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Factors Causing the Indian Information Technology Industry's Human Resource Management to Change to Gig Contracts

Yıl 2023, , 77 - 99, 26.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.05

Öz

The gig economy has become a viable field for alternate job arrangements. Therefore, we aim to explore the gig contracting influencing factors in Information Technology. We propose a conceptual framework using Structured Equation Modelling to ascertain the relationship between Human Resource Management and gig work contracting mediated through a sustainable digital economy. Based on a specifically designed survey, employers’ most significant hurdles were the competitiveness level, the extended hours when one was logged in, and late-night delivery. The incentives were not strong influencing factors for Gig contracting. However, the flexibility reduced much of the workload pressures.

Destekleyen Kurum

N/A

Proje Numarası

N/A

Kaynakça

  • Anwar, M.A. & M. Graham (2021), “Between a rock and a hard place: Freedom, flexibility, precarity and vulnerability in the gig economy in Africa”, Competition and Change, 25(2), 237-258.
  • Ashford, S.J. et al. (2018), “From surviving to thriving in the gig economy: A research agenda for individuals in the new world of work”, Research in Organisational Behavior, 38, 23-41.
  • Banwari, V. (2018), “Gig Economy: Challenges and Opportunities in India”, Jetir, 5(11), 413-420.
  • Barlage, M. et al. (2019), “The needs of freelancers and the characteristics of 'gigs': Creating beneficial relations between freelancers and their hiring organizations”, Emerald Open Research, 12928.
  • Barratt, T. et al. (2020), “'I'm my own boss…': Active intermediation and 'entrepreneurial' worker agency in the Australian gig-economy”, Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 52(8), 1643-1661.
  • Behl, A. et al. (2022), “Barriers to entry of gig workers in the gig platforms: exploring the dark side of the gig economy”, Aslib Journal of Information Management, 74(5), 819-839.
  • Bryukhovetskaya, S.V. et al. (2020), “Management of digital technology development in the national economy”, in: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 421).
  • Bulian, L. (2021), “The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit?”, Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106-119.
  • Cao, J. (2021), “Research on Development and Optimization of Human Resources in Gig Economy”, in: 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (1288-1298), Atlantis Press.
  • Chandler, S. (2020), “Coronavirus turns Uber into gig platform for all work”, Forbes, <https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonchandler/2020/04/07/coronavirus-turns-uber-into-gig-platform-for-all-work/?sh=1cb2a09a1db9>, 23.08.2022.
  • Christie, N. & H. Ward (2019), “The health and safety risks for people who drive for work in the gig economy”, Journal of Transport and Health, 13(November 2018), 115-127.
  • Cola, D. (2019), Unlocking The Potential of the GIG Economy in India, <https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-300-7/014>, 23.08.2022.
  • Connelly, C.E. et al. (2021), “Working in the digitized economy: HRM theory & practice”, Human Resource Management Review, 31(1), 1-7.
  • Cooke, L.F. et al. (2022), “Building sustainable societies through human-centred human resource management: emerging issues and research opportunities”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(1), 1-15.
  • Davidescu, A.A.M. et al. (2020), “Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among Romanian employees-Implications for sustainable human resource management”, Sustainability, 12(15), 6086.
  • De Stefano, V. (2016), “The rise of the 'just-in-time workforce': on demand work, crowdwork, and labor protection in the 'gig economy'“, Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 37(3), 461-471.
  • Duggan, J. et al. (2020), “Algorithmic management and app‐work in the gig economy: A research agenda for employment relations and HRM”, Human Resource Management Journal, 30, 114-132.
  • Elayan, M.B. (2021), “Transformation of Human Resources Management Solutions as a Strategic Tool for GIG Workers Contracting”, in: Innovative and Agile Contracting for Digital Transformation and Industry 4.0 (185-207), IGI Global.
  • Farrell, D. & F. Greig (2016), “Paychecks, paydays, and the online platform economy”, in: Proceedings, Annual Conference on Taxation and Minutes of the Annual Meeting of the National Tax Association (1-40), Vol. 109.
  • Gleim, M.R. et al. (2019), “Sharers and sellers: A multi-group examination of gig economy workers' perceptions”, Journal of Business Research, 98(January), 142-152.
  • Graham, M. & M.A. Anwar (2018), “Two models for a fairer sharing economy”, in: N. Davidson et al. (eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of the Sharing Economy (328-340), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Green, D.D. (2018), “Fuelling the gig economy: a case study evaluation of Upwork.com.”, Management and Economic Research Journal, 4, 104-112.
  • Griethuijsen, R.A.L.F. et al. (2014), “Global patterns in students’ views of science and interest in science”, Research in Science Education, 45(4), 581-603.
  • Hair Jr., J.F. et al. (2014), Modelagem de Equações Estruturais Baseada em Covariância (CB-SEM) com o AMOS: Orientações sobre a sua aplicação como uma Ferramenta de Pesquisa de Marketing”, Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 13(2), 44-55.
  • Hair, J. et al. (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th ed., Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall.
  • Hair, J.F. et al. (2019), “When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM”, European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24.
  • Hasija, S. et al. (2020), “Will the pandemic push knowledge work into the gig economy?”, Harvard Business Review, <https://hbr.org/2020/06/will-the-pandemic-push-knowledge-work-into-the-gig-economy>, 23.08.2022.
  • Healy, J. et al. (2017), “Should we take the gig economy seriously?”, Labour & Industry: A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work, 27(3), 232-248.
  • Heeks, R. (2017), “Decent Work and the Digital Gig Economy: A Developing Country Perspective on Employment Impacts and Standards in Online Outsourcing, Crowdwork, etc.”, Center for Development Informatics Global Development Institute, SEED, Working Paper, 71.
  • Heeks, R. et al. (2021), “Systematic evaluation of gig work against decent work standards: The development and application of the Fairwork framework”, Information Society, 37(5), 267-286.
  • HM Government (2018), The experiences of individuals in the gig economy, Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS), <https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gig-economy-research>, 23.08.2022.
  • Huang, N. et al. (2020), “Unemployment and worker participation in the gig economy: Evidence from an online labour market”, Information Systems Research, 31(2), 431-448.
  • Jabagi, N. et al. (2018), “Connecting with gig-workers: An organizational identification perspective”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, (September), 1-25.
  • Jabagi, N. et al. (2019), “Gig-workers' motivation: thinking beyond carrots and sticks”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 34(4), 192-213.
  • Jarrahi, M.H. et al. (2020), “Platformic Management, Boundary Resources for Gig Work, and Worker Autonomy”, Computer Supported Cooperative Work: CSCW: An International Journal, 29(1-2), 153-189.
  • Kaine, S. & E. Josserand (2019), “The organization and experience of work in the gig economy”, Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501.
  • Kässi, O. & V. Lehdonvirta (2018), “Online labour index: Measuring the online gig economy for policy and research”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 137(July), 241-248.
  • Katsnelson, L. & F. Oberholzer-gee (2021), “Being the Boss: Gig Workers’ Value of Flexible Work”, Harvard Business School Working Paper 21-124.
  • Korde, R. et al. (2021), Gig economy India 2020/2021, WageIndicator Foundation.
  • Kuhn, K.M. et al. (2021), “Human resource management and the gig economy: Challenges and opportunities at the intersection between organizational HR decision-makers and digital labour platforms”, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 39, 1-46.
  • Lehdonvirta, V. (2018), “Flexibility in the gig economy: managing time on three online piecework platforms”, New Technology, Work and Employment, 33(1), 13-29.
  • Litvinenko, V.S. (2020), “Digital Economy as a Factor in the Technological Development of the Mineral Sector”, Natural Resources Research, 29(3), 1521-1541.
  • Malik, R. et al. (2021), “The gig economy: Current issues, the debate, and the new avenues of research”, Sustainability, 13(9), 1-20.
  • McKinsey & Company (2016), Independent Work: Choice, Necessity, and the Gig Economy, <https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Featured%20Insights/Employment%20and%20Growth/Independent%20work%20Choice%20necessity%20and%20the%20gig%20economy/Independent-Work-Choice-necessity-and-the-gig-economy-Executive-Summary.ashx>, 23.08.2022.
  • Mead, M. & D.N. Michael (1958), “Summary and Recommendations”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1958.tb32306.x>, 23.08.2022.
  • Mittal, A. & D. Jhamb (2016), “Determinants of shopping mall attractiveness: The Indian context”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 386-390.
  • Mittal, A. et al. (2020), “Predicting university students' adoption of mobile news applications: the role of perceived hedonic value and news motivation”, International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications (IJESMA), 12(4), 42-59.
  • Mousa, M. et al. (2022), “The Inclusion of Gig Employees and their Career Satisfaction: Do Individual and Collaborative Job Crafting Play a Role?”, Public Organization Review, <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-021-00596-4>.
  • NITI Aayog (2022), “India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy: Perspectives and Recommendations on the Future of Work”, Policy Brief, June.
  • Noronha, E. (2020), “Gig economy in India: Problems and Prospects Positives outweighing negatives: the experiences of Indian crowdsourced workers”, Work Organization, Labour & Globalisation, 10(1), 44-63.
  • Osorio, V.V. (2020), “Not a fairy tale: unicorns and social protection of gig workers in Colombia”, SCIS Working Paper Number 7, The Southern Centre for Inequality Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
  • Petriglieri, G. et al. (2019), “Agony and Ecstasy in the Gig Economy: Cultivating Holding Environments for Precarious and Personalized Work Identities”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 64(1), 124-170.
  • Pichault, F. & T. McKeown (2019), “Autonomy at work in the gig economy: analyzing work status, work content and working conditions of independent professionals”, New Technology, Work and Employment, 34(1), 59-72.
  • Pitlik, V. (2019), “The Road to Rights: Protecting On-Demand Workers in the United States Gig Economy”, Master’s Thesis, Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Human Rights Studies.
  • Roy, G. & A.K. Shrivastava (2020), “Future of Gig Economy: Opportunities and Challenges”, IMI Konnect, 9(1), 14-25.
  • Schroeder, A.N. et al. (2021), “Work design in a digitized gig economy”, Human Resource Management Review, 31(1), 100692.
  • Schwellnus, C., et al. (2019), “Gig economy platforms: Boon or Bane?”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1550, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Shalini & Bathini, D.R. (2021), “Gig Workers in The Platform Economy: The Case of App-Based Cab Companies in India”, Doctoral Thesis, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta.
  • Shapiro, A. (2018), “Between autonomy and control: Strategies of arbitrage in the ‘on-demand’ economy”, New Media & Society, 20(8), 2954-2971.
  • Shibly, M.A.M. & T.D. Weerasinghe (2019), “The Impact of Financial Rewards on Work Motivation of Operational Level Employees: Evidence from a Leading Manufacturing Organization in Sri Lanka”, Sri Lanka Journal of Advanced Social Studies, 9(1), 3-17.
  • Singh, S. (2020), “The Social Sector Pioneered the GIG Worker Concept”, in: National Conference GiG Economy Aligning Consumer Preferences: The Way Forward, 31-32.
  • Stewart, P. et al. (2020), “Individualism and Collectivism at Work in an Era of Deindustrialisation: Work Narratives of Food Delivery Couriers in the Platform Economy”, Frontiers in Sociology, 5(July), 1-14.
  • Thompson, L.M. (2019), “Striking A Balance: Extending Minimum Rights To U.S. Gig Economy Workers Based On E.U. Directive 2019/1153 On Transparent And Predictable Working Conditions”, Indiana Int’l & Comp. Law Review, 2, 225-261.
  • Uber Newsroom (2018), <https://www.uber.com/newsroom/10-billion/>, 19.02.2023.
  • Veluchamy, R. et al. (2021), “A Study on Work-Life Integration of GIG Workers”, An Anthology of Multi-Functional Perspectives in Business and Management Research, 1(1), 23-32.
  • Waldkirch, M. et al. (2021), “Controlled by the algorithm, coached by the crowd-how HRM activities take shape on digital work platforms in the gig economy”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(12), 2643-2682.
  • Wheatley, D. (2021), “Workplace location and the quality of work: The case of urban-based workers in the UK”, Urban Studies, 58(11), 2233-2257.
  • Woetzel, J. et al. (2017), India's Labour Market, A New Emphasis on Gainful Employment, McKinsey Global Institute, (June).
  • Wood, A.J. et al. (2019), “Good Gig, Bad Gig: Autonomy and Algorithmic Control in the Global Gig Economy”, Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 56-75.
  • Yakubovich, V. et al. (2018), Timing is money: the flexibility and precariousness of login employment, available at: SSRN 3247017.
  • Yousaf, S. et al. (2014), “Impact of Financial and non Financial Rewards on Employee Motivation”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 21(10), 1776-1786.

Hindistan’da Bilgi Teknolojileri Endüstrisinde İnsan Kaynakları Yönetiminin Gig Sözleşmelerine Yönelmesine Yol Açan Faktörler

Yıl 2023, , 77 - 99, 26.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.05

Öz

Gig ekonomisi, alternatif iş düzenlemeleri için uygun bir alan haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle çalışmada, bilgi teknolojisinde Gig sözleşmesini etkileyen faktörler inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. İncelemede, insan kaynakları yönetimi ile sürdürülebilir dijital ekonominin aracılık ettiği gig iş sözleşmeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek için Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli kullanılarak kavramsal bir çerçeve ortaya konulmaktadır. Özel olarak tasarlanmış bir anket uygulaması sonucunda, işverenlerin karşılaştığı en belirgin engellerin rekabet gücü seviyesi, uzayan çalışma süreleri ve gece geç saatlerdeki teslimat gerektiren işler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Teşvikler, gig sözleşmelerini etkileyen güçlü faktörlerden değildir. Bununla birlikte, esneklik iş yükü baskılarının çoğunu azaltmaktadır.

Proje Numarası

N/A

Kaynakça

  • Anwar, M.A. & M. Graham (2021), “Between a rock and a hard place: Freedom, flexibility, precarity and vulnerability in the gig economy in Africa”, Competition and Change, 25(2), 237-258.
  • Ashford, S.J. et al. (2018), “From surviving to thriving in the gig economy: A research agenda for individuals in the new world of work”, Research in Organisational Behavior, 38, 23-41.
  • Banwari, V. (2018), “Gig Economy: Challenges and Opportunities in India”, Jetir, 5(11), 413-420.
  • Barlage, M. et al. (2019), “The needs of freelancers and the characteristics of 'gigs': Creating beneficial relations between freelancers and their hiring organizations”, Emerald Open Research, 12928.
  • Barratt, T. et al. (2020), “'I'm my own boss…': Active intermediation and 'entrepreneurial' worker agency in the Australian gig-economy”, Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 52(8), 1643-1661.
  • Behl, A. et al. (2022), “Barriers to entry of gig workers in the gig platforms: exploring the dark side of the gig economy”, Aslib Journal of Information Management, 74(5), 819-839.
  • Bryukhovetskaya, S.V. et al. (2020), “Management of digital technology development in the national economy”, in: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 421).
  • Bulian, L. (2021), “The Gig Is Up: Who Does Gig Economy Actually Benefit?”, Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(1), 106-119.
  • Cao, J. (2021), “Research on Development and Optimization of Human Resources in Gig Economy”, in: 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (1288-1298), Atlantis Press.
  • Chandler, S. (2020), “Coronavirus turns Uber into gig platform for all work”, Forbes, <https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonchandler/2020/04/07/coronavirus-turns-uber-into-gig-platform-for-all-work/?sh=1cb2a09a1db9>, 23.08.2022.
  • Christie, N. & H. Ward (2019), “The health and safety risks for people who drive for work in the gig economy”, Journal of Transport and Health, 13(November 2018), 115-127.
  • Cola, D. (2019), Unlocking The Potential of the GIG Economy in India, <https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-300-7/014>, 23.08.2022.
  • Connelly, C.E. et al. (2021), “Working in the digitized economy: HRM theory & practice”, Human Resource Management Review, 31(1), 1-7.
  • Cooke, L.F. et al. (2022), “Building sustainable societies through human-centred human resource management: emerging issues and research opportunities”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(1), 1-15.
  • Davidescu, A.A.M. et al. (2020), “Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among Romanian employees-Implications for sustainable human resource management”, Sustainability, 12(15), 6086.
  • De Stefano, V. (2016), “The rise of the 'just-in-time workforce': on demand work, crowdwork, and labor protection in the 'gig economy'“, Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 37(3), 461-471.
  • Duggan, J. et al. (2020), “Algorithmic management and app‐work in the gig economy: A research agenda for employment relations and HRM”, Human Resource Management Journal, 30, 114-132.
  • Elayan, M.B. (2021), “Transformation of Human Resources Management Solutions as a Strategic Tool for GIG Workers Contracting”, in: Innovative and Agile Contracting for Digital Transformation and Industry 4.0 (185-207), IGI Global.
  • Farrell, D. & F. Greig (2016), “Paychecks, paydays, and the online platform economy”, in: Proceedings, Annual Conference on Taxation and Minutes of the Annual Meeting of the National Tax Association (1-40), Vol. 109.
  • Gleim, M.R. et al. (2019), “Sharers and sellers: A multi-group examination of gig economy workers' perceptions”, Journal of Business Research, 98(January), 142-152.
  • Graham, M. & M.A. Anwar (2018), “Two models for a fairer sharing economy”, in: N. Davidson et al. (eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of the Sharing Economy (328-340), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Green, D.D. (2018), “Fuelling the gig economy: a case study evaluation of Upwork.com.”, Management and Economic Research Journal, 4, 104-112.
  • Griethuijsen, R.A.L.F. et al. (2014), “Global patterns in students’ views of science and interest in science”, Research in Science Education, 45(4), 581-603.
  • Hair Jr., J.F. et al. (2014), Modelagem de Equações Estruturais Baseada em Covariância (CB-SEM) com o AMOS: Orientações sobre a sua aplicação como uma Ferramenta de Pesquisa de Marketing”, Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 13(2), 44-55.
  • Hair, J. et al. (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th ed., Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall.
  • Hair, J.F. et al. (2019), “When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM”, European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24.
  • Hasija, S. et al. (2020), “Will the pandemic push knowledge work into the gig economy?”, Harvard Business Review, <https://hbr.org/2020/06/will-the-pandemic-push-knowledge-work-into-the-gig-economy>, 23.08.2022.
  • Healy, J. et al. (2017), “Should we take the gig economy seriously?”, Labour & Industry: A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work, 27(3), 232-248.
  • Heeks, R. (2017), “Decent Work and the Digital Gig Economy: A Developing Country Perspective on Employment Impacts and Standards in Online Outsourcing, Crowdwork, etc.”, Center for Development Informatics Global Development Institute, SEED, Working Paper, 71.
  • Heeks, R. et al. (2021), “Systematic evaluation of gig work against decent work standards: The development and application of the Fairwork framework”, Information Society, 37(5), 267-286.
  • HM Government (2018), The experiences of individuals in the gig economy, Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS), <https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gig-economy-research>, 23.08.2022.
  • Huang, N. et al. (2020), “Unemployment and worker participation in the gig economy: Evidence from an online labour market”, Information Systems Research, 31(2), 431-448.
  • Jabagi, N. et al. (2018), “Connecting with gig-workers: An organizational identification perspective”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, (September), 1-25.
  • Jabagi, N. et al. (2019), “Gig-workers' motivation: thinking beyond carrots and sticks”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 34(4), 192-213.
  • Jarrahi, M.H. et al. (2020), “Platformic Management, Boundary Resources for Gig Work, and Worker Autonomy”, Computer Supported Cooperative Work: CSCW: An International Journal, 29(1-2), 153-189.
  • Kaine, S. & E. Josserand (2019), “The organization and experience of work in the gig economy”, Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501.
  • Kässi, O. & V. Lehdonvirta (2018), “Online labour index: Measuring the online gig economy for policy and research”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 137(July), 241-248.
  • Katsnelson, L. & F. Oberholzer-gee (2021), “Being the Boss: Gig Workers’ Value of Flexible Work”, Harvard Business School Working Paper 21-124.
  • Korde, R. et al. (2021), Gig economy India 2020/2021, WageIndicator Foundation.
  • Kuhn, K.M. et al. (2021), “Human resource management and the gig economy: Challenges and opportunities at the intersection between organizational HR decision-makers and digital labour platforms”, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 39, 1-46.
  • Lehdonvirta, V. (2018), “Flexibility in the gig economy: managing time on three online piecework platforms”, New Technology, Work and Employment, 33(1), 13-29.
  • Litvinenko, V.S. (2020), “Digital Economy as a Factor in the Technological Development of the Mineral Sector”, Natural Resources Research, 29(3), 1521-1541.
  • Malik, R. et al. (2021), “The gig economy: Current issues, the debate, and the new avenues of research”, Sustainability, 13(9), 1-20.
  • McKinsey & Company (2016), Independent Work: Choice, Necessity, and the Gig Economy, <https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Featured%20Insights/Employment%20and%20Growth/Independent%20work%20Choice%20necessity%20and%20the%20gig%20economy/Independent-Work-Choice-necessity-and-the-gig-economy-Executive-Summary.ashx>, 23.08.2022.
  • Mead, M. & D.N. Michael (1958), “Summary and Recommendations”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1958.tb32306.x>, 23.08.2022.
  • Mittal, A. & D. Jhamb (2016), “Determinants of shopping mall attractiveness: The Indian context”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 386-390.
  • Mittal, A. et al. (2020), “Predicting university students' adoption of mobile news applications: the role of perceived hedonic value and news motivation”, International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications (IJESMA), 12(4), 42-59.
  • Mousa, M. et al. (2022), “The Inclusion of Gig Employees and their Career Satisfaction: Do Individual and Collaborative Job Crafting Play a Role?”, Public Organization Review, <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-021-00596-4>.
  • NITI Aayog (2022), “India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy: Perspectives and Recommendations on the Future of Work”, Policy Brief, June.
  • Noronha, E. (2020), “Gig economy in India: Problems and Prospects Positives outweighing negatives: the experiences of Indian crowdsourced workers”, Work Organization, Labour & Globalisation, 10(1), 44-63.
  • Osorio, V.V. (2020), “Not a fairy tale: unicorns and social protection of gig workers in Colombia”, SCIS Working Paper Number 7, The Southern Centre for Inequality Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
  • Petriglieri, G. et al. (2019), “Agony and Ecstasy in the Gig Economy: Cultivating Holding Environments for Precarious and Personalized Work Identities”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 64(1), 124-170.
  • Pichault, F. & T. McKeown (2019), “Autonomy at work in the gig economy: analyzing work status, work content and working conditions of independent professionals”, New Technology, Work and Employment, 34(1), 59-72.
  • Pitlik, V. (2019), “The Road to Rights: Protecting On-Demand Workers in the United States Gig Economy”, Master’s Thesis, Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Human Rights Studies.
  • Roy, G. & A.K. Shrivastava (2020), “Future of Gig Economy: Opportunities and Challenges”, IMI Konnect, 9(1), 14-25.
  • Schroeder, A.N. et al. (2021), “Work design in a digitized gig economy”, Human Resource Management Review, 31(1), 100692.
  • Schwellnus, C., et al. (2019), “Gig economy platforms: Boon or Bane?”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1550, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Shalini & Bathini, D.R. (2021), “Gig Workers in The Platform Economy: The Case of App-Based Cab Companies in India”, Doctoral Thesis, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta.
  • Shapiro, A. (2018), “Between autonomy and control: Strategies of arbitrage in the ‘on-demand’ economy”, New Media & Society, 20(8), 2954-2971.
  • Shibly, M.A.M. & T.D. Weerasinghe (2019), “The Impact of Financial Rewards on Work Motivation of Operational Level Employees: Evidence from a Leading Manufacturing Organization in Sri Lanka”, Sri Lanka Journal of Advanced Social Studies, 9(1), 3-17.
  • Singh, S. (2020), “The Social Sector Pioneered the GIG Worker Concept”, in: National Conference GiG Economy Aligning Consumer Preferences: The Way Forward, 31-32.
  • Stewart, P. et al. (2020), “Individualism and Collectivism at Work in an Era of Deindustrialisation: Work Narratives of Food Delivery Couriers in the Platform Economy”, Frontiers in Sociology, 5(July), 1-14.
  • Thompson, L.M. (2019), “Striking A Balance: Extending Minimum Rights To U.S. Gig Economy Workers Based On E.U. Directive 2019/1153 On Transparent And Predictable Working Conditions”, Indiana Int’l & Comp. Law Review, 2, 225-261.
  • Uber Newsroom (2018), <https://www.uber.com/newsroom/10-billion/>, 19.02.2023.
  • Veluchamy, R. et al. (2021), “A Study on Work-Life Integration of GIG Workers”, An Anthology of Multi-Functional Perspectives in Business and Management Research, 1(1), 23-32.
  • Waldkirch, M. et al. (2021), “Controlled by the algorithm, coached by the crowd-how HRM activities take shape on digital work platforms in the gig economy”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(12), 2643-2682.
  • Wheatley, D. (2021), “Workplace location and the quality of work: The case of urban-based workers in the UK”, Urban Studies, 58(11), 2233-2257.
  • Woetzel, J. et al. (2017), India's Labour Market, A New Emphasis on Gainful Employment, McKinsey Global Institute, (June).
  • Wood, A.J. et al. (2019), “Good Gig, Bad Gig: Autonomy and Algorithmic Control in the Global Gig Economy”, Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 56-75.
  • Yakubovich, V. et al. (2018), Timing is money: the flexibility and precariousness of login employment, available at: SSRN 3247017.
  • Yousaf, S. et al. (2014), “Impact of Financial and non Financial Rewards on Employee Motivation”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 21(10), 1776-1786.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

H.r. Swapna Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0362-409X

Geetika Madaan 0000-0001-8141-9935

Amrinder Singh Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0830-7245

Kıran Sood 0000-0001-6177-5318

Simon Grıma 0000-0003-1523-5120

Proje Numarası N/A
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Swapna, H., Madaan, G., Singh, A., Sood, K., vd. (2023). Factors Causing the Indian Information Technology Industry’s Human Resource Management to Change to Gig Contracts. Sosyoekonomi, 31(57), 77-99. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.05
AMA Swapna H, Madaan G, Singh A, Sood K, Grıma S. Factors Causing the Indian Information Technology Industry’s Human Resource Management to Change to Gig Contracts. Sosyoekonomi. Temmuz 2023;31(57):77-99. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.05
Chicago Swapna, H.r., Geetika Madaan, Amrinder Singh, Kıran Sood, ve Simon Grıma. “Factors Causing the Indian Information Technology Industry’s Human Resource Management to Change to Gig Contracts”. Sosyoekonomi 31, sy. 57 (Temmuz 2023): 77-99. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.05.
EndNote Swapna H, Madaan G, Singh A, Sood K, Grıma S (01 Temmuz 2023) Factors Causing the Indian Information Technology Industry’s Human Resource Management to Change to Gig Contracts. Sosyoekonomi 31 57 77–99.
IEEE H. Swapna, G. Madaan, A. Singh, K. Sood, ve S. Grıma, “Factors Causing the Indian Information Technology Industry’s Human Resource Management to Change to Gig Contracts”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 31, sy. 57, ss. 77–99, 2023, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.05.
ISNAD Swapna, H.r. vd. “Factors Causing the Indian Information Technology Industry’s Human Resource Management to Change to Gig Contracts”. Sosyoekonomi 31/57 (Temmuz 2023), 77-99. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.05.
JAMA Swapna H, Madaan G, Singh A, Sood K, Grıma S. Factors Causing the Indian Information Technology Industry’s Human Resource Management to Change to Gig Contracts. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31:77–99.
MLA Swapna, H.r. vd. “Factors Causing the Indian Information Technology Industry’s Human Resource Management to Change to Gig Contracts”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 31, sy. 57, 2023, ss. 77-99, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.05.
Vancouver Swapna H, Madaan G, Singh A, Sood K, Grıma S. Factors Causing the Indian Information Technology Industry’s Human Resource Management to Change to Gig Contracts. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31(57):77-99.