Eğitim, Sağlık ve Teknoloji Düzeyinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: ARDL Sınır Test Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 21, - , 01.06.2014

Harun Yakışık , Ahmet Çetin

https://doi.org/10.17233/se.11986

Cited By: 6

Öz

Bu çalışmada Genişletilmiş Solow Modeli, ARDL yöntemi kullanılarak Türkiye’nin 1980-2012 dönemi verileri ile tahmin edilmiştir. Genişletilmiş Solow Modelinde teknoloji düzeyi bağımsız değişken olarak modele alınmış ve patent sayısıyla temsil edilmiştir. Beşeri sermaye, eğitim ve sağlık olmak üzere iki farklı değişkenle temsil edilmiştir. Sağlık göstergesi olarak ortalama yaşam süresi kullanılırken eğitim göstergesi olarak orta ve yükseköğretim okullaşma oranları tercih edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre patent, ortalama yaşam süresi ve orta öğretim okullaşma oranının büyüme üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif etkisi varken yükseköğretimin etkisi yoktur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

• Aghion, P. & P. Howitt (1992), “A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction”, Econometrica 60, 323-351.
• Arndt, C. (2006), “HIV/AIDS, Human Capital, and Economic Growth Prospects for Mozambique”, Journal of Policy Modeling, 28, 477-489.
• Barro R.J. & Jong-Wha Lee (1998), “Schooling Quality in a Cross Section of Countries”, Harvard College Development Discussion Paper, No. 659, October 1998, Boston.
• Becker, Gary (1974), “A Theory of Social Interactions”, Journal of Political Economy, 82(6), 1063-93.
• Beşkaya, A. & B. Sava & F. Şamiloğlu (2010), “The Impact of Education on Economic Growth in Turkey”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 15, Sayı: 3, 43-62.
• Bhargava, A. & D.T. Jamison & J. Lawrance & L. Murray (2001), “Modelling the Effects of Health on Economic Growth,” Journal of Health Economics, 20, 423-440.
• Bloom, D.E. & D. Canning (2000), “The Health and Wealth of Nations”, Science, 287, 1207–1209.
• Cole, M.A. & E. Neumayer (2006), “The Impact of Poor Health on Total Factor Productivity”, Journal of Development Studies, 42, 918-938.
• Couderc, N. & B. Ventelou (2005), “AIDS, Economic Growth and the Epidemic Trap in Africa”, Oxford Development Studies, 33, 417-426.
• Croiu, D. & O. Licandro (1999), “Life Expectancy and Endogenous Growth,” Economics Letters, 65, 255-263.
• Cyprus, Jenna (2013), <http://digitaljournal.com/article/359451>, 05.12.2013.
• Çakmak, E. & S. Gümüş (2005), “Türkiye’de Beşeri Sermaye ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Ekonometrik Bir Analiz (1960-2002)”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Cilt: 60, Sayı: 1, 59-72.
• Denison E.W. (1962), “Education, Economic Growth and Gaps in Information”, The Journal of Political Economy, LXX(5), 124-128.
• Deniz, Z. & A.S. Dogruel (2008), “Disaggregated Education Data and Growth: Some Facts from Turkey and MENA Countries”, Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies (electronic journal), 10, <http://www.luc.edu/orgs/meea/volume10/meea10.html>, 25.07.2013.
• Domar, E.D. (1946), “Capital Expansion, Rate of Growth, and Employment”, Econometrica, 14, 137-147.
• Erdil, E. & I.H. Yetkiner, “A Panel Data Approach for Income-Health Causality”, <http://www.fnu.zmaw.de/fileadmin/fnu-files/publication/working-papers/FNU47.pdf>, 12.03.2014.
• Ergen, H. (1999), “Türkiye’de Eğitimin Ekonomik Büyümeye Katkısı”, Ekonomik Yaklaşım, Cilt: 10, Sayı: 35, 21-56.
• Engle, R.F. & C.W.J. Granger (1987), “Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing”, Econometrica, 55(2), 251–276.
• Erdoğan, S. & D.Ç. Yıldırım (2009), “Türkiye’de Eğitim-İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir İnceleme”, Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 4(2), 11-22.
• Eşiyok, B.A. (2013), Türkiye-AB Arasında Dış Ticaretin Teknolojik Yapısı Sektörel Analizler, <http://researchturkey.org/>, 01.12.2013.
• Glomm, G. & B. Ravikumar (1997), “Productive Government Expenditures and Long-run Growth”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 21, 183-204.
• Grossman, G. & E. Helpman (1991), “Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth”, Review of Economic Studies, 58, 43-61.
• Hanushek, E. & D. Kimko (2000), “Schooling, Labour-force Quality, and the Growth of Nations”, American Economic Review, 90, 1184-1208.
• Harrod, R. (1939), “An Essay in DynamicTheory”, The Economic Journal, 193, 14-33.
• İlgüner, Muhterem (2013), <http://brandfinance.com/>, 02.12.2013.
• Johansen, S. & K. Juselius (1990), “Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration with applications to the demand for money”, Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat., 52(2), 169–210.
• Kar, M. & H. Ağır (2003), “Türkiye’de Beşeri Sermaye ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Nedensellik Testi”, II. Ulusal Bilgi, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi, 17-18 Mayıs, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Derbent-İzmit.
• Kazgan, G. (2000), “Yeni Hükümetin Çözmesi Gereken Ekonomik Sorunlar, Karşılaştığı Olanak ve Kısıtlar”, İSO Dergisi, Sayı: 310, İstanbul.
• Kelly, T. (1997), “Public Expenditures and Growth”, Journal of Development Studies, 34(1), 60-84.
• Krugman, P. (1994), “The Myth of Asia’s Miracle”, Foreign Affairs, 73, 62-78.
• Lucas, R.E. (1988), “On the Mechanics of Economic Development,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3–42.
• Mankiw, N.G. & D. Romer & D.N. Weil (1992), “A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407-437.
• McDonald, S. & J. Roberts (2006), “AIDS and Economic Growth: A Human Capital Approach”, Journal of Development Economics, 80, 228-250.
• Narayan, P.K. (2005), “The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests”, Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.
• Page, J.M. (1994), “The East Asian Miracle: Four Lessons for Development Policy”, in S. Fischer & J.J. Rotermberg (Eds.), NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1994, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
• Pesaran, M. & Y. Shin (1999), “An autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach to cointegrated analysis”, in: S. Strom (Ed.), Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century, The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
• Pesaran, M.H. & Y. Shin & R.J. Smith (2001), “Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16 (3), 289–326.
• Psacharopoulos, G. (1981), “Returns to Education: An Updated International Comparison”, Comparative Education, 17(3), 321-341.
• Romer, P.M. (1986), “Increasing Returns and Long Run Growth”, Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
• Romer, P.M. (1990), “Endogenous Technological Change”, Journal of Political Economy, 98, 71-102.
• Sala-i Martin, X. (1990), “Lecture Notes on Economic Growth (I): Introduction to the Literature and Neo-Classical Models”, NBER Working paper, No. 3563.
• Saygılı, Ş. & C. Cihan & H. Yurtoğlu (2005), Türkiye Ekonomisinde Sermaye Birikimi, Verimlilik ve Büyüme (1972-2003): Uluslararası Karşılaştırma ve AB’ye Yakınsama Süreci (2014), TÜSİAD Büyüme Stratejileri Dizisi, No: 6, Aralık.
• Schultz T.W. (1968), “Education and Economic Growth: Return to Education”, Readings in the Economics of Education, UNESCO, France, 277.
• Schultz, T.P. (1996), “Accounting for Public Eupenditures on Education: An International Panel Study”, in T.P. Schultz (Ed.), Research in Population Economics, Vol .8., JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.
• Solow, Robert (1956), “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-68.
• Swan, T.W. (1956), “Economic Growth and Capital Accumulation”, Economic Record, 32, 334-361.
• Taban, S. (2004), “Türkiye’de Sağlık ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Nedensellik Testi,” 3. Ulusal Bilgi Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, Eskişehir: Osmangazi Üniversitesi Yayınları, No: 108, 3-12.
• World Bank (1993), The East Asian miracle, economic growth and public policy, Oxford University Press, New York.