Bu çalışmanın amacı, Next-11 ülkelerinde 1991-2018 döneminde çevresel kirlilik ve işsizlik arasında negatif bir ilişki olduğunu varsayan Çevresel Phillips Eğrisi hipotezini test etmektir. Çevresel kirlilik göstergesi olarak ekolojik ayak izinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, LM testi ile uzun dönemli ilişki, Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup ve Dinamik Ortak İlişkili Etkiler tahmincileri ile de katsayı tahmini yapılmıştır. Ampirik analiz sonucunda Next-11 ülkelerinde EPC hipotezinin geçerli olduğu, diğer bir ifade ile işsizlikteki artışın çevresel kirliliği azalttığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Çalışma herhangi bir kurum tarafından desteklenmemektedir.
Kaynakça
Adedoyin, F.F. et al. (2020), “Modelling Coal Rent, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions: Does Regulatory Quality Matter in BRICS Economies?”, Science of the Total Environment, 710, 136284, 1-15.
Ahmad, M. et al. (2020), “The Dynamic Impact of Natural Resources, Technological Innovations and Economic Growth on Ecological Footprint: An Advanced Panel Data Estimation”, Resources Policy, 69, 101817, 1-10.
Anser, M.K. et al. (2021), “Exploring a New Perspective of Sustainable Development Drive through Environmental Phillips Curve in the Case of the BRICST Countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(35), 48112-48122.
Aslan, A. et al. (2021), “The Nexus among Climate Change, Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investments, and Financial Development: New Evidence from N-11 Countries”, Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 40(3), 1-9.
Bhowmik, R. et al. (2022), “Applying a Dynamic ARDL Approach to the Environmental Phillips Curve (EPC) Hypothesis amid Monetary, Fiscal, and Trade Policy Uncertainty in the USA”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(10), 14914-14928.
Birdsall, N. & D. Wheeler (1993), “Trade Policy and Industrial Pollution in Latin America: Where Are the Pollution Havens?”, The Journal of Environment & Development, 2(1), 137-149.
Breusch, T.S. & A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
Chudik, A. & M.H. Pesaran (2015a), “Large Panel Data Models with Cross-sectional Dependence: A Survey”, in: B.H. Baltagi (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Panel Data (2-45), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chudik, A. & M.H. Pesaran (2015b), “Common Correlated Effects Estimation of Heterogeneous Dynamic Panel Data Models with Weakly Exogenous Regressors”, Journal of Econometrics, 188(2), 393-420.
Cole, M.A. (2004), “Trade, the Pollution Haven Hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Examining the Linkages”, Ecological Economics, 48(1), 71-81.
Dietz, T. & E.A. Rosa (1994), “Rethinking the Environmental Impacts of Population, Affluence and Technology”, Human Ecology Review, 1(2), 277-300.
Ditzen, J. (2018), “Estimating Dynamic Common-correlated Effects in Stata”, The Stata Journal, 18(3), 585-617.
Eberhardt, M. & F. Teal (2010), “Aggregation versus Heterogeneity in Cross-country Growth Empirics”, Centre for the Study of African Economies, 1-28.
Eberhardt, M. & S. Bond (2009), “Cross-section Dependence in Nonstationary Panel Models: A Novel Estimator”, Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 1-26.
Ehrlich, P.R. & J.P. Holdren (1971), “Impact of Population Growth: Complacency Concerning This Component of Man's Predicament Is Unjustified and Counterproductive”, Science, 171(3977), 1212-1217.
EIA (2015), Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook, <www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo>, 02.02.2022.
GFN (2022), Global Footprint Network, <https://data.footprintnetwork.org>, 02.07.2022.
Grossman, G.M. & A.B. Krueger (1991), “Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement”, NBER Working Papers Series, 1-39.
Grossman, G.M. & A.B. Krueger (1995), “Economic Growth and the Environment”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353-377.
Kashem, M.A. & M.M. Rahman (2020), “Environmental Phillips Curve: OECD and Asian Nics Perspective”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(25), 31153-31170.
Kim, M.H. & N. Adilov (2012), “The Lesser of Two Evils: An Empirical Investigation of Foreign Direct Investment-Pollution Tradeoff”, Applied Economics, 44(20), 2597-2606.
Lotfalipour, M.R. et al. (2010), “Economic Growth, CO2 Emissions, and Fossil Fuels Consumption in Iran”, Energy, 35(12), 5115-5120.
Nathaniel, S.P. (2021), “Ecological Footprint and Human Well-Being Nexus: Accounting for Broad-Based Financial Development, Globalization, and Natural Resources in the Next-11 Countries”, Future Business Journal, 7(1), 1-18.
Ng, C.F. et al. (2022), “Unemployment Rate, Clean Energy, and Ecological Footprint in OECD Countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-10.
Okun, A.M. (1962), “Potential GNP: Its Measurement and Significance”, in M.N. Baily and A.M. Okun (ed.), The Battle Against Unemployment and Inflation, NY: Norton, 132-145.
Panayotou, T. (1993), “Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Stages of Economic Development”, International Labour Organization, 1-42.
Pesaran, M.H. & R. Smith (1995), “Estimating Long-run Relationships from Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 79-113.
Pesaran, M.H. & T. Yamagata (2008), “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
Pesaran, M.H. (1999), “Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), 621-634.
Pesaran, M.H. (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1229, 1-39.
Pesaran, M.H. (2006), “Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure”, Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012.
Pesaran, M.H. (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross‐section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
Rees, W.E. (1992), “Ecological Footprints and Appropriated Carrying Capacity: What Urban Economics Leaves Out”, Environment & Urbanization, 4(2), 121-130.
Sachs, G. (2015), “The Future of Finance”, The Rise of the New Shadow Bank, New York, 3.
Tanveer, A. et al. (2021), “Validation of Environmental Philips Curve in Pakistan: A Fresh Insight through ARDL Technique”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-18.
Tariq, S. et al. (2022), “Exploring the Existence of Environmental Phillips Curve in South Asian Countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-12.
Taylor, M.S. (2005), “Unbundling the Pollution Haven Hypothesis”, Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy, 4(2), 1-29.
Wackernagel, M. & W. Rees (1996), “Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth”, New Society Publishers, 1-29.
Wang, S. et al. (2017), “The STIRPAT Analysis on Carbon Emission in Chinese Cities: An Asymmetric Laplace Distribution Mixture Model”, Sustainability, 9(12), 2237, 1-13.
WDI. (2022), World Development Indicators, <https://databank.worldbank.org>, 02.15.2022.
World Bank (2016), World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends, Washington: World Bank Publications.
York, R. et al. (2003), “STIRPAT, IPAT and IMPACT: Analytic Tools for Unpacking the Driving Forces of Environmental Impacts”, Ecological Economics, 46(3), 351-365.
A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis
This study aims to test the Environmental Phillips Curve hypothesis, which assumes a negative relationship between environmental pollution and unemployment in the Next-11 countries in 1991-2018. In the study in which ecological footprint was used as an indicator of environmental pollution, the long-term relationship was estimated using the LM test, and the coefficient was estimated using the Augmented Mean Group and Dynamic Common Correlated Effects estimators. As a result of the empirical analysis, it was found that the EPC hypothesis is valid in the Next-11 countries; in other words, the increase in unemployment reduces environmental pollution.
Adedoyin, F.F. et al. (2020), “Modelling Coal Rent, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions: Does Regulatory Quality Matter in BRICS Economies?”, Science of the Total Environment, 710, 136284, 1-15.
Ahmad, M. et al. (2020), “The Dynamic Impact of Natural Resources, Technological Innovations and Economic Growth on Ecological Footprint: An Advanced Panel Data Estimation”, Resources Policy, 69, 101817, 1-10.
Anser, M.K. et al. (2021), “Exploring a New Perspective of Sustainable Development Drive through Environmental Phillips Curve in the Case of the BRICST Countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(35), 48112-48122.
Aslan, A. et al. (2021), “The Nexus among Climate Change, Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investments, and Financial Development: New Evidence from N-11 Countries”, Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 40(3), 1-9.
Bhowmik, R. et al. (2022), “Applying a Dynamic ARDL Approach to the Environmental Phillips Curve (EPC) Hypothesis amid Monetary, Fiscal, and Trade Policy Uncertainty in the USA”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(10), 14914-14928.
Birdsall, N. & D. Wheeler (1993), “Trade Policy and Industrial Pollution in Latin America: Where Are the Pollution Havens?”, The Journal of Environment & Development, 2(1), 137-149.
Breusch, T.S. & A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
Chudik, A. & M.H. Pesaran (2015a), “Large Panel Data Models with Cross-sectional Dependence: A Survey”, in: B.H. Baltagi (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Panel Data (2-45), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chudik, A. & M.H. Pesaran (2015b), “Common Correlated Effects Estimation of Heterogeneous Dynamic Panel Data Models with Weakly Exogenous Regressors”, Journal of Econometrics, 188(2), 393-420.
Cole, M.A. (2004), “Trade, the Pollution Haven Hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Examining the Linkages”, Ecological Economics, 48(1), 71-81.
Dietz, T. & E.A. Rosa (1994), “Rethinking the Environmental Impacts of Population, Affluence and Technology”, Human Ecology Review, 1(2), 277-300.
Ditzen, J. (2018), “Estimating Dynamic Common-correlated Effects in Stata”, The Stata Journal, 18(3), 585-617.
Eberhardt, M. & F. Teal (2010), “Aggregation versus Heterogeneity in Cross-country Growth Empirics”, Centre for the Study of African Economies, 1-28.
Eberhardt, M. & S. Bond (2009), “Cross-section Dependence in Nonstationary Panel Models: A Novel Estimator”, Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 1-26.
Ehrlich, P.R. & J.P. Holdren (1971), “Impact of Population Growth: Complacency Concerning This Component of Man's Predicament Is Unjustified and Counterproductive”, Science, 171(3977), 1212-1217.
EIA (2015), Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook, <www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo>, 02.02.2022.
GFN (2022), Global Footprint Network, <https://data.footprintnetwork.org>, 02.07.2022.
Grossman, G.M. & A.B. Krueger (1991), “Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement”, NBER Working Papers Series, 1-39.
Grossman, G.M. & A.B. Krueger (1995), “Economic Growth and the Environment”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353-377.
Kashem, M.A. & M.M. Rahman (2020), “Environmental Phillips Curve: OECD and Asian Nics Perspective”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(25), 31153-31170.
Kim, M.H. & N. Adilov (2012), “The Lesser of Two Evils: An Empirical Investigation of Foreign Direct Investment-Pollution Tradeoff”, Applied Economics, 44(20), 2597-2606.
Lotfalipour, M.R. et al. (2010), “Economic Growth, CO2 Emissions, and Fossil Fuels Consumption in Iran”, Energy, 35(12), 5115-5120.
Nathaniel, S.P. (2021), “Ecological Footprint and Human Well-Being Nexus: Accounting for Broad-Based Financial Development, Globalization, and Natural Resources in the Next-11 Countries”, Future Business Journal, 7(1), 1-18.
Ng, C.F. et al. (2022), “Unemployment Rate, Clean Energy, and Ecological Footprint in OECD Countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-10.
Okun, A.M. (1962), “Potential GNP: Its Measurement and Significance”, in M.N. Baily and A.M. Okun (ed.), The Battle Against Unemployment and Inflation, NY: Norton, 132-145.
Panayotou, T. (1993), “Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Stages of Economic Development”, International Labour Organization, 1-42.
Pesaran, M.H. & R. Smith (1995), “Estimating Long-run Relationships from Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 79-113.
Pesaran, M.H. & T. Yamagata (2008), “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
Pesaran, M.H. (1999), “Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), 621-634.
Pesaran, M.H. (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1229, 1-39.
Pesaran, M.H. (2006), “Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure”, Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012.
Pesaran, M.H. (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross‐section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
Rees, W.E. (1992), “Ecological Footprints and Appropriated Carrying Capacity: What Urban Economics Leaves Out”, Environment & Urbanization, 4(2), 121-130.
Sachs, G. (2015), “The Future of Finance”, The Rise of the New Shadow Bank, New York, 3.
Tanveer, A. et al. (2021), “Validation of Environmental Philips Curve in Pakistan: A Fresh Insight through ARDL Technique”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-18.
Tariq, S. et al. (2022), “Exploring the Existence of Environmental Phillips Curve in South Asian Countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-12.
Taylor, M.S. (2005), “Unbundling the Pollution Haven Hypothesis”, Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy, 4(2), 1-29.
Wackernagel, M. & W. Rees (1996), “Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth”, New Society Publishers, 1-29.
Wang, S. et al. (2017), “The STIRPAT Analysis on Carbon Emission in Chinese Cities: An Asymmetric Laplace Distribution Mixture Model”, Sustainability, 9(12), 2237, 1-13.
WDI. (2022), World Development Indicators, <https://databank.worldbank.org>, 02.15.2022.
World Bank (2016), World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends, Washington: World Bank Publications.
York, R. et al. (2003), “STIRPAT, IPAT and IMPACT: Analytic Tools for Unpacking the Driving Forces of Environmental Impacts”, Ecological Economics, 46(3), 351-365.
Hacıimamoğlu, T. (2023). A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis. Sosyoekonomi, 31(56), 11-25. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.01
AMA
Hacıimamoğlu T. A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis. Sosyoekonomi. Nisan 2023;31(56):11-25. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.01
Chicago
Hacıimamoğlu, Tunahan. “A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis”. Sosyoekonomi 31, sy. 56 (Nisan 2023): 11-25. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.01.
EndNote
Hacıimamoğlu T (01 Nisan 2023) A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis. Sosyoekonomi 31 56 11–25.
IEEE
T. Hacıimamoğlu, “A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 31, sy. 56, ss. 11–25, 2023, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.01.
ISNAD
Hacıimamoğlu, Tunahan. “A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis”. Sosyoekonomi 31/56 (Nisan 2023), 11-25. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.01.
JAMA
Hacıimamoğlu T. A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31:11–25.
MLA
Hacıimamoğlu, Tunahan. “A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 31, sy. 56, 2023, ss. 11-25, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.01.
Vancouver
Hacıimamoğlu T. A New Approach to Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31(56):11-25.