Türk Yükseköğretim Kurumlarının Etkinlik Analizi: Stokastik Sınır Modeli

Yıl 2020, , 355 - 380, 19.04.2020

Fatih Karasaç

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.02.16

Cited By: 1

Öz

Yükseköğretim kurumlarının etkinlik analizleri özellikle son yirmi yılda, etkinlik analizi literatüründe merkezi bir araştırma alanı haline gelmiştir. Türkiye’de de yükseköğretim kurumlarının etkinliklerine ilişkin çalışmaların sayısının bu dönemde arttığı görülmektedir. Türkiye’deki yükseköğretim kurumlarının etkinlik ölçümlerinin neredeyse tamamının parametrik olmayan bir teknik olan Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) yöntemiyle yapıldığı görülmektedir. Etkinliğe ilişkin parametrik bir yöntem olan Stokastik Sınır Analizinin (SSA) kullanımının ise oldukça az olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, VZA yönteminin aksine SSA yöntemini kullanarak Türkiye’deki 91 devlet ve 25 vakıf üniversitesinin maliyet etkinliklerini 2010-2011 ve 2014-2015 eğitim ve öğretim dönemini kapsayan 5 yıllık süre için incelemektedir. Analiz Cobb-Douglass maliyet fonksiyon formu kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. SSA analiz sonuçları, yükseköğretim kurumlarının performanslarının %50’den %90’a kadar dağınık olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yükseköğretimde Maliyet Etkinlik, Stokastik Sınır Analizi, Türk Yükseköğretim Kurumları, Yükseköğretimin Finansmanı

Efficiency Analysis of Turkish Higher Education Institutions: Stochastic Frontier Model

Öz

Estimates of the efficiency of higher education institutions have become a central field of research in the literature of efficiency analysis, especially in the last two decades. In Turkey the number of studies on the efficiency of higher education institutions have increased in this period. Almost all of the efficiency measurements of the efficiency of higher education institutions in Turkey are made using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method higher education institutions in Turkey are seen to be done by the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is a non-parametric technique. The use of Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), which is a parametric method of efficiency, is quite restricted, though. This study examines the cost efficiency of 91 state and 25 foundation universities operating in Turkey for 5 years covering 2010-2011 and 2014-2015 by using SFA method unlike DEA. The analysis has been performed using the Cobb-Douglass cost function form. The SFA estimation rults show that the performance of higher education institutions is quite scattered from 50% to 90%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cost Efficiency in Higher Education, Stochastic Frontier Analysis, Turkish Higher Education Institutions, Financing of Higher Education

Kaynakça

• Abbot, M. & C. Doucouliagos (2003), “The Efficiency of Australian Universities: A Data Envelopment Analysis”, Economics of Education Review, 22(1), 89-97.
• Afriat, S.N. (1972), “Efficiency Estimation of Production Functions”, International Economic Review, 13(3), 568-598.
• Ahn, T. & A. Charnes & W.W. Cooper (1988), “Some Statistical and DEA Evaluations of Relative Efficiencies of Public and Private Institutions of Higher Learning”, Socio-economic Planning Sciences, 22(6), 259-269.
• Aigner, D. & C.K. Lovell & P. Schmidt (1977), “Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models”, Journal of econometrics, 6(1), 21-37.
• Aigner, D.J. & S.F. Chu (1968), “On Estimating the Industry Production Function”, The American Economic Review, 58(4), 826-839.
• Atılgan, E. (2012), “Hastane Etkinliğinin Stokastik Sınır Analizi Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesi: TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Hastaneleri İçin Bir Uygulama”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi, Ankara.
• Bağdadioğlu, N. (2005), Türk Yükseköğretim Endüstrisinin Performansı: Kamu ve Vakıf Üniversitelerinin Karşılaştırılması, Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
• Battese, G. & T. Coelli (1992), “Frontier Production Functions, Technical Efficiency And Panel Data: With Application To Paddy Farmers in India”, Journal of Productivity Analysis, (3), 153-169.
• Baysal, M.E. & B. Alçılar & H. Çerçioğlu & B. Toklu (2005), “Türkiye’deki Devlet Üniversitelerinin 2004 Yılı Performanslarının, VZA Yöntemiyle Belirlenip Buna Göre 2005 Yılı Bütçe Tahsislerinin Yapılması”, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 67-73.
• Caves, R. & D. Barton (1990), Efficiency in US Manufacturing Industries, MIT Press.
• Coelli, T.J. & D.S.P. Rao & C.J. O’Donnell & G.E. Battese (2005), An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis, New York: Springer.
• Daghbashyan, Z. (2011), The Economic Efficiency of Swedish Higher Education Institutions, CESIS Electronic Working Paper Series, <http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:485026/FULLTEXT01.pdf>, 10.09.2014.
• Erkoc, T.E. (2013), “Efficiency of Public Sector Organizations: Perspectives from Theories of Bureaucracy”, Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 4(2), 102-112.
• Erkoc, T.E. (2015), Does the Estimation Technique Matter for Efficiency Measures?: Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Public Universities with Parametric and Non-Parametric Methods, Avaliable at SSRN 2643292.
• Farelll, M.J. (1957), “The measurement of productive efficiency”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 120(3), 253-290.
• Fried, H.O. & S.S. Schmidt & C.K. Lovell (eds.) (1993), The measurement of productive efficiency: techniques and applications, Oxford University Press.
• Glass, J. & D. McKillop & N. Hyndman (1995), “Efficiency in the provision of university teaching and research: an empirical analysis of UK universities”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, (10), 61-72.
• Glass, J.C. & D.G. McKillop & G. O’rourke (1998), “A cost indirect evaluation of productivity change in UK universities”, Journal of Productivity Analysis, 10(2), 153-175.
• Greene, W.H. (1997), “Frontier production functions”, Handbook of applied econometrics volume 2: Microeconomics (75-153), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Güran, M.C. (2005), Kamu hizmetlerinde performans ölçümü: Türkiye’deki kamu üniversiteleri için bir performans ölçümü uygulaması, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Henningsen, A. (2014), Introduction to econometric production analysis with R (Draft version) [Elektronik Sürüm], Denmark: University of Copenhagen.
• Izadi, H.G. & R. Oskrochi & R. Crouchley (2002), “Stochastic Frontier Estimation of A CES Cost Function: The Case of Higher Education in Britain”, Economics of education review, 21(1), 63-71.
• James, E. (1990), “Decision processes and priorities in higher education”, in: The economics of American universities, S.A. Hoenack & E.I. Collins (eds.), Buffalo, NY: State University of New York Press.
• Johnes, J. & G. Johnes (1995), “Research Funding and Performance in UK University Departments of Economics: A Frontier Analysis”, Economics of Education Review, 14(3), 301-314.
• Johnes, J. (2006), “Data Envelopment Analysis and Its Application to The Measurement of Efficiency in Higher Education”, Economics of Education Review, 25(3), 273-288.
• Koshal, R.K. & M. Koshal (1999), “Economies of Scale and Scope in Higher Education: A Case of Comprehensive Universities”, Economics of Education Review, 18(2), 269-277.
• Kutlar, A. & M. Kartal (2004), “Cumhuriyet Üniversitesinin verimlilik analizi: fakülteler düzeyinde veri zarflama yöntemiyle bir uygulama”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 49-79.
• Madden, G. & S. Savage & S. Kemp (1997), “Measuring Public Sector Efficiency: A Study of the Economics Department at Australian Universities”, Education Economics, 5(2), 153-168.
• McMillan, M.L. & W.H. Chan (2006), “University Efficiency: A Comparison and Consolidation of Results from Stochastic and Non‐Stochastic Methods”, Education economics, 14(1), 1-30.
• Meeusen, W. & J. van Den Broeck (1977), “Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error”, International economic review, 18(2), 435-444.
• Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2018), Milli Eğitim İstatistikleri (2010-2017), MEB Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı, Ankara.
• Özden, Ü.H. (2008), “Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) İle Türkiye’deki Vakıf Üniversitelerinin Etkinliğinin Ölçülmesi”, Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business, 37(2), 167-185.
• Pitt, M. & M. Lee (1981), “The Measurement and Sources of Technical Inefficiency in the Indonesian Weaving Industry”, Journal of Development Economics, (9), 43-54.
• Richmond, J. (1974), “Estimating the Efficiency of Production”, International Economic Review, 15(2), 515-521.
• Robst, J. (2001), “Cost Efficiency in Public Higher Education Institutions”, The Journal of Higher Education, 72(6), 730-750.
• Selim, S. & S.A. Bursalıoğlu (2015), “Efficiency of Higher Education in Turkey: A Bootstrapped Two-Stage DEA Approach”, International Journal of Statistics and Applications, 5(2), 56-67.
• Stevens, P.A. (2001), “The Determinants of economic efficiency in English and Welsh universities”, London: National Institute of Economic and Social Research, Discussion Paper no. 185.
• Tullock, G. (1965), The politics of bureaucracy, Public Affairs Pr.
• TÜBİTAK, Üniversiteler Bazında Ardeb Destek İstatistikleri (2005-2014), <https://www.tubitak.gov.tr/sites/default/files/13_web_2014.pdf>, 05.05.2015.