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Algılanan Ebeveyn Özerklik Desteği Ölçeğinin Lise Öğrencilerine Uyarlanması: Bir Psikometrik Değerlendirme

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 70 , 187 - 211 , 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1642795
https://izlik.org/JA42EE49RR

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Mageau ve diğerleri (2015) tarafından geliştirilen Algılanan Ebeveyn Özerklik Desteği Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlama çalışmasının yapılmasıdır. Ölçeğin uyarlama sürecindeki geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması ergenler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada örneklem grubu içerisinde ilgili yapının doğrulanıp doğrulanmadığını test etmek için Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) uygulanmıştır. DFA analizinde elde edilen değerlerin iyi uyum düzeyine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Algılanan Özerklik Desteği Ölçeği’nin iç tutarlık katsayıları Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı ile hesaplanmıştır. Buna göre; ölçeğin baba formu için özerklik desteği alt boyutuna ait iç tutarlık katsayısı .93, psikolojik kontrol boyutu için ise .91 olarak belirlenmiştir. Anne formu için özerklik desteği alt boyutu iç tutarlık katsayısı .93, psikolojik kontrol boyutu için .91 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlık katsayılarının belirlenmesinin ardından ölçeğin test tekrar test güvenirliği de hesaplanmıştır. Buna göre, ölçeğin baba formu için özerklik desteği test tekrar test güvenirliği .86, psikolojik kontrol boyutu için .85; anne formu için özerklik desteği test tekrar test güvenirliği .88, psikolojik kontrol boyutu için ise .87 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Algılanan Özerklik Desteği Ölçeği’nin ergenlerde öğrencilerinde geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Başol, G. (2013). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme. Pegem Akademi.
  • Beiswenger, K. L., and Grolnick, W. S. (2010). Interpersonal and intrapersonal factors associated with autonomous motivation in adolescents' after-school activities. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 30(3), 369–394. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431609333298
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi.
  • Cheng, C., Cheung, S. F., Chio, J. H.-M., and Chan, M.-P. S. (2013). Cultural meaning of perceived control: A meta-analysis of locus of control and psychological symptoms across 18 cultural regions. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 152–188. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028596
  • Cheung, G. W., and Rensvold, R. B. (1999). Testing factorial invariance across groups: A reconceptualization and proposed new method. Journal of Management, 25(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500101
  • Chirkov, V. I., and Ryan, R. M. (2001). Parent and teacher autonomy-support in Russian and U.S. adolescents: Common effects on well-being and academic motivation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(5), 618–635. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022101032005006
  • Çuhadaroğlu, Ö. (1985). Adolesanlarda benlik saygısı [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Deci, E. L., and Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life's domains. Canadian Psychology, 49(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14
  • Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., and Vansteenkiste, M. (2008). Self-determination theory and the explanatory role of psychological needs in human well-being. In L. Bruni & F. Comim (Eds.), Capabilities and happiness (pp. 187–223). Oxford University Press.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., and Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19–26.
  • Grolnick, W. S., and Farkas, M. (2002). Parenting and the development of children's self-regulation. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Practical issues in parenting (pp. 89–110). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Grolnick, W. S., and Pomerantz, E. M. (2009). Issues and challenges in studying parental control: Toward a new conceptualization. Child Development Perspectives, 3(3), 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2009.00099.x
  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., and Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
  • Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. Oxford University Press.
  • Hartley, C. A., and Somerville, L. H. (2015). The neuroscience of adolescent decision-making. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 5, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.09.004
  • Hu, L. T., and Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Kocayörük, E., Uzman, E., ve Mert, A. (2014). How the attachment styles associated with student alienation: The mediation role of emotional well-being. International Journal of Progressive Education, 10(3), 34–46.
  • Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması [Unpublished master's thesis]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Lan, X., Ma, C., and Radin, R. (2019). Parental autonomy support and psychological well-being in Tibetan and Han emerging adults: A serial multiple mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 621. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00621
  • Li, R., Yao, M., Chen, Y., and Liu, H. (2020). Parent autonomy support and psychological control, dark triad, and subjective well-being of Chinese adolescents: Synergy of variable- and person-centered approaches. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 40(7), 966–995. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431619880335
  • Mageau, G. A., Ranger, F., Joussemet, M., Koestner, R., Moreau, E., and Forest, J. (2015). Validation of the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale (P-PASS). Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 47(3), 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039325
  • Mertler, C. A., and Vannatta, R. A. (2005). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation (3rd ed.). Pyrczak.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
  • Ryan, R. M. (1993). Agency and organization: Intrinsic motivation, autonomy, and the self in psychological development. In J. Jacobs (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 40. Developmental perspectives on motivation (pp. 1–56). University of Nebraska Press.
  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic-dialectical perspective. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3–33). University of Rochester Press.
  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
  • Ryan, R. M., and La Guardia, J. G. (2000). What is being optimized over development?: A self-determination theory perspective on basic psychological needs across the life span. In S. Qualls & N. Abeles (Eds.), Psychology and the aging revolution (pp. 145–172). APA Books.
  • Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., and Grolnick, W. S. (1995). Autonomy, relatedness, and the self: Their relation to development and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 1. Theory and methods (pp. 618–655). Wiley.
  • Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Grolnick, W. S., and La Guardia, J. G. (2006). The significance of autonomy and autonomy support in psychological development and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Theory and method (pp. 795–849). Wiley.
  • Ryan, R. M., Stiller, J. D., and Lynch, J. H. (1994). Representations of relationships to teachers, parents, and friends as predictors of academic motivation and self-esteem. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 14(2), 226–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/027243169401400207
  • Soenens, B., and Vansteenkiste, M. (2010). A theoretical upgrade of the concept of parental psychological control: Proposing new insights on the basis of self-determination theory. Developmental Review, 30(1), 74–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2009.11.001
  • Soenens, B., and Vansteenkiste, M. (2005). Antecedents and outcomes of self-determination in three life domains: The role of parents' and teachers' autonomy support. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(6), 589–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-8948-y
  • Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Beyers, W., and Ryan, R. M. (2007). Conceptualizing parental autonomy support: Adolescent perceptions of promotion of independence versus promotion of volitional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 633–646. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.633
  • Sousa, V. D., and Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: A clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x
  • Steinberg, L. (2010). A dual systems model of adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Psychobiology, 52(3), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20445
  • Steinberg, L. (2007). Ergenlik (F. Çok, Yay. Haz.). İmge Kitabevi.
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., and Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Vasquez, A. C., Patall, E. A., Fong, C. J., Corrigan, A. S., and Pine, L. (2016). Parent autonomy support, academic achievement, and psychosocial functioning: A meta-analysis of research. Educational Psychology Review, 28(3), 605–644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9329-z
  • Vrolijk, P., Van Lissa, C. J., Branje, S., Meeus, W., and Keizer, R. (2020). Longitudinal linkages between father and mother autonomy support and adolescent problem behaviors: Between-family differences and within-family effects. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(11), 2372–2387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01309-8
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., and Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
  • Weir, C. J. (2005). Language testing and validation. Palgrave Macmillan.

Adaptation of The Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale for High School Students: A Psychometric Evaluation

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 70 , 187 - 211 , 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1642795
https://izlik.org/JA42EE49RR

Öz

The aim of this study is to adapt the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale, developed by Mageau et al. (2015), into Turkish. The validity and reliability study of the scale’s adaptation process was conducted on adolescents. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to test whether the intended structure was confirmed within the sample group. The CFA results indicated a good fit. The internal consistency coefficients of the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale were calculated using Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient. The internal consistency coefficient for the father form was .93 for the autonomy support subdimension and .91 for the psychological control dimension. Similarly, the internal consistency coefficient for the mother form was .93 for the autonomy support subdimension and .91 for the psychological control dimension. After determining the internal consistency coefficients, the test-retest reliability of the scale was also calculated. For the father form, the test-retest reliability coefficient was .86 for autonomy support and .85 for psychological control. For the mother form, the test-retest reliability coefficient was .88 for autonomy support and .87 for psychological control. The findings indicate that the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for assessing perceived autonomy support among adolescents.

Kaynakça

  • Başol, G. (2013). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme. Pegem Akademi.
  • Beiswenger, K. L., and Grolnick, W. S. (2010). Interpersonal and intrapersonal factors associated with autonomous motivation in adolescents' after-school activities. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 30(3), 369–394. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431609333298
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi.
  • Cheng, C., Cheung, S. F., Chio, J. H.-M., and Chan, M.-P. S. (2013). Cultural meaning of perceived control: A meta-analysis of locus of control and psychological symptoms across 18 cultural regions. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 152–188. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028596
  • Cheung, G. W., and Rensvold, R. B. (1999). Testing factorial invariance across groups: A reconceptualization and proposed new method. Journal of Management, 25(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500101
  • Chirkov, V. I., and Ryan, R. M. (2001). Parent and teacher autonomy-support in Russian and U.S. adolescents: Common effects on well-being and academic motivation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(5), 618–635. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022101032005006
  • Çuhadaroğlu, Ö. (1985). Adolesanlarda benlik saygısı [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Deci, E. L., and Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life's domains. Canadian Psychology, 49(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14
  • Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., and Vansteenkiste, M. (2008). Self-determination theory and the explanatory role of psychological needs in human well-being. In L. Bruni & F. Comim (Eds.), Capabilities and happiness (pp. 187–223). Oxford University Press.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., and Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19–26.
  • Grolnick, W. S., and Farkas, M. (2002). Parenting and the development of children's self-regulation. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Practical issues in parenting (pp. 89–110). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Grolnick, W. S., and Pomerantz, E. M. (2009). Issues and challenges in studying parental control: Toward a new conceptualization. Child Development Perspectives, 3(3), 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2009.00099.x
  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., and Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
  • Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. Oxford University Press.
  • Hartley, C. A., and Somerville, L. H. (2015). The neuroscience of adolescent decision-making. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 5, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.09.004
  • Hu, L. T., and Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Kocayörük, E., Uzman, E., ve Mert, A. (2014). How the attachment styles associated with student alienation: The mediation role of emotional well-being. International Journal of Progressive Education, 10(3), 34–46.
  • Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması [Unpublished master's thesis]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Lan, X., Ma, C., and Radin, R. (2019). Parental autonomy support and psychological well-being in Tibetan and Han emerging adults: A serial multiple mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 621. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00621
  • Li, R., Yao, M., Chen, Y., and Liu, H. (2020). Parent autonomy support and psychological control, dark triad, and subjective well-being of Chinese adolescents: Synergy of variable- and person-centered approaches. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 40(7), 966–995. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431619880335
  • Mageau, G. A., Ranger, F., Joussemet, M., Koestner, R., Moreau, E., and Forest, J. (2015). Validation of the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale (P-PASS). Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 47(3), 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039325
  • Mertler, C. A., and Vannatta, R. A. (2005). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation (3rd ed.). Pyrczak.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
  • Ryan, R. M. (1993). Agency and organization: Intrinsic motivation, autonomy, and the self in psychological development. In J. Jacobs (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 40. Developmental perspectives on motivation (pp. 1–56). University of Nebraska Press.
  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic-dialectical perspective. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3–33). University of Rochester Press.
  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
  • Ryan, R. M., and La Guardia, J. G. (2000). What is being optimized over development?: A self-determination theory perspective on basic psychological needs across the life span. In S. Qualls & N. Abeles (Eds.), Psychology and the aging revolution (pp. 145–172). APA Books.
  • Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., and Grolnick, W. S. (1995). Autonomy, relatedness, and the self: Their relation to development and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 1. Theory and methods (pp. 618–655). Wiley.
  • Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Grolnick, W. S., and La Guardia, J. G. (2006). The significance of autonomy and autonomy support in psychological development and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Theory and method (pp. 795–849). Wiley.
  • Ryan, R. M., Stiller, J. D., and Lynch, J. H. (1994). Representations of relationships to teachers, parents, and friends as predictors of academic motivation and self-esteem. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 14(2), 226–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/027243169401400207
  • Soenens, B., and Vansteenkiste, M. (2010). A theoretical upgrade of the concept of parental psychological control: Proposing new insights on the basis of self-determination theory. Developmental Review, 30(1), 74–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2009.11.001
  • Soenens, B., and Vansteenkiste, M. (2005). Antecedents and outcomes of self-determination in three life domains: The role of parents' and teachers' autonomy support. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(6), 589–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-8948-y
  • Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Beyers, W., and Ryan, R. M. (2007). Conceptualizing parental autonomy support: Adolescent perceptions of promotion of independence versus promotion of volitional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 633–646. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.633
  • Sousa, V. D., and Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: A clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x
  • Steinberg, L. (2010). A dual systems model of adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Psychobiology, 52(3), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20445
  • Steinberg, L. (2007). Ergenlik (F. Çok, Yay. Haz.). İmge Kitabevi.
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., and Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Vasquez, A. C., Patall, E. A., Fong, C. J., Corrigan, A. S., and Pine, L. (2016). Parent autonomy support, academic achievement, and psychosocial functioning: A meta-analysis of research. Educational Psychology Review, 28(3), 605–644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9329-z
  • Vrolijk, P., Van Lissa, C. J., Branje, S., Meeus, W., and Keizer, R. (2020). Longitudinal linkages between father and mother autonomy support and adolescent problem behaviors: Between-family differences and within-family effects. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(11), 2372–2387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01309-8
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., and Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
  • Weir, C. J. (2005). Language testing and validation. Palgrave Macmillan.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Aile Psikolojisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ahmet Çağlar Özdoğan 0000-0003-1406-4155

İlhan Yalçın

Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 21 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1642795
IZ https://izlik.org/JA42EE49RR
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 70

Kaynak Göster

APA Özdoğan, A. Ç., & Yalçın, İ. (2026). Adaptation of The Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale for High School Students: A Psychometric Evaluation. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 26(70), 187-211. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1642795
AMA 1.Özdoğan AÇ, Yalçın İ. Adaptation of The Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale for High School Students: A Psychometric Evaluation. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2026;26(70):187-211. doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.1642795
Chicago Özdoğan, Ahmet Çağlar, ve İlhan Yalçın. 2026. “Adaptation of The Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale for High School Students: A Psychometric Evaluation”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 26 (70): 187-211. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1642795.
EndNote Özdoğan AÇ, Yalçın İ (01 Mart 2026) Adaptation of The Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale for High School Students: A Psychometric Evaluation. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 26 70 187–211.
IEEE [1]A. Ç. Özdoğan ve İ. Yalçın, “Adaptation of The Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale for High School Students: A Psychometric Evaluation”, Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 26, sy 70, ss. 187–211, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.21560/spcd.vi.1642795.
ISNAD Özdoğan, Ahmet Çağlar - Yalçın, İlhan. “Adaptation of The Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale for High School Students: A Psychometric Evaluation”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 26/70 (01 Mart 2026): 187-211. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1642795.
JAMA 1.Özdoğan AÇ, Yalçın İ. Adaptation of The Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale for High School Students: A Psychometric Evaluation. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2026;26:187–211.
MLA Özdoğan, Ahmet Çağlar, ve İlhan Yalçın. “Adaptation of The Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale for High School Students: A Psychometric Evaluation”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 26, sy 70, Mart 2026, ss. 187-11, doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.1642795.
Vancouver 1.Ahmet Çağlar Özdoğan, İlhan Yalçın. Adaptation of The Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale for High School Students: A Psychometric Evaluation. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. 01 Mart 2026;26(70):187-211. doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.1642795