Araştırma Makalesi
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Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Dış Borç ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Nedensellik İlişkisi

Yıl 2022, , 27 - 36, 28.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.02

Öz

Bu makale GSYH, enflasyon ve ticari açıklık değişkenlerinin toplam dış borç üzerindeki açıklama gücünü ve bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin yönü ve nedenselliği hakkında bilgi edinmek için yapılmıştır. Analize dahil olan gelişmekte olan ülkeler Arjantin, Brezilya, Rusya, Türkiye, Filipinler ve Güney Afrika’dır. Kesitsel birimler arası potansiyel heterojenlik, dinamikler, geri besleme etkileri ve yatay kesit bağımlılığı gibi panel veri modelleriyle ilgili zaman serisi analizlerinin eksikliklerini kontrol etmek için, 1990-2019 dönemi için altı gelişmekte olan ekonomiye ait panel veriyi kullanarak panel birim kök testlerine ek olarak, Gengenbach, Urbain ve Westerlund ve Pedroni'nin PDOLS, DOLSMG ve Heterojen Dumitrescu & Hurlin Nedensellik Testi ve Heterojen VAR Modeli gibi panel eşbütünleşme testleri uygulanmıştır. Seçilmiş tahmin ediciler tarafından elde edilen ampirik kanıtlar, çalışma dönemi için seçilen ülkelerdeki toplam dış borç üzerinde GSYH, enflasyon ve ticari açıklığın uzun dönemde farklı etkilerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca tüm panel veriler için toplam dış borç değişkeninden GSYİH değişkenine bir nedensellik vardır. Birimler için VAR modeli sonuçları incelendiğinde, gecikmeli toplam dış borç değişkeni Rusya ve Güney Afrika'da GSYİH'yi açıklamada anlamlıdır. Ayrıca Filipinler, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye'de toplam dış borçtan enflasyona bir nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu ve dış borç değişkeninin enflasyonu açıklamada anlamlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Akram, N. (2011), “Impact of public debt on the economic growth of Pakistan”, The Pakistan Development Review, 599-615.
  • Baltagi, B.H. (2001), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data (2nd ed.), England: John Willey and Sons Ltd.
  • Benli, M. (2020), “The effect of external debt on long-run economic growth in developing economies: Evidence from heterogeneous panel data models with cross sectional dependency”, Theoretical and Applied Economics, Vol. XXVII, 3(624), pp. 127-138.
  • Brida, J.G. et al. (2017), “Debt and growth: A non-parametric approach”, Physica A, 486, 883-894.
  • Calderón, C. & J.R. Fuentes (2013), Government debt and economic growth, Inter-American Development Bank.
  • Celasun, O. et al. (2006), “Primary Surplus Behavior and Risks to Fiscal Sustainability in Emerging Market Countries: A “Fan-Chart” Approach”, IMF Staff Papers, 53(3), 401-425.
  • Chenery, H.B. & A.M. Strout (1966), “Foreign assistance and economic development”, The American Economic Review, 679-733.
  • Dumitrescu, E.-I. & C. Hurlin (2012), “Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels”, Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Eberhardt, M. & A. Presbitero (2013), “This time they are different: heterogeneity and nonlinearity in the relationship debt and growth”, IMF Working Paper, WP/13/248.
  • Eğilmez, M. (2020), Makro Ekonomi (14. Basım), İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Eğilmez, M. (2020), Türkiye Ekonomisi, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Ehikioya, B.I. et al. (2020), “Dynamic relations between public external debt and economic growth in African countries: a curse or blessing?”, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity, 6(88), 1-16.
  • Imbs, J. & R. Ranciere (2005), The overhang hangover, The World Bank.
  • Jilenga, M.T. et al. (2016), “The impact of external debt and foreign direct investment on economic growth: Empirical evidence from Tanzania”, International Journal of Financial Research, 7(2), 154-162.
  • Krugman, P. (1988), “Financing vs. forgiving a debt overhang”, Journal of Development Economics, 29(3), 253-268.
  • Nazir M.R. et al. (2020), “Financial innovation and economic growth: Empirical evidence from China, India and Pakistan”, Int J Fin Econ, 1-24, https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2107
  • Ogunmuyiwa, M.S. (2011), “Does external debt promote economic growth in Nigeria?”, Current Research Journal of Economic Theory, 3(1), 29-35.
  • Presbitero, A.F. (2012), “Total public debt and growth in developing countries”, The European Journal of Development Research, 24(4), 606-626.
  • Reinhart, C.M. & K.S. Rogoff (2010), “Growth in a time of debt”, American Economic Review, 100(2), 573-578.
  • T.C. Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı (2021), Kamu Finansmanı İstatistikleri, <https://www.hmb.gov.tr/kamu-finansmani-istatistikleri>, 05.03.2021.
  • TÜİK (2021), Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri, <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dis-Ticaret-Istatistikleri-Aralik-2020-37412&dil=1>, 02.02.2021.
  • World Bank (2021), International Debt Statistics 2021, World Bank Group, <https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34588/9781464816109.pdf>, 02.01.2021.

External Debt and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Panel Causality Analysis

Yıl 2022, , 27 - 36, 28.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.02

Öz

This paper is conducted to obtain information about the explanation power of GDP, consumer price index, and trade openness variables on total external debt and the relationship between these variables for six emerging countries: Argentina, Brazil, Russia, Turkey, Philippines, and South Africa. To control for cross-sectional dependency heterogeneity across cross-sectional units, using panel data on six emerging economies for the period 1990-2019, panel unit root tests, panel cointegration tests such as Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund, and Pedroni’s PDOLS, DOLSMG, and Heterogenous Dumistrescu & Hurlin Causality Test and Heterogenous VAR Model applied. The empirical results by appropriate estimators show the different effects of GDP, inflation and trade openness on long-run total external debt in the sample countries for the analysis period. There is also a causality from the total external debt to the GDP variable for all panel data. When the VAR model results for the units are examined, the lagged total external debt variable is meaningful in explaining the GDP in Russia and South Africa. In addition, it has been concluded that causality from the total external debt to the inflation and the total external debt variable is meaningful in explaining the inflation in the Philippines, South Africa, and Turkey.

Kaynakça

  • Akram, N. (2011), “Impact of public debt on the economic growth of Pakistan”, The Pakistan Development Review, 599-615.
  • Baltagi, B.H. (2001), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data (2nd ed.), England: John Willey and Sons Ltd.
  • Benli, M. (2020), “The effect of external debt on long-run economic growth in developing economies: Evidence from heterogeneous panel data models with cross sectional dependency”, Theoretical and Applied Economics, Vol. XXVII, 3(624), pp. 127-138.
  • Brida, J.G. et al. (2017), “Debt and growth: A non-parametric approach”, Physica A, 486, 883-894.
  • Calderón, C. & J.R. Fuentes (2013), Government debt and economic growth, Inter-American Development Bank.
  • Celasun, O. et al. (2006), “Primary Surplus Behavior and Risks to Fiscal Sustainability in Emerging Market Countries: A “Fan-Chart” Approach”, IMF Staff Papers, 53(3), 401-425.
  • Chenery, H.B. & A.M. Strout (1966), “Foreign assistance and economic development”, The American Economic Review, 679-733.
  • Dumitrescu, E.-I. & C. Hurlin (2012), “Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels”, Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Eberhardt, M. & A. Presbitero (2013), “This time they are different: heterogeneity and nonlinearity in the relationship debt and growth”, IMF Working Paper, WP/13/248.
  • Eğilmez, M. (2020), Makro Ekonomi (14. Basım), İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Eğilmez, M. (2020), Türkiye Ekonomisi, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Ehikioya, B.I. et al. (2020), “Dynamic relations between public external debt and economic growth in African countries: a curse or blessing?”, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity, 6(88), 1-16.
  • Imbs, J. & R. Ranciere (2005), The overhang hangover, The World Bank.
  • Jilenga, M.T. et al. (2016), “The impact of external debt and foreign direct investment on economic growth: Empirical evidence from Tanzania”, International Journal of Financial Research, 7(2), 154-162.
  • Krugman, P. (1988), “Financing vs. forgiving a debt overhang”, Journal of Development Economics, 29(3), 253-268.
  • Nazir M.R. et al. (2020), “Financial innovation and economic growth: Empirical evidence from China, India and Pakistan”, Int J Fin Econ, 1-24, https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2107
  • Ogunmuyiwa, M.S. (2011), “Does external debt promote economic growth in Nigeria?”, Current Research Journal of Economic Theory, 3(1), 29-35.
  • Presbitero, A.F. (2012), “Total public debt and growth in developing countries”, The European Journal of Development Research, 24(4), 606-626.
  • Reinhart, C.M. & K.S. Rogoff (2010), “Growth in a time of debt”, American Economic Review, 100(2), 573-578.
  • T.C. Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı (2021), Kamu Finansmanı İstatistikleri, <https://www.hmb.gov.tr/kamu-finansmani-istatistikleri>, 05.03.2021.
  • TÜİK (2021), Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri, <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dis-Ticaret-Istatistikleri-Aralik-2020-37412&dil=1>, 02.02.2021.
  • World Bank (2021), International Debt Statistics 2021, World Bank Group, <https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34588/9781464816109.pdf>, 02.01.2021.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tuba Gülcemal 0000-0003-4806-8568

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Gülcemal, T. (2022). External Debt and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Panel Causality Analysis. Sosyoekonomi, 30(52), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.02
AMA Gülcemal T. External Debt and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Panel Causality Analysis. Sosyoekonomi. Nisan 2022;30(52):27-36. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.02
Chicago Gülcemal, Tuba. “External Debt and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Panel Causality Analysis”. Sosyoekonomi 30, sy. 52 (Nisan 2022): 27-36. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.02.
EndNote Gülcemal T (01 Nisan 2022) External Debt and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Panel Causality Analysis. Sosyoekonomi 30 52 27–36.
IEEE T. Gülcemal, “External Debt and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Panel Causality Analysis”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 30, sy. 52, ss. 27–36, 2022, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.02.
ISNAD Gülcemal, Tuba. “External Debt and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Panel Causality Analysis”. Sosyoekonomi 30/52 (Nisan 2022), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.02.
JAMA Gülcemal T. External Debt and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Panel Causality Analysis. Sosyoekonomi. 2022;30:27–36.
MLA Gülcemal, Tuba. “External Debt and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Panel Causality Analysis”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 30, sy. 52, 2022, ss. 27-36, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.02.
Vancouver Gülcemal T. External Debt and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Panel Causality Analysis. Sosyoekonomi. 2022;30(52):27-36.