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Yerinden Yönetim ve Yoksulluğun Azaltılması: Kenya’daki Fırsatlar ve Zorluklar

Yıl 2018, , 179 - 196, 30.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2018.02.10

Öz

Kenya, merkeziyetçiliğin yerine adem-i merkeziyetçiliği tercih eden dünyadaki en yeni ülkelerden sayılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bununla demokrasiyi, ulusal birliği, kendiliğinden yönetimi, kaynakların eşit düzeyde paylaşımını, kuvvetler ayrılığının gelişimini sağlamayı amaçlayan Kenya, kendi potansiyelini sağlamamakla beraber bugün yetki devri toplumun beklentilerini artırmıştır. Kenya’da eski yönetim sistemin devam etmesi, artan harcamalar, nitelikli insan gücünün yetersizliği, tespit edilmiş olan yolsuzluklar ve aktif biçimde olmayan yerel katılım gibi zorluklar bulunmaktadır. Bütün bu sorunlara rağmen, güçlü anayasal destek, aktif sivil toplum ve ülkenin demokratik siyasi yapısı Kenya’da, yetki devrinin başarı sağlanması amacına yönelik fırsatlar sunmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Commission on Revenue Allocation. (2014). CRA Recommendation on the Criteria for Sharing Revenue among Counties for Financial Years 2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018. Nairobi: Commission on Revenue Allocation.
  • Commission on Revenue Allocation. (2017, March 11). Functions of County Government. Retrieved from Commission on Revenue Allocation: http://www.crakenya.org/functions-of-county-government/
  • Cox, E., Henderson, G., & Raikes, L. (2014). Decentralisation Decade: A Plan for Economic Prosperity, Public Service Transformation and Democratic Renewal in England. Newcastle: Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR North).
  • Crook, R. C. (2003). Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction in Africa: The Politics of Local-Central Relations. Wiley InterScience, 77-88.
  • Crook, R. C., & Sverrisson, S. (2001). Decentralisation and Poverty-alleviation in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis or, is West Bengal Unique.
  • Crook, R., & Manor, J. (1998). Democracy and Decentralisation in South Asia and West Africa: Participation, Accountability and Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dethier, J.-J. (2004). Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction: Exploring the Linkages. the OECD Workshop on "Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction: From Lessons Learned to Policy Action". Paris: the Development Centre and the DAC Network on Governance (GOVNET).
  • Devas, N., & Grant, U. (2003). Local Government Decision-Making - Citizen Participation and Local Accountability: Some Evidence from Kenya and Uganda. The International Journal of Management Research and Practice-Wiley InterScience, Public Admin. Dev. 23, 307-316.
  • Eaton, K., Kaiser, K., & Smoke, P. (2011). The Political Economy of Decentralization Reforms: Implications for Aid Effectiveness. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  • Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2000). Decentralization and Corruption: Evidence Across Countries? World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper 2290.
  • Ford, J. (1999). Rationale for Decentralization. In J. Litvack, & J. Seddon, Decentralization Briefing Notes (pp. 6-8). Washington, D.C: World Bank Institute in collaboration with PREM network.
  • Fried, R. C., & Rabinovitz, F. F. (1980). Comparative urban politics, a performance approach. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
  • Galasso, E., & Ravallion, M. (2001). Decentralized Targeting of an Anti-Poverty Program. Development Research Group, World Bank.
  • Handley, G., Higgins, K., & Sharma, B. (2009). Poverty and poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa: An overview of the issues. Overseas Development Institute, ODI Working Paper 299.
  • Huther, J., & Shah, A. (1998). Applying a Simple Measure of Good Governance to the Debate on Fiscal Decentralization. The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper 1498.
  • Kessey, K. (1995). Financing Local Development in Ghana (Kumasi). University of Dortmund: Dortmund.
  • Khaunya, M. F., Wawire, B. P., & Chepng’eno, V. (2015). Devolved Governance in Kenya; Is it a False Start in Democratic Decentralization for Development? . International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 27-37.
  • Kirira, N. (2011). Public Finance under Kenya’s new Constitution. Society for International Development (SID), SID Constitution Working Paper No. 5.
  • Litvack, J., Ahmad, J., & Bird, R. (1998). Rethinking Decentralization in Developing Countries. The World Bank, Sector Studies Series.
  • Los Angeles Times. (1997, July 25). Scottish Parliament Part of Decentralization Plan. Retrieved from Los Angeles Times: http://articles.latimes.com/1997/jul/25/news/mn-16224
  • Ndii, D. (2010). Decentralization in Kenya Background Note. Worldbank.org/INTAFRICA, 1-21.
  • Ng'ethe, N. (1998). The Politics of Democratisation through decentralisation in Kenya: Policy and Pratice with Emphasis on the District Focus for Rural Development. In J. D. Barkan, Five monographs on decentralization and democratization in sub-Saharan Africa: Occassional Papers (pp. 44-49). Lowa: University of Lowa.
  • Nzouankeu, J. M. (1994). Decentralization and Democracy in Africa. International Review of Administrative Sciences, vol. 60, 213-227. Office of The Controller of Budget. (2016). Annual County Governments Budget Implementation Review Report FY 2015/16. Nairobi: Office of The Controller of Budget.
  • Ozmen, A. (2014). Notes to The Concept of Decentralization. European Scientific Journal, vol.10, No.10.
  • Rabinovitz, F. F., & Fried, R. C. (1980). Comparative Urban Politics, a Performance Approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Rondinelli, D. (1981). Government Decentralization in Comparative Perspective: Theory and Practice in Developing Countries. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 47 (2): 133-145.
  • Rondinelli, D. (1989). Decentralizing Urban Development Programs: A Framework for Analyzing Policy. Washington, D.C: U.S Agency for International Development, Office of Housing and Urban Programs.
  • Rondinelli, D. (1999). What Is Decentralization. In J. Litvack, & J. Seddon, Decentralization Briefing Notes (pp. 2-5). Washington, D.C: World Bank Institute in collaboration with PREM network.
  • Schneider, A. (Fall 2003). Decentralization: Conceptualization and Measurement. Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 32-56.
  • Society for International Development (SID). (2004). Pulling Apart: Facts and Figures on Inequality in Kenya. Nairobi: Society for International Development.
  • Steiner, S. (2007). Decentralisation and Poverty: Conceptial Framework and Application to Uganda. The International Journal of Management Research and Practice-Wiley InterScience, Public Admin. Dev. 27, 175-185.
  • Therkildsen, O. (1998). Local Government and Households in Primary Education in Tanzania: Some Lessons for Reform. Centre for Development and Research Working Paper 98.6.
  • Webster, N. (1989). Agrarian Relations in Burdwan District,. West Bengal: From the Economics of Green Revolution to the Politics of. Panchayati Raj. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 20(2): 177-211.
  • Webster, N. (1990). Panchayati Raj and the Decentralisation of Development Planning in West Bengal: A case Study. CDR Project Paper 90.7. Copenhagen: Centre for Development Research.
  • Webster, N. (2000). Institutionalised participation of the poor for poverty reduction in West Bengal. In P. Collins, Applying Public Administration in Development: Guideposts to the Future (pp. 315-328). Chichester: Wiley.
  • World Bank. (2003). World Development Report 2014: Making Services Work for Poor People. Washington, D.C: World Bank.
  • World Bank. (2008). Decentralization in Client Countries: An Evaluation of World Bank Support (1990-2007). Washington D.C: The World Bank.
  • World Bnak. (2012). Devolution Without Distruption: Pathways to a successful new Kenya. Nairobi: World Bank. Retrieved from The World Bank.

Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges in Kenya

Yıl 2018, , 179 - 196, 30.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2018.02.10

Öz

Kenya is the newest to join a growing number of countries opting for decentralization over centralization. Aimed to promote democracy, accountability, national unity, self-governance, equitable sharing of resources and checks and balances and the separation of powers; devolution in Kenya comes with massive expectations in a country that have failed to achieve its potentials. There exist challenges such as old system hangovers, growing recurrent expenditure, shortage of qualified manpower, reported cases corruption and lack of active local participation. Despite these challenges, strong constitutional support, vibrant civil society, and democratic political structure of the country provide opportunities for devolution to succeed in kenya.

Kaynakça

  • Commission on Revenue Allocation. (2014). CRA Recommendation on the Criteria for Sharing Revenue among Counties for Financial Years 2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018. Nairobi: Commission on Revenue Allocation.
  • Commission on Revenue Allocation. (2017, March 11). Functions of County Government. Retrieved from Commission on Revenue Allocation: http://www.crakenya.org/functions-of-county-government/
  • Cox, E., Henderson, G., & Raikes, L. (2014). Decentralisation Decade: A Plan for Economic Prosperity, Public Service Transformation and Democratic Renewal in England. Newcastle: Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR North).
  • Crook, R. C. (2003). Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction in Africa: The Politics of Local-Central Relations. Wiley InterScience, 77-88.
  • Crook, R. C., & Sverrisson, S. (2001). Decentralisation and Poverty-alleviation in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis or, is West Bengal Unique.
  • Crook, R., & Manor, J. (1998). Democracy and Decentralisation in South Asia and West Africa: Participation, Accountability and Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dethier, J.-J. (2004). Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction: Exploring the Linkages. the OECD Workshop on "Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction: From Lessons Learned to Policy Action". Paris: the Development Centre and the DAC Network on Governance (GOVNET).
  • Devas, N., & Grant, U. (2003). Local Government Decision-Making - Citizen Participation and Local Accountability: Some Evidence from Kenya and Uganda. The International Journal of Management Research and Practice-Wiley InterScience, Public Admin. Dev. 23, 307-316.
  • Eaton, K., Kaiser, K., & Smoke, P. (2011). The Political Economy of Decentralization Reforms: Implications for Aid Effectiveness. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  • Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2000). Decentralization and Corruption: Evidence Across Countries? World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper 2290.
  • Ford, J. (1999). Rationale for Decentralization. In J. Litvack, & J. Seddon, Decentralization Briefing Notes (pp. 6-8). Washington, D.C: World Bank Institute in collaboration with PREM network.
  • Fried, R. C., & Rabinovitz, F. F. (1980). Comparative urban politics, a performance approach. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
  • Galasso, E., & Ravallion, M. (2001). Decentralized Targeting of an Anti-Poverty Program. Development Research Group, World Bank.
  • Handley, G., Higgins, K., & Sharma, B. (2009). Poverty and poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa: An overview of the issues. Overseas Development Institute, ODI Working Paper 299.
  • Huther, J., & Shah, A. (1998). Applying a Simple Measure of Good Governance to the Debate on Fiscal Decentralization. The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper 1498.
  • Kessey, K. (1995). Financing Local Development in Ghana (Kumasi). University of Dortmund: Dortmund.
  • Khaunya, M. F., Wawire, B. P., & Chepng’eno, V. (2015). Devolved Governance in Kenya; Is it a False Start in Democratic Decentralization for Development? . International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 27-37.
  • Kirira, N. (2011). Public Finance under Kenya’s new Constitution. Society for International Development (SID), SID Constitution Working Paper No. 5.
  • Litvack, J., Ahmad, J., & Bird, R. (1998). Rethinking Decentralization in Developing Countries. The World Bank, Sector Studies Series.
  • Los Angeles Times. (1997, July 25). Scottish Parliament Part of Decentralization Plan. Retrieved from Los Angeles Times: http://articles.latimes.com/1997/jul/25/news/mn-16224
  • Ndii, D. (2010). Decentralization in Kenya Background Note. Worldbank.org/INTAFRICA, 1-21.
  • Ng'ethe, N. (1998). The Politics of Democratisation through decentralisation in Kenya: Policy and Pratice with Emphasis on the District Focus for Rural Development. In J. D. Barkan, Five monographs on decentralization and democratization in sub-Saharan Africa: Occassional Papers (pp. 44-49). Lowa: University of Lowa.
  • Nzouankeu, J. M. (1994). Decentralization and Democracy in Africa. International Review of Administrative Sciences, vol. 60, 213-227. Office of The Controller of Budget. (2016). Annual County Governments Budget Implementation Review Report FY 2015/16. Nairobi: Office of The Controller of Budget.
  • Ozmen, A. (2014). Notes to The Concept of Decentralization. European Scientific Journal, vol.10, No.10.
  • Rabinovitz, F. F., & Fried, R. C. (1980). Comparative Urban Politics, a Performance Approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Rondinelli, D. (1981). Government Decentralization in Comparative Perspective: Theory and Practice in Developing Countries. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 47 (2): 133-145.
  • Rondinelli, D. (1989). Decentralizing Urban Development Programs: A Framework for Analyzing Policy. Washington, D.C: U.S Agency for International Development, Office of Housing and Urban Programs.
  • Rondinelli, D. (1999). What Is Decentralization. In J. Litvack, & J. Seddon, Decentralization Briefing Notes (pp. 2-5). Washington, D.C: World Bank Institute in collaboration with PREM network.
  • Schneider, A. (Fall 2003). Decentralization: Conceptualization and Measurement. Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 32-56.
  • Society for International Development (SID). (2004). Pulling Apart: Facts and Figures on Inequality in Kenya. Nairobi: Society for International Development.
  • Steiner, S. (2007). Decentralisation and Poverty: Conceptial Framework and Application to Uganda. The International Journal of Management Research and Practice-Wiley InterScience, Public Admin. Dev. 27, 175-185.
  • Therkildsen, O. (1998). Local Government and Households in Primary Education in Tanzania: Some Lessons for Reform. Centre for Development and Research Working Paper 98.6.
  • Webster, N. (1989). Agrarian Relations in Burdwan District,. West Bengal: From the Economics of Green Revolution to the Politics of. Panchayati Raj. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 20(2): 177-211.
  • Webster, N. (1990). Panchayati Raj and the Decentralisation of Development Planning in West Bengal: A case Study. CDR Project Paper 90.7. Copenhagen: Centre for Development Research.
  • Webster, N. (2000). Institutionalised participation of the poor for poverty reduction in West Bengal. In P. Collins, Applying Public Administration in Development: Guideposts to the Future (pp. 315-328). Chichester: Wiley.
  • World Bank. (2003). World Development Report 2014: Making Services Work for Poor People. Washington, D.C: World Bank.
  • World Bank. (2008). Decentralization in Client Countries: An Evaluation of World Bank Support (1990-2007). Washington D.C: The World Bank.
  • World Bnak. (2012). Devolution Without Distruption: Pathways to a successful new Kenya. Nairobi: World Bank. Retrieved from The World Bank.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Erol Bulut 0000-0002-9293-9052

Bashir Ismail Abdow Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0339-037X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Mart 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Bulut, E., & Abdow, B. I. (2018). Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges in Kenya. Sosyoekonomi, 26(36), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2018.02.10
AMA Bulut E, Abdow BI. Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges in Kenya. Sosyoekonomi. Nisan 2018;26(36):179-196. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2018.02.10
Chicago Bulut, Erol, ve Bashir Ismail Abdow. “Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges in Kenya”. Sosyoekonomi 26, sy. 36 (Nisan 2018): 179-96. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2018.02.10.
EndNote Bulut E, Abdow BI (01 Nisan 2018) Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges in Kenya. Sosyoekonomi 26 36 179–196.
IEEE E. Bulut ve B. I. Abdow, “Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges in Kenya”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 26, sy. 36, ss. 179–196, 2018, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2018.02.10.
ISNAD Bulut, Erol - Abdow, Bashir Ismail. “Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges in Kenya”. Sosyoekonomi 26/36 (Nisan 2018), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2018.02.10.
JAMA Bulut E, Abdow BI. Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges in Kenya. Sosyoekonomi. 2018;26:179–196.
MLA Bulut, Erol ve Bashir Ismail Abdow. “Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges in Kenya”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 26, sy. 36, 2018, ss. 179-96, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2018.02.10.
Vancouver Bulut E, Abdow BI. Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges in Kenya. Sosyoekonomi. 2018;26(36):179-96.