Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Impact of Soviet Union's Five-Year Plans on Türkiye's First Five-Year Industrial Plan within the Context of Turkish-Russian Economic Relations

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 61, 167 - 189, 30.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.09

Öz

The Bolshevik Revolution marked a pivotal shift in Turkish-Russian relations, ending longstanding conflicts and fostering political and economic cooperation. Notably, economic ties flourished, benefitting Türkiye significantly. Emulating the Soviet Union's Five-Year Plan, Russian experts devised an industrialisation plan for Türkiye, focusing on agriculture and underground resources. The plan's execution, aided by Soviet loans, machinery, and expert labour, saw the establishment of Soviet-style facilities in Anatolia from the 1930s onwards. The transfer of Soviet expertise and technology played a crucial role in Türkiye's industrialisation, showcasing the substantial impact of the Soviet five-year plans on Turkish industry post-1928.

Kaynakça

  • Akşam (1932a), İsmet Paşanın Bindiği Vapur Bu Sabah Boğazdan Çıktı, (April 25), 1, 2.
  • Akşam (1932b), İsmet Paşanın Ziyareti, (April 27), 2, 5.
  • Anfimov, A.M. & A. Korelin (1995), Россия 1913 Год Статистико-Документальный Справочник (Russia 1913 Year Statistical and Documentary Directory), St. Petersburg: Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Russian History.
  • Asım, M. (1932), “Rusya İle Mali Bir Ortaklık Yaptık”, Vakit Gazetesi, (May 8), 1-2.
  • Bca1, Presidential State Archives Directorate Republic Archive, Location Information: 618-30462, Document Date: H-29-12-1230(M-2-12-1815), Institution: Hat, Location Information: 615-30249 Document Date: H-29-12-1243(M-12-7-1828).
  • Bca2, Presidential State Archives, Republic Archive, Chief Institution: 30-10-0-0 / General Directorate of Transactions, Location Information: 234-579-10, File Attachment: 422, Document Date: 25.06.1934. The news was translated from French.
  • Bca3, Presidency State Archives Republic Archive, Institution: 30-18-1-2 / Decisions Department (1928), Location Information: 42-6-1, File Attachment: 214-127, Document Date: 04.02.1934.
  • Bca4, Presidential State Archives, Republic Archive). Institution: 30-18-1-2 / Decisions Department (1928), Location: 37-47-9, File Attachment: -, Document Date: 19.06.1933.
  • Bca5, Presidential State Archives, Republic Archive. Institution: 44-27-18 / Decisions Department (1928), Location: 30-18-1-2, File Attachment: 243-161, Document Date: 03.05.1934.
  • Bca6, Presidential State Archives, Republic Archive. Institution: 30-18-1-2 / Decisions Department (1928), Location: 69-81-18, File Attachment: -, Document Date: 15.10.1936.
  • Bolotin, B. (2001), “Мировая Экономика За 100 Лет (World Economy in Past Hundred Years)”, World Economy and International Relations, (9), 90-114.
  • Boratav, K. (2006), Türkiye’de Devletçilik, Ankara: İmge Yayınları.
  • Carr, E.H. (1990), “Кризис <ножниц> цен (Price Scissors Crisis)”, in: Russian Revolution From Lenin to Stalin 1917-1929 (58-69), Inside Moscow: International Relations Publishing House.
  • Cumhuriyet (1930), İktisat Programımızın Metni, (May 22), 1, 4.
  • Cumhuriyet (1931), Meclisin Fesine Neden Lüzüm Görüldü?, (March 5), 1.
  • Cumhuriyet (1932a), Rusya Bize 16 Milyon Liralık Kredi Açıyor, (May 8), 1.
  • Cumhuriyet (1932b), İtalya Bize Kredi Açıyor, (May 30), 1, 4.
  • Cumhuriyet (1932c), Şehrimize Gelen Rus Heyeti Ne Yapacak?, (August 14), 1, 2.
  • Cumhuriyet (1932d), Üç Yeni Fabrika Nerelere Yapılacak?, (October 2 ), 1, 6.
  • Cumhuriyet (1933), Maruf Prof. Falge Geldi ve Ankara’ya Gitti. (January), 1.
  • Çavdar, T. (2003), Türkiye Ekonomisinin Tarihi 1900-1960, Ankara: İmge.
  • Davies, R.W. & O. Khlevnyuk (1999), “The End of Rationing in the Soviet Union 1934-1935”, Europe-Asia Studies, 51(4), 557-609.
  • Dobb, M. (1953), “Rates of Growth Under The Five-Year Plans”, Soviet Studies, 4(4). 364-385.
  • Ekonomi Bakanlığı (1935), Sanayi Tesisat ve İşletme ve Vekalet Teşkilatina İlaveler Hakkında Raporlar Birinci Kanunu, Ankara: Ekonomi Bakanlığı Neşriyatı.
  • Feldman, M.A. (2014), “Восстановление промышленности на Урале в период осени 1919-1920 гг.: мифы и реальность (Restoration of Industry in the Urals During the Autumn Period of 1919-1920: Myths and Reality”, Historiography and Source Studies, 14(3), 198-208.
  • Feldman, M.A. (2021), “Второй Пятилетний План: Эволюция Подходов К Реализации В Период 1933-1936 Гг (Second Five Year Plan: Evolution of Approaches to Implementation During the Period 1933-1936), Questions of Theoretical Economics, VTE(3), 127-144.
  • Furniss, E.S. (1933), “Results of the Five-Year Plan”, Current History, 37(5), 629-632.
  • Georgievich, K. & M. Sergey (2019), Советская Цивилизация (Soviet Civilization), Moscow: Rodina.
  • Gregory, P. & J. Sailors (1976), “Russian Monetary Policy and Industrialization 1861-1913”, The Journal of Economic History, 36(4), 836-851.
  • Grossman, G. (1973), “Russia and Soviet Union”, in: Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Emergence of Industrial Societies, London and Glasgow: Collins and Fontana Books.
  • İnan, A. (1972), Devletçilik İlkesi ve Türkiye’nin Birinci Sanayi Planı 1933, Ankara: Tarih Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Kamalov, İ. (2011), “1920-30’lu Yıllarda Gelişen Türk-Rus Ekonomik Münasebetler”, Atatürk’ten Soğuk Savaş Dönemine Türk-Rus İlişkileri I. Çalıştay Bildirileri (220-233), 14-15 Mayıs 2010, Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi.
  • Kamalova, G. (2008), “Теоретические основы становления советской модели правоохранительной системы (1921-1929 гг.) [Theoretical Foundations of the Formation of the Soviet Model of the Law Enforcement System (1921-1929)], Journal of Theoretical and Applied Research, 4(4), 71-78.
  • Karabulut, S. & U. Karabulut (2016), “Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde Doğu Anadolu Bölgesini Kalkındırmaya Yönelik Bir Girişim: Malatya Bez ve İplik Fabrikası Taş’ın Kuruluşu (1936-1939)”, İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararsı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 67-78.
  • Kessler, G. (2001), The Peasant and The Town: Rural-Urban Migration in The Soviet Union, 1929-1940, Florence: Florence European University Institute Department of History and Civilization.
  • Kessler, H. (2003), “Коллективизация И Бегство Из Деревень - Социально-Экономические Показатели, 1929-1939 Гг. (Collectivization and Flight from the Villages - Socio-Economic Indicators, 1929-1939)”, Economic History Review, 27(9), 77-79.
  • Kleisinger, L.J. (2018), “Why, If Things Are So Good, Are They So Bad? Magnitogorsk, Stalin’s Five-Year Plan, and American Engineers, 1928-1932”, Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History, 8(2), 68-78.
  • Knight, P. (2003), Mussolini and Fascism, New York City: Routledge.
  • Kulchytsky, S. (2018), The Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine: An Anatomy of the Holodomor, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press.
  • Melnikova-Raich, S. (2010), “The Soviet Problem with Two ‘Unknowns’: How an American Architect and a Soviet Negotiator Jump-Started the Industrialization of Russia, Part I: Albert Kahn”, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology, 36(2), 57-80.
  • Milliyet (1932), Sovyet Mütehassısları Başvekil Kabul Etti, (August 14), 1, 6.
  • Nedim, V. (1932), “Milliyet İktisadiyatı: Müstemleke İktisadiyatından Milliyet İktisadiyatına”, Kadro, (2), 5-9.
  • Ofer, G. (1987), “Soviet Economic Growth: 1928-1985”, Journal of Economic Literature, 25(4), 1767-1833.
  • Ordick, D.B. (1939), “Социалистическая индустриализация -генеральная линия партии (Socialist Industrialization is The General Line of The Party)”, in: Problems of Economics 4 (140-159), Inside Academy of Sciences of the USSR Institute of Economics.
  • Ökçün, A.G. (1997), 1920-1930 Yılları Arasında Kurulan Türk Anonim Şirketlerinde Yabancı Sermaye, Ankara: Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu Yayınları.
  • Pryatula, A. (2023), Борьба с финансовой и хозяйственной разрухой в Терско-Дагестанском крае (The fight against financial and economic ruin in the Terek-Dagestan region), 1918, h. Российский государственный архив экономики: <http://rgae.ru/prom-er.shtml/47.shtml>, 01.05.2023.
  • Rıfkı, F. (1931), Yeni Rusya, Ankara.
  • Searight, S. (1992), “Russian Railway Penetration of Central Asia”, Asian Affairs, 23(2), 171-180.
  • Simonov, N.S. (2017), “Энергетическая статистика дореволюционной России (Energy statistics of pre-revolutionary Russia)”, Statistics and Economics, 14(4), 22-32.
  • Sükan, B. (2014), “İmparatorluk’tan Cumhuriyet’e Türkiye’de Yabancı Sermaye Anlayışı”, Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılâp Tarihi Enstitüsü Atatürk Yolu Dergisi, (54), 195-222.
  • Teği̇n, E. (2022), “Kazakistan’da 1930-1932 Büyük Kıtlığın Nedenleri: Kasıt Mı, Kaza Mı?”, Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(8), 889-908.
  • Tekeli, İ. & S. İlkin (2009), Uygulamaya Geçerken Türkiye’de Devletçiliğin Oluşumu, İstanbul: Bilge Kültür Sanat.
  • Tezel, Y.S. ( 2002), Cumhuriyet Dönemi İktisadi Tarihi (1923-1950), İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • TÜİK (2013), İstatistik Göstergeler 1923, Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu.
  • Vasilievich, M.L. (2006), История России XVIII-XIX Веков (History of Russia XVIII-XIX Centuries, Moscow: Eksmo.
  • World Bank (2023), World Development Indicators, <https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators>, 02.04.2023.
  • Yıldırım, İ. (2021), “Atatürk’ün 1930-1931 Yurt Gezisi ve Gezi Notlarının Ülke Poltitikasına Etkileri”, ÇAKÜ Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 201-219.
  • Zelinskii, V.F. (1979), “The 50th Anniversary of The First Five-Year Plan”, Metallurgisti, 23(5), 293-296.
  • Исторические материалы (2023), Коммунистическая Партия Об Итогах Первой И Задачах Второй Пятилеток (Communist Party About the Results of the First and Objectives of the Second Five-Year Plans), <https://istmat.org/node/3887>, 03.04.2023.
  • Советская Энциклопедия (1953), “Большая советская энциклопедия (Great Soviet Encyclopedia)”, Moscow: State Scientific Publishing House.
  • Центральное статистическое управление (1968), СССР в цифрах в 1967 году (USSR in figures in 1967), Moscow: Council of Ministers of the USSR.

Türk-Rus Ekonomik İlişkileri Bağlamında Sovyetler Birliği'nin Beş Yıllık Planlarının Türkiye'nin Birinci Beş Yıllık Sanayi Planına Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 61, 167 - 189, 30.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.09

Öz

Bolşevik Devrimi, Türk-Rus ilişkilerinde önemli bir değişimi işaret etti, uzun süredir devam eden çatışmalara son verdi ve siyasi ile ekonomik işbirliğini teşvik etti. Özellikle ekonomik bağlantılar, Türkiye'ye önemli ölçüde fayda sağladı. Sovyetler Birliği'nin Beş Yıllık Planı'nı taklit ederek, Rus uzmanlar Türkiye için tarım ve yeraltı kaynaklarına odaklanan bir endüstrileşme planı geliştirdiler. Planın uygulanması, Sovyet kredileri, makine ve uzman işgücü ile desteklendi ve 1930'lardan itibaren Anadolu'da Sovyet tarzı tesislerin kurulmasına yol açtı. Sovyet uzmanlığının ve teknolojisinin transferi, Türkiye'nin sanayileşmesinde önemli bir rol oynadı ve 1928 sonrası Sovyet beş yıllık planlarının Türk endüstrisi üzerindeki etkisini önemli ölçüde gösterdi.

Kaynakça

  • Akşam (1932a), İsmet Paşanın Bindiği Vapur Bu Sabah Boğazdan Çıktı, (April 25), 1, 2.
  • Akşam (1932b), İsmet Paşanın Ziyareti, (April 27), 2, 5.
  • Anfimov, A.M. & A. Korelin (1995), Россия 1913 Год Статистико-Документальный Справочник (Russia 1913 Year Statistical and Documentary Directory), St. Petersburg: Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Russian History.
  • Asım, M. (1932), “Rusya İle Mali Bir Ortaklık Yaptık”, Vakit Gazetesi, (May 8), 1-2.
  • Bca1, Presidential State Archives Directorate Republic Archive, Location Information: 618-30462, Document Date: H-29-12-1230(M-2-12-1815), Institution: Hat, Location Information: 615-30249 Document Date: H-29-12-1243(M-12-7-1828).
  • Bca2, Presidential State Archives, Republic Archive, Chief Institution: 30-10-0-0 / General Directorate of Transactions, Location Information: 234-579-10, File Attachment: 422, Document Date: 25.06.1934. The news was translated from French.
  • Bca3, Presidency State Archives Republic Archive, Institution: 30-18-1-2 / Decisions Department (1928), Location Information: 42-6-1, File Attachment: 214-127, Document Date: 04.02.1934.
  • Bca4, Presidential State Archives, Republic Archive). Institution: 30-18-1-2 / Decisions Department (1928), Location: 37-47-9, File Attachment: -, Document Date: 19.06.1933.
  • Bca5, Presidential State Archives, Republic Archive. Institution: 44-27-18 / Decisions Department (1928), Location: 30-18-1-2, File Attachment: 243-161, Document Date: 03.05.1934.
  • Bca6, Presidential State Archives, Republic Archive. Institution: 30-18-1-2 / Decisions Department (1928), Location: 69-81-18, File Attachment: -, Document Date: 15.10.1936.
  • Bolotin, B. (2001), “Мировая Экономика За 100 Лет (World Economy in Past Hundred Years)”, World Economy and International Relations, (9), 90-114.
  • Boratav, K. (2006), Türkiye’de Devletçilik, Ankara: İmge Yayınları.
  • Carr, E.H. (1990), “Кризис <ножниц> цен (Price Scissors Crisis)”, in: Russian Revolution From Lenin to Stalin 1917-1929 (58-69), Inside Moscow: International Relations Publishing House.
  • Cumhuriyet (1930), İktisat Programımızın Metni, (May 22), 1, 4.
  • Cumhuriyet (1931), Meclisin Fesine Neden Lüzüm Görüldü?, (March 5), 1.
  • Cumhuriyet (1932a), Rusya Bize 16 Milyon Liralık Kredi Açıyor, (May 8), 1.
  • Cumhuriyet (1932b), İtalya Bize Kredi Açıyor, (May 30), 1, 4.
  • Cumhuriyet (1932c), Şehrimize Gelen Rus Heyeti Ne Yapacak?, (August 14), 1, 2.
  • Cumhuriyet (1932d), Üç Yeni Fabrika Nerelere Yapılacak?, (October 2 ), 1, 6.
  • Cumhuriyet (1933), Maruf Prof. Falge Geldi ve Ankara’ya Gitti. (January), 1.
  • Çavdar, T. (2003), Türkiye Ekonomisinin Tarihi 1900-1960, Ankara: İmge.
  • Davies, R.W. & O. Khlevnyuk (1999), “The End of Rationing in the Soviet Union 1934-1935”, Europe-Asia Studies, 51(4), 557-609.
  • Dobb, M. (1953), “Rates of Growth Under The Five-Year Plans”, Soviet Studies, 4(4). 364-385.
  • Ekonomi Bakanlığı (1935), Sanayi Tesisat ve İşletme ve Vekalet Teşkilatina İlaveler Hakkında Raporlar Birinci Kanunu, Ankara: Ekonomi Bakanlığı Neşriyatı.
  • Feldman, M.A. (2014), “Восстановление промышленности на Урале в период осени 1919-1920 гг.: мифы и реальность (Restoration of Industry in the Urals During the Autumn Period of 1919-1920: Myths and Reality”, Historiography and Source Studies, 14(3), 198-208.
  • Feldman, M.A. (2021), “Второй Пятилетний План: Эволюция Подходов К Реализации В Период 1933-1936 Гг (Second Five Year Plan: Evolution of Approaches to Implementation During the Period 1933-1936), Questions of Theoretical Economics, VTE(3), 127-144.
  • Furniss, E.S. (1933), “Results of the Five-Year Plan”, Current History, 37(5), 629-632.
  • Georgievich, K. & M. Sergey (2019), Советская Цивилизация (Soviet Civilization), Moscow: Rodina.
  • Gregory, P. & J. Sailors (1976), “Russian Monetary Policy and Industrialization 1861-1913”, The Journal of Economic History, 36(4), 836-851.
  • Grossman, G. (1973), “Russia and Soviet Union”, in: Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Emergence of Industrial Societies, London and Glasgow: Collins and Fontana Books.
  • İnan, A. (1972), Devletçilik İlkesi ve Türkiye’nin Birinci Sanayi Planı 1933, Ankara: Tarih Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Kamalov, İ. (2011), “1920-30’lu Yıllarda Gelişen Türk-Rus Ekonomik Münasebetler”, Atatürk’ten Soğuk Savaş Dönemine Türk-Rus İlişkileri I. Çalıştay Bildirileri (220-233), 14-15 Mayıs 2010, Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi.
  • Kamalova, G. (2008), “Теоретические основы становления советской модели правоохранительной системы (1921-1929 гг.) [Theoretical Foundations of the Formation of the Soviet Model of the Law Enforcement System (1921-1929)], Journal of Theoretical and Applied Research, 4(4), 71-78.
  • Karabulut, S. & U. Karabulut (2016), “Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde Doğu Anadolu Bölgesini Kalkındırmaya Yönelik Bir Girişim: Malatya Bez ve İplik Fabrikası Taş’ın Kuruluşu (1936-1939)”, İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararsı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 67-78.
  • Kessler, G. (2001), The Peasant and The Town: Rural-Urban Migration in The Soviet Union, 1929-1940, Florence: Florence European University Institute Department of History and Civilization.
  • Kessler, H. (2003), “Коллективизация И Бегство Из Деревень - Социально-Экономические Показатели, 1929-1939 Гг. (Collectivization and Flight from the Villages - Socio-Economic Indicators, 1929-1939)”, Economic History Review, 27(9), 77-79.
  • Kleisinger, L.J. (2018), “Why, If Things Are So Good, Are They So Bad? Magnitogorsk, Stalin’s Five-Year Plan, and American Engineers, 1928-1932”, Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History, 8(2), 68-78.
  • Knight, P. (2003), Mussolini and Fascism, New York City: Routledge.
  • Kulchytsky, S. (2018), The Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine: An Anatomy of the Holodomor, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press.
  • Melnikova-Raich, S. (2010), “The Soviet Problem with Two ‘Unknowns’: How an American Architect and a Soviet Negotiator Jump-Started the Industrialization of Russia, Part I: Albert Kahn”, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology, 36(2), 57-80.
  • Milliyet (1932), Sovyet Mütehassısları Başvekil Kabul Etti, (August 14), 1, 6.
  • Nedim, V. (1932), “Milliyet İktisadiyatı: Müstemleke İktisadiyatından Milliyet İktisadiyatına”, Kadro, (2), 5-9.
  • Ofer, G. (1987), “Soviet Economic Growth: 1928-1985”, Journal of Economic Literature, 25(4), 1767-1833.
  • Ordick, D.B. (1939), “Социалистическая индустриализация -генеральная линия партии (Socialist Industrialization is The General Line of The Party)”, in: Problems of Economics 4 (140-159), Inside Academy of Sciences of the USSR Institute of Economics.
  • Ökçün, A.G. (1997), 1920-1930 Yılları Arasında Kurulan Türk Anonim Şirketlerinde Yabancı Sermaye, Ankara: Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu Yayınları.
  • Pryatula, A. (2023), Борьба с финансовой и хозяйственной разрухой в Терско-Дагестанском крае (The fight against financial and economic ruin in the Terek-Dagestan region), 1918, h. Российский государственный архив экономики: <http://rgae.ru/prom-er.shtml/47.shtml>, 01.05.2023.
  • Rıfkı, F. (1931), Yeni Rusya, Ankara.
  • Searight, S. (1992), “Russian Railway Penetration of Central Asia”, Asian Affairs, 23(2), 171-180.
  • Simonov, N.S. (2017), “Энергетическая статистика дореволюционной России (Energy statistics of pre-revolutionary Russia)”, Statistics and Economics, 14(4), 22-32.
  • Sükan, B. (2014), “İmparatorluk’tan Cumhuriyet’e Türkiye’de Yabancı Sermaye Anlayışı”, Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılâp Tarihi Enstitüsü Atatürk Yolu Dergisi, (54), 195-222.
  • Teği̇n, E. (2022), “Kazakistan’da 1930-1932 Büyük Kıtlığın Nedenleri: Kasıt Mı, Kaza Mı?”, Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(8), 889-908.
  • Tekeli, İ. & S. İlkin (2009), Uygulamaya Geçerken Türkiye’de Devletçiliğin Oluşumu, İstanbul: Bilge Kültür Sanat.
  • Tezel, Y.S. ( 2002), Cumhuriyet Dönemi İktisadi Tarihi (1923-1950), İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • TÜİK (2013), İstatistik Göstergeler 1923, Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu.
  • Vasilievich, M.L. (2006), История России XVIII-XIX Веков (History of Russia XVIII-XIX Centuries, Moscow: Eksmo.
  • World Bank (2023), World Development Indicators, <https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators>, 02.04.2023.
  • Yıldırım, İ. (2021), “Atatürk’ün 1930-1931 Yurt Gezisi ve Gezi Notlarının Ülke Poltitikasına Etkileri”, ÇAKÜ Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 201-219.
  • Zelinskii, V.F. (1979), “The 50th Anniversary of The First Five-Year Plan”, Metallurgisti, 23(5), 293-296.
  • Исторические материалы (2023), Коммунистическая Партия Об Итогах Первой И Задачах Второй Пятилеток (Communist Party About the Results of the First and Objectives of the Second Five-Year Plans), <https://istmat.org/node/3887>, 03.04.2023.
  • Советская Энциклопедия (1953), “Большая советская энциклопедия (Great Soviet Encyclopedia)”, Moscow: State Scientific Publishing House.
  • Центральное статистическое управление (1968), СССР в цифрах в 1967 году (USSR in figures in 1967), Moscow: Council of Ministers of the USSR.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Büyüme, Sanayi Ekonomisi, Uluslararası İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Önder Deniz 0000-0003-4583-0713

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 16 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 61

Kaynak Göster

APA Deniz, Ö. (2024). The Impact of Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans on Türkiye’s First Five-Year Industrial Plan within the Context of Turkish-Russian Economic Relations. Sosyoekonomi, 32(61), 167-189. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.09
AMA Deniz Ö. The Impact of Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans on Türkiye’s First Five-Year Industrial Plan within the Context of Turkish-Russian Economic Relations. Sosyoekonomi. Temmuz 2024;32(61):167-189. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.09
Chicago Deniz, Önder. “The Impact of Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans on Türkiye’s First Five-Year Industrial Plan Within the Context of Turkish-Russian Economic Relations”. Sosyoekonomi 32, sy. 61 (Temmuz 2024): 167-89. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.09.
EndNote Deniz Ö (01 Temmuz 2024) The Impact of Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans on Türkiye’s First Five-Year Industrial Plan within the Context of Turkish-Russian Economic Relations. Sosyoekonomi 32 61 167–189.
IEEE Ö. Deniz, “The Impact of Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans on Türkiye’s First Five-Year Industrial Plan within the Context of Turkish-Russian Economic Relations”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 32, sy. 61, ss. 167–189, 2024, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.09.
ISNAD Deniz, Önder. “The Impact of Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans on Türkiye’s First Five-Year Industrial Plan Within the Context of Turkish-Russian Economic Relations”. Sosyoekonomi 32/61 (Temmuz 2024), 167-189. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.09.
JAMA Deniz Ö. The Impact of Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans on Türkiye’s First Five-Year Industrial Plan within the Context of Turkish-Russian Economic Relations. Sosyoekonomi. 2024;32:167–189.
MLA Deniz, Önder. “The Impact of Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans on Türkiye’s First Five-Year Industrial Plan Within the Context of Turkish-Russian Economic Relations”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 32, sy. 61, 2024, ss. 167-89, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.09.
Vancouver Deniz Ö. The Impact of Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans on Türkiye’s First Five-Year Industrial Plan within the Context of Turkish-Russian Economic Relations. Sosyoekonomi. 2024;32(61):167-89.