Araştırma Makalesi
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Asymmetric Globalization and Violence, Postmodern Geopolitics of 1% and Greenhouse Effect

3 - 45, 31.05.2017
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.315031

Öz

In the early 21st century, “life” (bios) which can be described as a common feature of all living beings, namely the phenomenon of living/vitality, started to constitute both the subject and the object of global power struggle and thus to expose the reified individual to biological reductionism. Rent seeking attempts of interest groups and their territorial networks, which create inequality and injustice cause rage and eventually violence, and thus leading authorities to highlight their violence cards once again. With personalized powers, the postmodern version of the 19th century have begun to emerge itself within the period. By the asymmetry also reflected in conflicts, Public/Government armies have excluded from the political equation while specialized military forces of the Capital and non-state armed organizations come on the scene in Fourth Generation Wars. Wars have hybridized. Violence on one hand has politicized through religion and ethnicity and globalized on geo-cultural level, while the geo-cultural disintegration, which it creates, does establish grounds for international interventions to become legit. By the Global Civil War and Nebulas whom gained advantage by intervening it through the military-industrial complex, warming the geopolitics with the greenhouse effect. In this article, emerging propensity for violence in the global and local systems at the level of actor-system within the framework of critical geopolitical discipline has questioned and as on each field where commoditization and commercialization has spread out, privatization of war and violence has studied from various perspectives.

Kaynakça

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Asimetrik Küreselleşme ve Şiddet, %1’in Postmodern Jeopolitiği ve Sera Etkisi

3 - 45, 31.05.2017
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.315031

Öz

XXI. Yüzyıl başlangıcında, bütün canlı varlıkların ortak özelliği olan
yaşama/canlılık olgusu “Hayat”(bios) küresel güç mücadelesinin hem özne hem de nesnesini
teşkil etmiştir. İnsan “şey”leştirilmekte ve biyolojik indirgemeye maruz kalmaktadır.
Çıkar grupları ve teritoryal ağlarının eşitsizlik ve adaletsizlik yaratan rant arayışları,
hiddete ve sonuçta şiddete bu da yönetimlerin karşı şiddet kartını yeniden ön plana
çıkarmasına neden olmuş, kişiselleşen iktidarlar ile XIX. yüzyılın postmodern sürümü
kendisini göstermeye başlamıştır. Çatışmalara yansıyan asimetri ile Halk/Devlet
Orduları siyasi denklemden çıkarılmakta, sermayenin özelleştirilmiş askeri kuvvetleri
ile ulus/devlet-dışı silahlı örgütler IV. Nesil Savaşlar’da sahneye çıkmakta, savaşlar
hibritleşmektedir. Şiddet bir yanda din ve etnisite üzerinden siyasallaşarak jeokültürel
zeminde küreselleşirken, yarattığı jeokültürel parçalanma uluslararası müdahalelerin
meşrulaşmasına zemin hazırlamaktadır. “Küresel iç savaş” ve buna müdahaleyi askeri-endüstriyel
kompleks üzerinden ranta çeviren nebülöz şiddetin sera etkisiyle jeopolitiği
iyice ısıtmıştır. Bu makalede küresel ve yerel sistemlerde ortaya çıkan şiddet eğilimi,
sistem ve aktör düzeyinde eleştirel jeopolitik disiplini çerçevesinde sorgulanmakta,
metalaşma ve ticarileşmenin yayıldığı her alan gibi savaş ve şiddetin özelleştirilmesi
çeşitli açılardan incelenmektedir.

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  • CONIS (2013), Conflict Barometer 2013, Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research, <file:///C:/Users/O%C4%9FuzhanDesktop/Y%C3%96NET%C4%B0%C5%9E%C4%B0M%20 VE%20%C5%9E%C4%B0DDET/ConflictBarometer2013.pdf>, 20.03.2014.
  • Eurostat (2014), Gini-Koeffizient des verfügbaren Äquivalenzeinkommens, (Quelle: SILC) <http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ tgm/table.do?tab=table&init= 1&plugin=1&pcode= tessi190&language=de>, 20.03.2015.
  • Filla, B. (2005), Formen privatisierter Gewalt: von mafiotischer Gewalt bis zu kommerzialisierter Sicherheit Rahmenbedingungen und Besonderheiten des Einsatzes von Private Military Companies (PMC), Araştırma Semineri Dü. E. Kreisky, <http://evakreisky.at/onlinetexte/Filla_Formen_ Privatisierter_Gewalt.pdf>, 24.02.2015.
  • Global Research (17.01.2013), Government Pushes Propaganda through Video Games, <http://www.globalresearch.ca/government-pushes-propaganda-through-video-games/5319342 http://www.globalresearch.ca>, 10.02.2013.
  • Hakami, K. (2005), “Vortrag: Kriegs-Erklärungen zwischen Carneiro und Clausewitz”, içinde: Ringvorlesung “Krieg Ringvorlesung, Kriegund Militär zwischen Geschichte und Politikwissenschaft”, der Universität Wien, Wise Seminaer 2005/06.
  • Human Rights First (2008), Private Contractors at War, Ending the Culture of Impunity, Ocak, <http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/08115-usls-psc-final.pdf>, Human Rights First Report Fn. 26, 20.06.2015.
  • Münkler, H. (2003), “Die Neuen Kriege. Privatisierung und Kommerzialisierung kriegerischer Gewalt und Ihre Folgen”, Vortrag bei Berliner SPD am 26.03.2003, <http://fa1.spd-berlin.de/Textversionen/muenkl.pdf>, 12.02.2014.
  • Mazlum Der (2009), Felluce’de Yaşanan Katliamı Unutmayacağız!, 11.07.2009, <http://istanbul.mazlumder.org/faaliyetler/detay/basin-aciklamalari/1/fellucede-yasanan-katliami-unutmayacagiz/824>, 13.03.2010.
  • NATO Brief, Hybride Kriegsführung - hybride Reaktion?, <http://www.nato.int/docu/ review/2014/Russia-Ukraine-Nato-crisis/Russia-Ukraine-crisis-war/de/index.htm>, 20.03.2015.
  • OECD (2014), Focus on Inequality and Growth, 09.12.2014, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, <http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/Focus-Inequality-and-Growth-2014.pdf>, 16.01.2015.
  • OECD (2015), In It Together: Why Less Inequality Benefits All, OECD Publishing, Paris, 21.05.2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264235120-en, <http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/employment/in-it-together-why-less-inequality-benefits->, 20.03.2015.
  • OECD, “Income Distribution and Poverty”, Data On Income Distribution and Inequality <http://www.oecd.org/social/in-it-together-why-less-inequality-benefits-all-9789264235120-en.htm>, 22.05.2015.
  • RESET (2013), Waffenhandel, <http://reset.org/knowledge/waffenhandel>, 11.01.2014.
  • Schaller, C. (2005), “Private Sicherheits- und Militärfirmen in bewaffneten Konflikten”, Völkerrechtliche Einsatzbedingungen und Kontrollmöglichkeiten, Stiftung für Wissenschaft und Politik, Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, SWP-Studie 24, September 2005, <http://www.swp-berlin.org/de/common/ get_document.php?asset_id=24l5>, 19.01.2015.
  • SIPRI, (2014), <http://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2014/05>, 20.03.2015.
  • Soldz, S. (2008), “Felluce, Bilgi Savaşı ve ABD Propagandası, 2008”, Dünya Bülteni, İstihbarat Analizi, Felluce Katliamı Raporu, Nisan 2004, Felluce saldırısıyla ilgili İstihbarat Analizi, <http://www.dunyabulteni.net/?aType =haberYazdir&ArticleID=32954&tip=arhaber>, 20.03.2010.
  • Sturn, S.B. (2005), “Der Militärisch-Industrielle Komplex und die Privatisierung von Krieg”, Am Beispiel Carlyle, Eva Kreisky (Ed.), Forschungsseminar: Formen privatisierter Gewalt - Von mafiotischer Gewalt bis zu kommerzialisierter Sicherheit, <http://evakreisky.at/onlinetexte /Militaer-Industrie-Komplex.pdf>, 20.03.2015.
  • The Secretary of Defence, Pentagon (2012), Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense. Primary Missions of the U.S. Armed Forces, <http://www.defense.gov/news/Defense_Strategic-_Guidance.pdf>, 22.06.2015.
  • The Small Arms Survey, (2012), <http://www.smallarmssurvey.org /publications/by-type /yearbook/small-arms-survey-2012.html>, Geneva, Switzerland 11.01.2014.
  • Truppendienst (2008), “Weltgeschehen Blackwater - eine Folge des Outsourcing”, Wien, Folge 301, Ausgabe 1/2008, <http://www.bmlv.gv.at/truppendienst/ausgaben/artikel.php?id=688>, 20.03.2014.
  • U.K. High Pay Commision (2012), “Cheques with Balances: Why Tackling High Pay Is in the National Interest”, Final report of the High Pay Commission, <http://highpaycentre.org/files /Cheques_with_Balances.pdf>, 20.03.2013.
  • U.S. Department of Defense (2013), Base Structur Report, Fiscal Year 2013, Baseline, <http://www.globalsecurity.org/jhtml/jframe.html#http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2012/120930_fy13_baseline_dod_bsr.pdf>, 20.03.2014.
  • U.S. Depertnent of Defense, (2015), “NATO Focuses on Combatting Hybrid Warfare”, DoD News (14.05.2015), Defense Media Activity, <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ library/news/2015/05/mil-150514-afps04.htm?_ m=3n%2e002a%2e1417%2eeb0ao067y9%2e 1aug>, 20.07.2015.
  • UNHCR (2015), Global Trends - Jahresbericht 2015, <https://www.uno-fluechtlingshilfe.de/fluechtlinge/zahlen-fakten.html>, 03.07.2016.
  • Werner, R. (2005), Private Militärische Unternehmen, Vortrag auf der 22. Internationalen Sommerakademie des Österreichischen Studienzentrums für Frieden und Konfliktforschung, Burg Schlaining.
  • Brück, T. (2013), “Eine Welt ohne Waffen ist eine Illusion”, SIPRI, Röportajı Yapan: Florian Guckelsberger, Röportaj Tarihi: 16.04.2013; <http://www.theeuropean.de/tilman-brueck/6762-sipri-und-der-globale-handel-mit-waffen>, 20.03.2014.
  • Internationalen Instituts für Strategische Studien (IISS) (2015), “Experten warnen vor hybrider Kriegsführung”, Londra Uzmanları, Die Welt, Röportajı Yapan: Michael Stürmer, Röportaj Tarihi: 11.02.2015, <http://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article137341869/Experten-warnen-vor-hybrider-Kriegsfuehrung.html>, 20.03.2015.
  • Nye, J.S. (2011), “Mächtige Umverteilung”, drradio, Röportajı Yapan: K. Ridderbusch, Röportaj Tarihi: 27.06.2011, <http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/maechtige-umverteilung.1310.de.html?dram:article_id=194393>, 10.04.2012.
  • Steinmeier F.W. (2015). “Der nicht erklärte Krieg”, Deutschlandfunk, Röportajı Yapan: Annette Riedel, Röportaj Tarihi: 07.03.2015, <http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/hybrid-war-der-nicht-erklaerte-krieg.1773.de.html?dram:article_id=313572>, 10.05.2015.
Toplam 127 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Oğuzhan Ergün

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Şubat 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017

Kaynak Göster

APA Ergün, O. (t.y.). Asymmetric Globalization and Violence, Postmodern Geopolitics of 1% and Greenhouse Effect. Sosyoekonomi(01), 3-45. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.315031
AMA Ergün O. Asymmetric Globalization and Violence, Postmodern Geopolitics of 1% and Greenhouse Effect. Sosyoekonomi. (01):3-45. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.315031
Chicago Ergün, Oğuzhan. “Asymmetric Globalization and Violence, Postmodern Geopolitics of 1% and Greenhouse Effect”. Sosyoekonomi, sy. 01t.y.: 3-45. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.315031.
EndNote Ergün O Asymmetric Globalization and Violence, Postmodern Geopolitics of 1% and Greenhouse Effect. Sosyoekonomi 01 3–45.
IEEE O. Ergün, “Asymmetric Globalization and Violence, Postmodern Geopolitics of 1% and Greenhouse Effect”, Sosyoekonomi, sy. 01, ss. 3–45, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.315031.
ISNAD Ergün, Oğuzhan. “Asymmetric Globalization and Violence, Postmodern Geopolitics of 1% and Greenhouse Effect”. Sosyoekonomi 01 (t.y.), 3-45. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.315031.
JAMA Ergün O. Asymmetric Globalization and Violence, Postmodern Geopolitics of 1% and Greenhouse Effect. Sosyoekonomi.;:3–45.
MLA Ergün, Oğuzhan. “Asymmetric Globalization and Violence, Postmodern Geopolitics of 1% and Greenhouse Effect”. Sosyoekonomi, sy. 01, ss. 3-45, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.315031.
Vancouver Ergün O. Asymmetric Globalization and Violence, Postmodern Geopolitics of 1% and Greenhouse Effect. Sosyoekonomi. (01):3-45.