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The Relationship among Socioeconomic Factors, Social Relation, Happiness, and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from European Social Survey 2018

Yıl 2021, , 293 - 306, 30.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.03.15

Öz

This study examines the effects of sociodemographic variables, especially social relations, and skill development, on happiness and life satisfaction in European countries using the 2018 European Social Survey dataset. In the present study, happiness and life satisfaction are considered different concepts. The results indicate that sociodemographic variables display significant differences in happiness and life satisfaction. In addition, happiness and life satisfaction are explained differently by the same variables and conditions. Regression analysis indicates that the strength of the individual's social relations and increase in household income are the variables that contribute the most to the happiness scale. The strength of the social relationship and living on household income are the strongest predictors of life satisfaction.

Kaynakça

  • Addae-Dapaah, K. & Q.S Juan (2014), “Life Satisfaction among Elderly Households in Public Rental Housing in Singapore”, Health, 6, 1057-1076.
  • Akın, H.B. & E. Şentürk (2012), “Bireylerin Mutluluk Düzeylerinin Ordinal Lojistik Regresyon Analizi ile İncelenmesi”, Öneri Dergisi, 10(37), 183-193.
  • Alesina, A. & R. Di Tella & R. MacCulloch (2004), “Inequality and happiness: Are Europeans and Americans Different?” Journal of Public Economics, 88(9-10), 2009-2042.
  • Asandului, L. & R.O.S. Hritcu (2012), Logistic Regression Used in Determining Factors that Influence the Perceptions on Life Satisfaction in Central and Eastern Europe, <https://relik.vse.cz/2012/sbornik/download/pdf/19-HRITCU-ROXANAOTILIASONIA-paper.pdf>, 07.09.2020.
  • Blanchflower, D.G. & A.J. Oswald (2008), “Is Well-being U-shaped over the Life Cycle?”, Social Science & Medicine, 66(8), 1733-1749.
  • Cheng, T.C. & N. Powdthavee & A.J. Oswald (2017), “Longitudinal Evidence for a Midlife Nadir in Human Well‐being: Results from Four Data Sets”, The Economic Journal, 127(599), 126-142.
  • Cheung, G.W. & R.B. Rensvold (2002), “Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance”, Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255.
  • Clark, A.E. & A.J. Oswald (1994), “Unhappiness and Unemployment”, The Economic Journal, 104(424), 648-659.
  • Diener, E. & C.N. Scollon & R.E. Lucas (2009), “The Evolving Concept of Subjective Well-being: The Multifaceted Nature of Happiness”, içinde: P.T. Costa & I.C. Siegler (eds.), Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology, Elsevier Science, 187-220.
  • Erdfelder, E. & F. Faul & A. Buchner (1996), “GPOWER: A general power analysis program”, Behaviour Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28(1), 1-11.
  • European Social Survey (2018), European Social Survey Round 9 Data. Data File Edition 2.0, NSD-Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway-Data Archive and Distributor of ESS Data for ESS ERIC.
  • Frijters, P. & T. Beatton (2012), “The Mystery of the U-shaped Relationship between Happiness and Age”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 82(2-3), 525-542.
  • Gül, S. (2017), “Mutluluk Ekonomisi ve Göç Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Güler, A. (2020), “Benlik Saygısı ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti İlişkisi: Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Örneği”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 321-329.
  • Gürsakal, S. & K.B. Öngen (2008), “2007 Yaşam Memnuniyeti Anketinin İstatistiksel Yöntemler ile Analizi”, Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 1-14.
  • Kahneman, D. & A. Deaton (2010), “High Income Improves Evaluation of Life but not Emotional Well-being”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States of America, 107, 16489-16493.
  • Kahneman, D. & A.B. Krueger (2006), “Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Wellbeing”, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 3-24.
  • Kamilçelebi, H. (2018), The Difference Between Expected and Experienced Utility: A Case Study on a Salary Increase, Mauritius, Lambert Academic Publishing.
  • Kuzu, S. & S. Elmas-Atay & M. Gerçek (2019), “The Analysis of Unemployment, Happiness and Demographic Factors Using Log-Linear Models”, International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 17(1), 87-105.
  • Myers, D.G. (2003), “Close relationship and quality of life”, içinde: D. Kahneman & E. Diener & N. Schwarz (eds.), Well-Being: Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, Russel Sage Foundation, 374-391.
  • Oishi, S. & J. Graham & S. Kesebir & L.C. Galinha (2013), “Concepts of Happiness across Time and Cultures”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(5), 559-577.
  • Peiro, A. (2006), “Happiness, Satisfaction and Socioeconomic Conditions: Some International Evidence”, The Journal of Economics, 35(2), 348-365.
  • Schwandt, H. (2016), “Unmet Aspirations as an Explanation for the Age U-shape in Wellbeing”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 122, 75-87.
  • Stevenson, B. & J. Wolfers (2008), “Economic Growth and Subjective Well-Being: Reassessing the Easterlin Paradox”, IZA Discussion Paper, No: 3654.
  • Stutzer, A. & B. Frey (2006), “Does Marriage Make People Happy, or Do Happy People Get Married?”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35(2), 326-347.
  • Stutzer, A. & B.S. Frey (2002), Happiness and economics: How the economy and institutions affect human well-being, Princeton University Press.
  • Tenaglia, S. (2007), “Testing Theories on Happiness: A Questionnaire”, University of Tor Vergata- Roma, Working Paper, 1-44.
  • Thayer, R.E. & R. Newman & T.M. Mcclain (1994), “Self-Regulation of Mood: Strategies for Changing a Bad Mood, Raising Energy, and Reducing Tension”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 910-925.
  • Theodossiou, I. (1998), “The Effects of Low-Pay and Unemployment on Psychological Well-being: A Logistic Regression Approach”, Journal of Health Economics, 17(1), 85-104.
  • Tkach, C. & S. Lyubomirsky (2006), “How Do People Pursue Happiness? Relating Personality, Happiness-Increasing Strategies, and Well-being”, Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(2), 183-225.
  • Ülker-Tümlü, G. & E. Recepoğlu (2013), “Üniversite Akademik Personelinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık ve Yaşam Doyumu arasındaki İlişki”, Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 3(3), 205-213.
  • van Praag, B. & P. Frijters & A. Ferre-i Carbonell (2000), “A Structural Model of Well-being: With an Application to German Data”, FEE, Universiteit Van Amsterdam Working Paper.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1984), “Conditions of Happiness”, Springer Science & Business Media, World Database of Happiness, <https://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl/hap_quer/introtext_measures2.pdf>, 07.09.2020.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1996), “The Study of Life Satisfaction”, içinde: W.E. Saris & R. Veenhoven & A.C. Scherpenzeel & B.A. Bunting (eds.), Comparative study of satisfaction with life in Europa, Eötvös University Press, 11-48.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1997), “Advances in Understanding Happiness”, Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 18(2), 29-74.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2012), “Happiness, Also Known as ‘Life Satisfaction’ and ‘Subjective Well-being’”, içinde: Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research, Springer, 63-77.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2014), “The Overall Satisfaction with Life: Subjective Approaches”, içinde: L.C. Wolfgang Glatzer (ed.), Global Handbook of Quality of Life: Exploration of Well-Being of Nations and Continents, Springer, 207-238.
  • Yıldırım, M. & F. Çelik-Tanrıverdi (2020), “Social Support, Resilience and Subjective Well-being in College Students”, Journal of Positive School Psychology, X(X), 1-9.
  • Yıldırım, M. (2019), “Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationships between Rear of Happiness and Affect Balance, Satisfaction with Life, and Flourishing”, Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 183-198.

Sosyoekonomik Faktörler, Sosyal ilişki, Mutluluk ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Arasındaki İlişki: 2018 Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Bulgular

Yıl 2021, , 293 - 306, 30.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.03.15

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı başta sosyal ilişkiler ve beceri geliştirme olmak üzere sosyodemografik değişkenlerin Avrupa Sosyal Anketine dayanarak Avrupa ülkelerinde mutluluk ve yaşam memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırmada mutluluk ve yaşam memnuniyeti farklı kavramlar olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada mutluluk ve yaşam memnuniyetinin sosyodemografik özellikler açısından anlamlı farklılıklar sergilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca mutluluk ve yaşam memnuniyeti aynı koşullarda aynı değişkenler tarafından farklı oranda açıklanmaktadır. Regresyon analizine göre bireyin sosyal ilişkisinin güçlülüğünün ve hanehalkı geliriyle geçinme durumunun artması mutluluk ölçeğine en fazla katkıda bulunan değişkenler olduğu bulunmuştur. Sosyal ilişkinin güçlülüğü ve hanehalkı geliriyle geçinme durumu yaşam memnuniyetinin en güçlü açıklayıcılarıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Addae-Dapaah, K. & Q.S Juan (2014), “Life Satisfaction among Elderly Households in Public Rental Housing in Singapore”, Health, 6, 1057-1076.
  • Akın, H.B. & E. Şentürk (2012), “Bireylerin Mutluluk Düzeylerinin Ordinal Lojistik Regresyon Analizi ile İncelenmesi”, Öneri Dergisi, 10(37), 183-193.
  • Alesina, A. & R. Di Tella & R. MacCulloch (2004), “Inequality and happiness: Are Europeans and Americans Different?” Journal of Public Economics, 88(9-10), 2009-2042.
  • Asandului, L. & R.O.S. Hritcu (2012), Logistic Regression Used in Determining Factors that Influence the Perceptions on Life Satisfaction in Central and Eastern Europe, <https://relik.vse.cz/2012/sbornik/download/pdf/19-HRITCU-ROXANAOTILIASONIA-paper.pdf>, 07.09.2020.
  • Blanchflower, D.G. & A.J. Oswald (2008), “Is Well-being U-shaped over the Life Cycle?”, Social Science & Medicine, 66(8), 1733-1749.
  • Cheng, T.C. & N. Powdthavee & A.J. Oswald (2017), “Longitudinal Evidence for a Midlife Nadir in Human Well‐being: Results from Four Data Sets”, The Economic Journal, 127(599), 126-142.
  • Cheung, G.W. & R.B. Rensvold (2002), “Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance”, Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255.
  • Clark, A.E. & A.J. Oswald (1994), “Unhappiness and Unemployment”, The Economic Journal, 104(424), 648-659.
  • Diener, E. & C.N. Scollon & R.E. Lucas (2009), “The Evolving Concept of Subjective Well-being: The Multifaceted Nature of Happiness”, içinde: P.T. Costa & I.C. Siegler (eds.), Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology, Elsevier Science, 187-220.
  • Erdfelder, E. & F. Faul & A. Buchner (1996), “GPOWER: A general power analysis program”, Behaviour Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28(1), 1-11.
  • European Social Survey (2018), European Social Survey Round 9 Data. Data File Edition 2.0, NSD-Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway-Data Archive and Distributor of ESS Data for ESS ERIC.
  • Frijters, P. & T. Beatton (2012), “The Mystery of the U-shaped Relationship between Happiness and Age”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 82(2-3), 525-542.
  • Gül, S. (2017), “Mutluluk Ekonomisi ve Göç Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Güler, A. (2020), “Benlik Saygısı ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti İlişkisi: Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Örneği”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 321-329.
  • Gürsakal, S. & K.B. Öngen (2008), “2007 Yaşam Memnuniyeti Anketinin İstatistiksel Yöntemler ile Analizi”, Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 1-14.
  • Kahneman, D. & A. Deaton (2010), “High Income Improves Evaluation of Life but not Emotional Well-being”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States of America, 107, 16489-16493.
  • Kahneman, D. & A.B. Krueger (2006), “Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Wellbeing”, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 3-24.
  • Kamilçelebi, H. (2018), The Difference Between Expected and Experienced Utility: A Case Study on a Salary Increase, Mauritius, Lambert Academic Publishing.
  • Kuzu, S. & S. Elmas-Atay & M. Gerçek (2019), “The Analysis of Unemployment, Happiness and Demographic Factors Using Log-Linear Models”, International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 17(1), 87-105.
  • Myers, D.G. (2003), “Close relationship and quality of life”, içinde: D. Kahneman & E. Diener & N. Schwarz (eds.), Well-Being: Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, Russel Sage Foundation, 374-391.
  • Oishi, S. & J. Graham & S. Kesebir & L.C. Galinha (2013), “Concepts of Happiness across Time and Cultures”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(5), 559-577.
  • Peiro, A. (2006), “Happiness, Satisfaction and Socioeconomic Conditions: Some International Evidence”, The Journal of Economics, 35(2), 348-365.
  • Schwandt, H. (2016), “Unmet Aspirations as an Explanation for the Age U-shape in Wellbeing”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 122, 75-87.
  • Stevenson, B. & J. Wolfers (2008), “Economic Growth and Subjective Well-Being: Reassessing the Easterlin Paradox”, IZA Discussion Paper, No: 3654.
  • Stutzer, A. & B. Frey (2006), “Does Marriage Make People Happy, or Do Happy People Get Married?”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35(2), 326-347.
  • Stutzer, A. & B.S. Frey (2002), Happiness and economics: How the economy and institutions affect human well-being, Princeton University Press.
  • Tenaglia, S. (2007), “Testing Theories on Happiness: A Questionnaire”, University of Tor Vergata- Roma, Working Paper, 1-44.
  • Thayer, R.E. & R. Newman & T.M. Mcclain (1994), “Self-Regulation of Mood: Strategies for Changing a Bad Mood, Raising Energy, and Reducing Tension”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 910-925.
  • Theodossiou, I. (1998), “The Effects of Low-Pay and Unemployment on Psychological Well-being: A Logistic Regression Approach”, Journal of Health Economics, 17(1), 85-104.
  • Tkach, C. & S. Lyubomirsky (2006), “How Do People Pursue Happiness? Relating Personality, Happiness-Increasing Strategies, and Well-being”, Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(2), 183-225.
  • Ülker-Tümlü, G. & E. Recepoğlu (2013), “Üniversite Akademik Personelinin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık ve Yaşam Doyumu arasındaki İlişki”, Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 3(3), 205-213.
  • van Praag, B. & P. Frijters & A. Ferre-i Carbonell (2000), “A Structural Model of Well-being: With an Application to German Data”, FEE, Universiteit Van Amsterdam Working Paper.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1984), “Conditions of Happiness”, Springer Science & Business Media, World Database of Happiness, <https://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl/hap_quer/introtext_measures2.pdf>, 07.09.2020.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1996), “The Study of Life Satisfaction”, içinde: W.E. Saris & R. Veenhoven & A.C. Scherpenzeel & B.A. Bunting (eds.), Comparative study of satisfaction with life in Europa, Eötvös University Press, 11-48.
  • Veenhoven, R. (1997), “Advances in Understanding Happiness”, Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 18(2), 29-74.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2012), “Happiness, Also Known as ‘Life Satisfaction’ and ‘Subjective Well-being’”, içinde: Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research, Springer, 63-77.
  • Veenhoven, R. (2014), “The Overall Satisfaction with Life: Subjective Approaches”, içinde: L.C. Wolfgang Glatzer (ed.), Global Handbook of Quality of Life: Exploration of Well-Being of Nations and Continents, Springer, 207-238.
  • Yıldırım, M. & F. Çelik-Tanrıverdi (2020), “Social Support, Resilience and Subjective Well-being in College Students”, Journal of Positive School Psychology, X(X), 1-9.
  • Yıldırım, M. (2019), “Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationships between Rear of Happiness and Affect Balance, Satisfaction with Life, and Flourishing”, Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 183-198.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Abdurrahim Güler 0000-0002-0317-8221

Songül Gül 0000-0002-0724-4310

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Güler, A., & Gül, S. (2021). Sosyoekonomik Faktörler, Sosyal ilişki, Mutluluk ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Arasındaki İlişki: 2018 Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Bulgular. Sosyoekonomi, 29(49), 293-306. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.03.15
AMA Güler A, Gül S. Sosyoekonomik Faktörler, Sosyal ilişki, Mutluluk ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Arasındaki İlişki: 2018 Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Bulgular. Sosyoekonomi. Temmuz 2021;29(49):293-306. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.03.15
Chicago Güler, Abdurrahim, ve Songül Gül. “Sosyoekonomik Faktörler, Sosyal ilişki, Mutluluk Ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Arasındaki İlişki: 2018 Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Bulgular”. Sosyoekonomi 29, sy. 49 (Temmuz 2021): 293-306. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.03.15.
EndNote Güler A, Gül S (01 Temmuz 2021) Sosyoekonomik Faktörler, Sosyal ilişki, Mutluluk ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Arasındaki İlişki: 2018 Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Bulgular. Sosyoekonomi 29 49 293–306.
IEEE A. Güler ve S. Gül, “Sosyoekonomik Faktörler, Sosyal ilişki, Mutluluk ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Arasındaki İlişki: 2018 Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Bulgular”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 29, sy. 49, ss. 293–306, 2021, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.03.15.
ISNAD Güler, Abdurrahim - Gül, Songül. “Sosyoekonomik Faktörler, Sosyal ilişki, Mutluluk Ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Arasındaki İlişki: 2018 Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Bulgular”. Sosyoekonomi 29/49 (Temmuz 2021), 293-306. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.03.15.
JAMA Güler A, Gül S. Sosyoekonomik Faktörler, Sosyal ilişki, Mutluluk ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Arasındaki İlişki: 2018 Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Bulgular. Sosyoekonomi. 2021;29:293–306.
MLA Güler, Abdurrahim ve Songül Gül. “Sosyoekonomik Faktörler, Sosyal ilişki, Mutluluk Ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Arasındaki İlişki: 2018 Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Bulgular”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 29, sy. 49, 2021, ss. 293-06, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.03.15.
Vancouver Güler A, Gül S. Sosyoekonomik Faktörler, Sosyal ilişki, Mutluluk ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Arasındaki İlişki: 2018 Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Bulgular. Sosyoekonomi. 2021;29(49):293-306.