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NEOLİBERAL YÖNETİMSELLİK VE PERFORMANSIN TIBBİLEŞTİRİLMESİ BAĞLAMINDA EKŞİ SÖZLÜK’TE RİTALİN TARTIŞMALARI

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 41-42, 187 - 216, 26.11.2021

Öz

Bu çalışma ‘güncel hakikat rejimi’ olarak neoliberalizm ve onun birey kurgusu ‘homo-economicus’a odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, Bir Web 2.0 platformu olan Ekşi Sözlük’te DEHB’nin tedavisinde kullanılan Ritalin isimli ilaca ilişkin yürütülen tartışmayı neoliberal yönetimsellik nosyonu üzerinden değerlendirmektir. Bu kapsamda Ritalin başlığı altında bulunan, 2002-2019 yılları arasında oluşturulmuş 540 giri, MAXQDA 20 nitel veri analiz programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, Ritalin başlığı altında yer alan giri sayısının yıllar içinde artış gösterdiği, en fazla girinin 2019 yılında oluşturulmuş olduğu belirlenmiştir. 2002’ye kıyasla 2019 yılında Ritalin başlığı altındaki giri sayısı 38,3 kat artarken sözlükte bulunan yazar sayısının 17,9 kat artış gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ritalin tartışmasında en çok tekrarlanan ana konuların %47,49 ile Ritalin’in etkileri, %38,51 ile Ritalin’e ilişkin bilgiler, %14 ile Ritalin’e ilişkin bu bilgilere hangi yollardan ulaşıldığı üzerine olduğu görülmüştür. Ekşi Sözlük yazarlarının, neoliberal yönetimsellik anlayışına uygun bir şekilde Ritalin’e ilişkin fayda/zarar analizi, risk değerlendirmesi gerçekleştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Ritalin tartışmasında en sık tekrarlanan alt kategori çoğunlukla akademik başarı temelinde ele alınan, ilacın olumlu etkileridir. Yazarlar Ritalin’in rekreasyonel amaçlarla kullanılabildiğini, reçetesiz tanıdık vasıtasıyla ilaca ulaşımın sağlanabildiğini dile getirmiştir. Ritalin tartışmasında ilaç, farklı etkileri üzerinden değerlendirmeye alınırken özellikle 2017 yılı sonrasında ilaca erişme yollarının tartışmanın önemli bir bölümünü oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında Ritalin, performans odaklı neoliberal toplumda bir kendini biçimlendirme teknolojisi olarak ele alınmıştır. Ritalin’in bu bağlamda Ekşi Sözlük’te performans gösterebilirliğin bir aracı olarak değerlendirildiği saptanmıştır.

Kaynakça

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The Ritalin Debate on Ekşi Sözlük within the Context of Neoliberal Governmentality and Medicalization of Performance

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 41-42, 187 - 216, 26.11.2021

Öz

This study focuses on neoliberalism as the contemporary ‘truth’ regime and "homo-economicus" as the neoliberal individual. The aim of the study is to evaluate the discussion on the pharmaceutical called Ritalin used in the treatment of ADHD in Ekşi Sözlük, which is a Web 2.0 platform, through the notions of neoliberal governmentality. In this context, 540 entries created between 2002 and 2019 under the Ritalin title were analyzed using the MAXQDA 20 qualitative data analysis program. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the number of entries under the title of Ritalin increased over the years, and most entries were created in 2019. Compared to 2002, the number of entries under the Ritalin title increased 38.3 times in 2019, while the number of authors in the Dictionary increased 17.9 times. The most repeated main topics under the Ritalin debate are, the effects of Ritalin with 47.49%, the information about Ritalin with 38.51% and the ways to access information on Ritalin with 14%. The authors of Ekşi Sözlük were seen to have carried out a benefit/harm analysis and risk assessment of Ritalin in accordance with neoliberal governmentality. The most recurring subcategory in the Ritalin discussion is the positive effects of the drug, which is mostly addressed on the basis of academic achievement. The authors stated that Ritalin can be used for recreational purposes, and access to the drug can be achieved through an over-the-counter acquaintance. In the Ritalin discussion, while the drug was evaluated over its various effects, it was seen that the ways of accessing the drug, especially after 2017, constitute an important part of the discussion. Within the scope of the study, Ritalin is considered as a self- shaping technology in the performance-oriented neoliberal society. In this context, it has been determined that Ritalin is evaluated in Ekşi Sözlük in terms of performativity.

Kaynakça

  • 507. (2002). toplam yazar sayısı. 10.04.2021 tarihinde adresinden erişildi https://eksisozluk.com/toplam-yazar-sayisi--81659?p=1
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  • Adaman, F., & Madra, Y. (2015). Toplumsalın İktisadileştirilmesi mi İktisadın Toplumsallaştırılması mı? Içinde E. Hamzaçebi, E. Akçay, U. Kocagöz, & F. Adaman (Ed.), Sosyal Bilimler Ne İşe Yarar? (ss. 77–122). İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Alp, H. (2016). Çingenelere Yönelik Nefret Söyleminin Ekşi Sözlük’te Yeniden Üretilmesi. İlef Dergisi, 3(2), 143–172. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.305520
  • Arria, A. M., & Wish, E. D. (2006). Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants Among Students. Pediatric Annals, 35(8), 565–571.
  • Atalay, S. (2019). Sosyolojik Bakış Açısından Aşı Karşıtlığı ve Halk Sağlığı. Içinde T. Yılmaz (Ed.), Psikoloji, Sosyoloji ve Coğrafya Bakış Açısından Sağlık (ss. 61–92). Ankara: Berikan Yayıncılık.
  • Ballard, K., & Elston, M. A. (2005). Medicalisation: A Multi-dimensional Concept. Social Theory and Health, 3(3), 228–241. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700053
  • Barker, K. K. (2010). The Social Construction of Illness, Medicalization and Contested Illness. Içinde C. E. Bird, P. Conrad, A. M. Fremont, & S. Timmermans (Ed.), Handbook of Medical Sociology, Sixth Edition
  • Beau-Lejdstrom, R., Douglas, I., Evans, S. J. W., & Smeeth, L. (2016). Latest trends in ADHD drug prescribing patterns in children in the UK: Prevalence, incidence and persistence. BMJ Open, 6(6), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010508
  • Bell, S. E., & Figert, A. E. (2012). Medicalization and pharmaceuticalization at the intersections: Looking backward, sideways and forward. Social Science and Medicine, 75(5), 775–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.04.002
  • Benammar, S. K. (2015). The Sociology of Web 2 . 0. International Journal of Social Sciences, IV(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.20472/SS.2015.4.4.001
  • Bendelow, G. (2010). Emotional Health : Challenging Biomedicine or Increasing Health Surveillance ? Critical Public Health, 20(4), 465–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2010.518382
  • Besley, T. (2009). Governmentality of Youth: Beyond Cultural Studies. Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice, 1(2), 36–83. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789087909857_012
  • Busfield, J. (2006). Pills, power, people: Sociological understandings of the pharmaceutical industry. Sociology, 40(2), 297–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038506062034
  • Busfield, J. (2017). The concept of medicalisation reassessed. Sociology of Health and Illness, 39(5), 759–774. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12538
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sınavlar Üzerine Düşünceler. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 345–356.
  • Carroll, B. C., Mclaughlin, T. J., & Blake, D. R. (2006). Patterns and Knowledge of Nonmedical Use of Stimulants Among College Students. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med., 160, 481–485.
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  • Gane, M. (2008). Foucault on Governmentality and Liberalism: The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978—1979 by Michel Foucault, trans. Graham Burchell Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan,
  • Gedik, E., & Turgut, S. T. (2019). Sosyal Medya Delikanlılığı: Ekşi Sözlük Örneği. Içinde Sosyal Bilimlerde Güncel Tartışmalar İnsan Çalışmaları 2 (ss. 51–60). Ankara: Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları.
  • Gordon, C. (1991). Governmental Rationality: An Introduction. Içinde G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Ed.), The Foucault Effect: Governmentality Studies (ss. 1–52). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Gürel, E., & Yakın, M. (2007). Ekşi Sözlük: Postmodern Elektronik Kültür. Selçuk İletişim, 4(4), 203–219.
  • Hafferty, F. W. (2006). Medicalization Reconsidered. Society, 43(6), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02698484
  • Hamann, T. H. (2009). Neoliberalism, governmentality, and ethics. Foucault Studies, (6), 37–59.
  • Harvey, D. (2007). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2015). Neoliberalizmin Kısa Tarihi. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Hinshaw, S. P., & Scheffler, R. M. (2014). The ADHD Explosion: Myths, Medication, Money and Today’s Push for Performance. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
  • İnceoğlu, Y., Özçetin, B., Gökmen Tol, M., & Alkurt, S. V. (2014). Health and Its Discontents: Health Opinion Leaders’ Social Media Discourses and Medicalization of Health. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, (21), 103–127. https://doi.org/10.16878/gsuilet.96677
  • IQVIA Institute for Human Data Science. (2019). The Global Use of Medicine in 2019 and Outlook to 2023. IQVIA Institute for Human Data Science, (January), 75. 20.03.2020 Tarihinde adresinden erişildi https://www.iqvia.com/-/media/iqvia/pdfs/institute-reports/the-global-use-of-medicine-in-2019-and-outlook-to-2023.pdf?_=1572797697886%0Ahttps://www.iqvia.com/institute/reports/the-global-use-of-medicine-in-2019-and-outlook-to-2023
  • İşleyen, B., & Kreitmeyr, N. (2020). ‘Authoritarian Neoliberalism’ and Youth Empowerment in Jordan. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2020.1812996
  • Kata, A. (2012). Anti-vaccine activists , Web 2 . 0 , and the postmodern paradigm – An overview of tactics and tropes used online by the anti-vaccination movement. Vaccine, 30(25), 3778–3789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.112
  • Keane, H. (2008). Pleasure and discipline in the uses of Ritalin. International Journal of Drug Policy, 19(5), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.08.002
  • Lüküslü, D. (2011). Bilişim Teknolojileriyle Örgtütlenen Gençlik Hareketleri ve Yeni Siyaset Arayışı. Içinde A. Telli-Aydemir (Ed.), Katılımın E-Hali: Gençlerin Sanal Alemi (ss. 48–67). İstanbul: Alternatif Bilişim.
  • Lupton, D. (2006). Sociology and Risk. Içinde G. Mythen & S. Walklate (Ed.), Beyond the Risk Society, Critical Reflections on Risk and Human Security (ss. 11–24). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315658742-2
  • Maturo, A. (2012). Medicalization: Current concept and future directions in a Bionic Society. Mens Sana Monographs, 10(1), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1229.91587
  • Maturo, A. (2013). The medicalization of education: ADHD, human enhancement and academic performance. The medicalization of education: ADHD, human enhancement and academic performance, 5(3), 175–188.
  • Moghaddam, A. (2006). Coding issues in grounded theory. Issues in educational research, 16(1), 52–66.
  • Morrall, P. (2009). Sociology and Health: An Introduction. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Muller, B. J. (2011). Governmentality and Biopolitics. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies, (Jun), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.50
  • Nazlı, A. (2005) “Sapmanın Tıpsallaştırılması Ya Da Tıbbın Toplumsal Normaliteyi Sağlama İşlevi”, Sosyoloji Dergisi, 14, 115-132
  • Neuendorf, K. A., & Kumar, A. (2015). Emerging trends in content analysis. The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541555.wbiepc065
  • Oksala, J. (2013). Neoliberalism and Biopolitical Governmentality. Içinde J. Nilsson & S.-O. Wallenstein (Ed.), Foucault, biopolitics and governmentality (ss. 53–72). Stockholm: Södertörn University.
  • Öner, Ö., Yilmaz, E. Ş., Karadağ, H., Vural, M., Vural, E. H., Akbulat, A., … Kerman, S. (2017). ADHD Medication Trends in Turkey: 2009-2013. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21(14), 1192–1197. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714523129
  • Oulette, L. (2009). Take Responsbility for Yourself: Judge Judy and the Neoliberal Citizen. Içinde S. Murray & L. Oullette (Ed.), Reality TV: Remaking Television Culture (ss. 223–242). New York & Londra: New York University Press.
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  • Peterkin, A. L., Crone, C. C., Sheridan, M. J., & Wise, T. N. (2011). Cognitive performance enhancement: Misuse or self-treatment? Journal of Attention Disorders, 15(4), 263–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054710365980
  • Peters, M. A. (2016). Education, Neoliberalism, And Human Capital: Homo Economicus as ‘Entrepreneur Of Himself’. Içinde S. Springer, K. Birch, & J. Macleavy (Ed.), The Handbook of Neoliberalism (ss. 297–307). Abingdon & New York: Routledge.
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  • Smith, N., & Graham, T. (2017). Mapping the anti-vaccination movement on Facebook Mapping the anti-vaccination movement on Facebook. Information, Communication & Society, 22(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1418406
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  • Turner, B. S. (2011). Tıbbi Güç ve Toplumsal Bilgi. (Çev. Ü. Tatlıcan) Bursa: Sentez yayıncılık.
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Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Selin Atalay 0000-0002-7095-6396

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Kasım 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 41-42

Kaynak Göster

APA Atalay, S. (2021). NEOLİBERAL YÖNETİMSELLİK VE PERFORMANSIN TIBBİLEŞTİRİLMESİ BAĞLAMINDA EKŞİ SÖZLÜK’TE RİTALİN TARTIŞMALARI. Sosyoloji Dergisi(41-42), 187-216.

Sosyoloji Dergisi, Journal of Sociology, SD, JOS