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KÖMÜR MADENLERİNDE PSİKOSOSYAL GÜVENLİK ÇALIŞMALARI: MADEN MÜHENDİSLERİ VE İŞ GÜVENLİĞİ UZMANLARI GÖZÜNDEN NİTEL DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 20, 592 - 622, 29.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1026839

Öz

Kömür madenciliği çeşitli başlıklar altında incelenebilecek tehlike kaynaklarını barındıran çalışma ortamı ve koşulları nedeniyle yüksek tehlikeli işler arasında yer almaktadır. Çalışma ortamından kaynak alan tehlikeler ve riskler bunlarla sınırlı değildir. Maden çalışanlarının psikososyal tehlike kaynakları ve riskler ile etkileşimleri kendilerinin yanı sıra çalışma arkadaşlarının, yürütülen süreçlerin, madencilik faaliyetlerini sürdüren işletmelerin ve en başta çalışanların aileleri olmak üzere toplumun da psikososyal tehlike kaynakları ve risklerden kaynaklanan zararı deneyimlemeleri anlamına gelmektedir. Ayrıca, psikososyal tehlike kaynakları ve riskler ile etkileşim, maden işletmelerindeki tüm çalışanların fiziksel-biyolojik-kimyasal tehlike kaynaklarına açık hale gelmelerine de zemin oluşturabilmektedir. Psikososyal unsurların suda büyüyen halkaları çağrıştıran bu yaygın etkisi çalışanların psikolojik güvenliklerinin desteklenmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Söz konusu gerekliliğin bir sonucu olarak filizlenen ve Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından desteklenerek yaşama geçirilen “Maden Sektöründe Çalışanların Psikososyal Risklerinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Önlenmesine Yönelik İşyeri Hekimlerinin Kapasitesini Geliştirme Projesi” de çalışanların psikososyal güvenliklerinin sağlanabilmesine katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu makalede de bu amaç doğrultusunda yürütülen nitel araştırmalardan bir kesit sunulmakta, 23 maden mühendisi ve 20 iş güvenliği uzmanı ile gerçekleştirilen odak grup görüşmelerinden yola çıkılarak bu iki çalışan grubunun, maden işçilerinin karşılaştıkları psikososyal tehlike kaynaklarına ilişkin algıları aktarılmaktadır. Elde edilen veri; Kopenhag Psikososyal Risk Değerlendirme Ölçeği (KOPSOR) bileşenleri baz alınarak kişilerarası ilişkiler ve liderlik, güvencesizlik, etki ve gelişim, talepler boyutları altında gruplandırılmıştır. Başlıklara dahil olan segment örnekleri; kömür madeni işçilerinin yine madenlerde görev alan maden mühendisleri ve iş güvenliği uzmanları gözündeki yüksek riskli konumunu gözler önüne sermektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu proje Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin maddi desteği ile yürütülmektedir.

Proje Numarası

13

Kaynakça

  • Burgess-Limerick, R., Straker, L., Pollock, C., Dennis, G., Leveritt, S., and Johnson, S. (2007). Implementation of the participative ergonomics for manual tasks (PErforM) programme at four Australian underground coal mines. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 37(2), 145–155.
  • Caplan, R. D., Cobb, S., French, J. R. P., Jr., Harrison, R. V., and Pinneau, S. R., Jr. (1975). Job demands and worker health: Main effects and occupational differences. Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
  • Casey, T.W., and Krauss, A.D. (2013). The role of effective error management practices in increasing miners’ safety performance. Safety Science, 60, 131-141.
  • Chen, Hong, Qi, Hui, Long, Ruyin, Zhang, and Maolong (2012). Research on 10-year tendency of China coal mine accidents and the characteristics of human factors. Safety Science, 50, 745-750.
  • De Lange, A. H., Taris, T. W., Kompier, M. A., Houtman, I. L., and Bongers, P. M. (2004). The relationships between work characteristics and mental health: Examining normal, reversed and reciprocal relationships in a 4-wave study. Work & Stress, 18(2), 149-166.
  • Deng, M., Chan, A. H. S., Wu, F., and Sun, L. (2018). Depth perception, dark adaptation, vigilance, and accident proneness of Chinese coal mine workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 24(3), 450-456. Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS). (2011). The Indian Government Regulatory agency for safety in mines. Information about DGMS Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from http://www.dgms.net
  • Eatough, E.M., Way, J.D., and Chang, C.H. (2012). Understanding the link between psychosocial work stressors and work-related musculoskeletal complaints. Applied Ergonomics, 43(3), 554–563.
  • Hammer, L. B., Johnson, R. C., Crain, T. L., et al. (2016). Intervention effects on safety compliance and citizenship behaviors: Evidence from the work, family, and health study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(2), 190-208.
  • Horberry, T., Burgess-Limerick, R., and Fuller, R. (2013). The contributions of human factors and ergonomics to a sustainable minerals industry. Ergonomics, 56(3), 556–564.
  • Idris, M. A., Dollard, M. F., Coward, J., and Dormann, C. (2012). Psychosocial safety climate: Conceptual distinctiveness and effect on job demands and worker psychological health. Safety science, 50(1), 19-28.
  • International Labour Organization (ILO). (2010). Mining: A hazardous work. Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/safe work/areasofwork/hazardous-work/WCMS_124598/ lang?en/index.htm
  • ISO. Occupational health and safety management — Psychological health andsafety at work — Guidelines for managing psychosocial risks: ISO 45003. [S],2021
  • Jiskani, I. M., Silva, J. M. N. D., Chalgri, S. R., Behrani, P., Lu, X., and Manda, E. (2020). Mine health and safety: influence of psychosocial factors on musculoskeletal disorders among miners in Pakistan. International Journal of Mining and Mineral Engineering, 11(2), 152-167.
  • Karasek, R.A (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain: implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285–308.
  • Kim, I.J. (2018). Ergonomic inputs for the improvement of safety and health exercises in the mining industry. Journal of Ergonomics, 8(1), 1–3.
  • Liu, G., and Luo, C. (2012). Analysis of the safety psychological factors in the coal mine safety management. Procedia Engineering, 45, 253-258.
  • Neupane, S., Miranda, H., Virtanen, P., Siukola, A., and Nygård, C.H. (2013). Do physical or psychosocial factors at work predict multi-site musculoskeletal pain? A 4-year follow-up study in an industrial population. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 86(5), 581–589.
  • Şahan, C. (2016). Kopenhag Psikososyal Risk Değerlendirme Ölçeği'nin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Şahan, C. ve Demiral, Y. (2020). Kopenhag Psikososyal Risk Değerlendirmesi Rehberi.
  • Tong, R., Yang, X., Li, H., and Li, J. (2019). Dual process management of coal miners’ unsafe behavior in the Chinese context: Evidence from a meta-analysis and inspired by the JD-R model. Resources Policy, 62, 205-217.
  • Vatansever, Ç. (2014). Risk Degerlendirme'de Yeni Bir Boyut: Psikososyal Tehlike ve Riskler. Çalışma ve Toplum, 40(1), 117-138.
  • Winefield, H. R., Saebel, J., & Winefield, A. H. (2010). Employee perceptions of fairness as predictors of workers' compensation claims for psychological injury: an Australian case‐control study. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 26(1), 3-12.
  • Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., and Schaufeli, W. (2007). The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 121-141.
  • Yu, M., and Li, J. (2019). Psychosocial safety climate and unsafe behavior among miners in china: The mediating role of work stress and job burnout. Psychology, Health & Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1662068.
  • Yu, H., Chen, H., and Long, R. (2017). Mental fatigue, cognitive bias, and safety paradox in chinese coal mines. Resource Policy, 52, 165-172.
  • Yue, P., Xu, G., Li, L., and Wang, S. (2014). Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to psychosocial factors. Occupational Medicine, 64(3), 211–216.

PSYCHOSOCIAL SECURITY STUDIES IN COAL MINE: QUALITATIVE EVALUATION FROM MINING ENGINEERS AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY SPECIALISTS

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 20, 592 - 622, 29.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1026839

Öz

Coal mining is among the most dangerous jobs known due to the physical working environment and numerous potential hazard sources. However, dangers and risks associated are not limited only to physical conditions. As the interaction of mine workers with psychosocial hazards and risks harms themselves, it adversely affects their colleagues, work processes, mining companies, workers' families, and society in general. Moreover, interaction with psychosocial hazard sources and risks can provide a ground for exposure to physical-biological-chemical hazard sources. This extensive effect of psychosocial hazards, which resembles growing circles in the water, necessitates the support of workers' psychological well-being. The "Capacity Building of Occupational Physicians for the Assessment and Prevention of Psychosocial Risks in Mining Sector" project grew out of this need, which is conducted with the financial support of the European Union and the Republic of Turkey and aims to contribute to mineworkers' psychosocial safety. The purpose of this article is to present a cross-section of the qualitative research conducted in this project, reviewing the perceptions of mining engineers and occupational safety experts regarding the sources of psychosocial danger faced by mineworkers. Focus group meetings were conducted with the participation of 23 mining engineers and 20 occupational safety experts. Qualitative coding of the transcribed data from the focus group sessions was done using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Risk Assessment Scale (COPSOQ-III) dimensions. The coding process revealed that these COPSOQ-III dimensions were relevant to mineworkers' psychosocial conditions in coal mining: interpersonal relationships and leadership, job insecurity, impact and development, and job demands. Examples of segments regarding these themes reveal the coal mine workers' high-risk condition in mining engineers' and occupational safety experts' perspectives.

Proje Numarası

13

Kaynakça

  • Burgess-Limerick, R., Straker, L., Pollock, C., Dennis, G., Leveritt, S., and Johnson, S. (2007). Implementation of the participative ergonomics for manual tasks (PErforM) programme at four Australian underground coal mines. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 37(2), 145–155.
  • Caplan, R. D., Cobb, S., French, J. R. P., Jr., Harrison, R. V., and Pinneau, S. R., Jr. (1975). Job demands and worker health: Main effects and occupational differences. Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
  • Casey, T.W., and Krauss, A.D. (2013). The role of effective error management practices in increasing miners’ safety performance. Safety Science, 60, 131-141.
  • Chen, Hong, Qi, Hui, Long, Ruyin, Zhang, and Maolong (2012). Research on 10-year tendency of China coal mine accidents and the characteristics of human factors. Safety Science, 50, 745-750.
  • De Lange, A. H., Taris, T. W., Kompier, M. A., Houtman, I. L., and Bongers, P. M. (2004). The relationships between work characteristics and mental health: Examining normal, reversed and reciprocal relationships in a 4-wave study. Work & Stress, 18(2), 149-166.
  • Deng, M., Chan, A. H. S., Wu, F., and Sun, L. (2018). Depth perception, dark adaptation, vigilance, and accident proneness of Chinese coal mine workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 24(3), 450-456. Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS). (2011). The Indian Government Regulatory agency for safety in mines. Information about DGMS Annual Report 2011. Retrieved from http://www.dgms.net
  • Eatough, E.M., Way, J.D., and Chang, C.H. (2012). Understanding the link between psychosocial work stressors and work-related musculoskeletal complaints. Applied Ergonomics, 43(3), 554–563.
  • Hammer, L. B., Johnson, R. C., Crain, T. L., et al. (2016). Intervention effects on safety compliance and citizenship behaviors: Evidence from the work, family, and health study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(2), 190-208.
  • Horberry, T., Burgess-Limerick, R., and Fuller, R. (2013). The contributions of human factors and ergonomics to a sustainable minerals industry. Ergonomics, 56(3), 556–564.
  • Idris, M. A., Dollard, M. F., Coward, J., and Dormann, C. (2012). Psychosocial safety climate: Conceptual distinctiveness and effect on job demands and worker psychological health. Safety science, 50(1), 19-28.
  • International Labour Organization (ILO). (2010). Mining: A hazardous work. Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/safe work/areasofwork/hazardous-work/WCMS_124598/ lang?en/index.htm
  • ISO. Occupational health and safety management — Psychological health andsafety at work — Guidelines for managing psychosocial risks: ISO 45003. [S],2021
  • Jiskani, I. M., Silva, J. M. N. D., Chalgri, S. R., Behrani, P., Lu, X., and Manda, E. (2020). Mine health and safety: influence of psychosocial factors on musculoskeletal disorders among miners in Pakistan. International Journal of Mining and Mineral Engineering, 11(2), 152-167.
  • Karasek, R.A (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain: implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285–308.
  • Kim, I.J. (2018). Ergonomic inputs for the improvement of safety and health exercises in the mining industry. Journal of Ergonomics, 8(1), 1–3.
  • Liu, G., and Luo, C. (2012). Analysis of the safety psychological factors in the coal mine safety management. Procedia Engineering, 45, 253-258.
  • Neupane, S., Miranda, H., Virtanen, P., Siukola, A., and Nygård, C.H. (2013). Do physical or psychosocial factors at work predict multi-site musculoskeletal pain? A 4-year follow-up study in an industrial population. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 86(5), 581–589.
  • Şahan, C. (2016). Kopenhag Psikososyal Risk Değerlendirme Ölçeği'nin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Şahan, C. ve Demiral, Y. (2020). Kopenhag Psikososyal Risk Değerlendirmesi Rehberi.
  • Tong, R., Yang, X., Li, H., and Li, J. (2019). Dual process management of coal miners’ unsafe behavior in the Chinese context: Evidence from a meta-analysis and inspired by the JD-R model. Resources Policy, 62, 205-217.
  • Vatansever, Ç. (2014). Risk Degerlendirme'de Yeni Bir Boyut: Psikososyal Tehlike ve Riskler. Çalışma ve Toplum, 40(1), 117-138.
  • Winefield, H. R., Saebel, J., & Winefield, A. H. (2010). Employee perceptions of fairness as predictors of workers' compensation claims for psychological injury: an Australian case‐control study. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 26(1), 3-12.
  • Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., and Schaufeli, W. (2007). The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 121-141.
  • Yu, M., and Li, J. (2019). Psychosocial safety climate and unsafe behavior among miners in china: The mediating role of work stress and job burnout. Psychology, Health & Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1662068.
  • Yu, H., Chen, H., and Long, R. (2017). Mental fatigue, cognitive bias, and safety paradox in chinese coal mines. Resource Policy, 52, 165-172.
  • Yue, P., Xu, G., Li, L., and Wang, S. (2014). Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to psychosocial factors. Occupational Medicine, 64(3), 211–216.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çalışma Ekonomisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İdil Işık 0000-0002-6709-9717

Şafak Öz Aktepe 0000-0003-4784-4270

Esin Çetin Özbudak Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3730-2718

Faruk Ceylan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1611-5238

Yasin Kuzdağ 0000-0002-3604-0085

Aleyna Dönmez 0000-0003-3195-8978

Proje Numarası 13
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 20

Kaynak Göster

APA Işık, İ., Öz Aktepe, Ş., Çetin Özbudak, E., Ceylan, F., vd. (2022). KÖMÜR MADENLERİNDE PSİKOSOSYAL GÜVENLİK ÇALIŞMALARI: MADEN MÜHENDİSLERİ VE İŞ GÜVENLİĞİ UZMANLARI GÖZÜNDEN NİTEL DEĞERLENDİRME. Sosyal Güvence(20), 592-622. https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1026839