İşgücü Piyasasında Yaşanan Dönüşümler: Standart Dışı İstihdam ve Çalışan Yoksulluğu İlişkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 62, 413 - 453, 28.10.2024

Mustafa Aykaç , Sefa Kaya

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.04.20

Öz

1970’lerde Fordist üretim sisteminin çöküşü ve akabinde uygulamaya konulan Neoliberal ekonomi politikalarıyla, hem piyasaların serbestleştirilmesi teşvik edilmiş ve hem de devletin piyasalar üzerindeki müdahale gücü ve rolü ideolojik olarak dönüştürülmüştür. Neoliberal politikaların yükselişi ise esnekleştirme ve kuralsızlaştırma şeklinde işgücü piyasasındaki şartları dönüştürmüş ve Standart Dışı İstihdam (SDİ) yaygın bir istihdam biçimi olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu durum literatürde SDİ ve kayıt dışı istihdamın yaygınlaşması, işgücü piyasası bölümlenmesi, içeridekiler-dışardakiler ve ikili işgücü piyasası yaklaşımları ile açıklanmakta ve çalışan yoksul kavramı ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, SDİ ile çalışan yoksulluğu arasındaki ilişkiyi makro ve mikro düzeyde eklektik yaklaşımla analiz etmektir. Bu makalede, SDİ ile çalışan yoksulluğu arasındaki ilişkinin gerçekliğini tasvir etmek için karşılaştırmalı bir yaklaşım benimsenmiş ve içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu makalede çalışan yoksulluğunun, işgücü piyasalarının kutuplaşması ve düşük kaliteli işlerin yaygınlaşması ile ilgili endişeleri artırdığı ve SDİ edilenlerin görece daha yüksek yoksulluk riskine maruz kaldığını ileri sürmektedir. SDİ ile ilgili insan onuruna yaraşır işlerin yetersizliğinin tespit edilmesi ve gerekli düzenlemelerin yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşgücü Piyasası, Esnekleşme, Neoliberalizm, Çalışan Yoksulluğu, Standart Dışı İstihdam

Labour Market Dynamics: Examining the Link between Non-Standard Employment and In-Work Poverty

Öz

With the collapse of the Fordist production system in the 1970s and the subsequent Neoliberal economic policies implemented, the liberalisation of markets was encouraged, and the intervention power and role of the state on the markets were ideologically transformed. The rise of neoliberal policies, in the form of flexibilisation and deregulation, transformed the conditions of the labour markets and resulted in the expansion of non-standard employment (NSE). The literature explains this situation by the spread of NSE and informal employment, labour market segmentation, insiders-outsiders, and dual labour market approaches. It is associated with the concept of the working poor. This study uses an eclectic approach to analyse the connection between NSE and in-work poverty at macro and micro levels. This paper adopts a comparative approach and uses the content analysis method to depict the reality of the relationship between NSE and working poverty. This article argues that concern over in-work poverty, the polarisation of labour markets, and the expansion of low-quality jobs has recently increased, and those employed in non-standard jobs are more likely to be exposed to the risk of poverty. It is recommended that the inadequacy of decent work related to NSE be identified and the necessary arrangements made. Further research and policy changes are needed to thoroughly understand and address these issues.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Labour Market, Flexibilization, Neoliberalism, In-Work Poverty, Non-Standard Employment

Kaynakça

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