12 NATO Üyesi Ülkede Kişi Başı Değerlere Dayalı Askeri Harcamalar ve GSYH Nedensellik İlişkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 52, 157 - 181, 28.04.2022

Mesut Alper Gezer

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.09

Cited By: 5

Öz

Bu çalışma 12 NATO üyesi ülkede kişi başına reel GSYH, kişi başına reel askeri harcama ve kişi başına reel sermaye arasındaki ilişkiyi 1995-2020 dönemi için ele almaktadır. Yatay kesit bağımlılığını dikkate almak için sırasıyla Bai ve Ng (2004) PANIC, Westerlund ve Edgerton (2008) yapısal kırılma eşbütünleşme ve Konya (2006) bootstrap paneli nedensellik testleri uygulanmıştır. Aynı zamanda, 12 ülkenin kişi başına reel askeri harcamasının Rusya’ya yakınsaması tartışılmaktadır. Bu yakınsama için zayıf bulguların mevcut olduğu görülmektedir. Bootstrap panel nedensellik bulgularına göre 5 ülkede nedenselliğin olmadığına dair kuvvetli kanıtlar mevcuttur. Bu nedenle, Hırvatistan, Estonya, Letonya, Litvanya ve Türkiye’de Yansızlık Hipotezi geçerlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Askeri Harcama, GSYH, Sermaye, Yatay Kesit Bağımlılığı, Bootstrap Nedensellik

The Causality Relationship between Military Expenditure and GDP in 12 NATO Member Countries based on Per Capita Values

Öz

This study deals with the relationship between per capita real GDP, per capita real military expenditure, and per capita real capital in 12 NATO member countries from 1995-2020. The country group is chosen from Central and Eastern European countries depending on their common properties. Bai and Ng (2004) PANIC, Westerlund and Edgerton (2008) structural break co-integration, and Konya (2006) bootstrap panel causality tests were applied to consider cross-sectional dependence, respectively. Meanwhile, the convergence of the 12 countries’ military expenditure in Russia is discussed. It is seen that there is weak evidence for this convergence. According to bootstrap panel causality findings, there is strong evidence in 5 countries based on the non-existence of causality. Therefore, Neutrality Hypothesis is valid in Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Military Expenditure, GDP, Capital, Cross-Sectional Dependence, Bootstrap Causality

Kaynakça

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