reign of Phil. New York: Riverhead Books.
  • Scheingold, Stuart (2010). The Political Novel: Re- Imagining the Twentieth Century. New York: Continuum.
  • “The Brief and Frightening Reign of Phil”. Kirkus Reviews, 15 Jul. 2005. https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/george-saunders/the-brief-and-frightening-reign-of-phil/ .
  • Wilson, Thomas M. and Hastings Donnan (2012). “Borders and Border Studies.” A Companion to Border Studies. Ed. Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 1-26.
Toplam 11 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sanat ve Edebiyat
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Karam Nayebpour 0000-0001-8533-6555

Naghmeh Varghaiyan 0000-0002-6838-7876

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 39

Kaynak Göster

APA Nayebpour, K., & Varghaiyan, N. (2020). EXPLOITATION OF THE BORDER ISSUE IN GEORGE SAUNDERS’S THE BRIEF AND FRIGHTENING REIGN OF PHIL. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(39), 845-876. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.704138