SOSYAL DEĞİŞİM İÇİN GÖÇMENLERİN SESİ: GÖÇMENLERİN POLİTİK KATILIMINA SOSYAL PSİKOLOJİK BAKIŞ

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, ev sahibi ülkelerdeki göçmenlerin politik katılımını (oy kullanma, kurumsallaşmış ve kurumsallaşmamış politik faaliyetler) konu alan ulusal ve uluslararası alandaki ampirik çalışmaları derlemektir. Göçmenlerin göç sonrası politik faaliyetleri hem ev sahibi ülkenin demokratik iklimi hem göçmenlerin entegrasyonu açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu nedenle göçmenlerin politik katılımının altında yatan sosyal psikolojik süreçlerin açıklanması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, göçmenlerin politik katılımındaki dinamik incelenmiş ve bu sürece grup düzeyinde ve bireysel düzeyde etki eden faktörler derlenmiştir. Grup düzeyi değişkenleri arasında sosyal adaletsizlik, etkililik algısı, sosyal kimlik ve gruplar arası temas gibi faktörlerin göçmenlerin politik katılımı üzerindeki etkilerine, bireysel farklılıklar arasında ise eğitim, cinsiyet, kuşak gibi bireysel özelliklere odaklanılmıştır. Son olarak, geçmiş çalışmaların sınırlılıkları tartışılmış ve gelecek çalışmalarda göz önünde bulundurulması gereken konulara dikkat çekilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göçmenler
• politik katılım
• kolektif eylem
• politik entegrasyon
• protesto

THE VOICE OF IMMIGRANTS FOR SOCIAL CHANGE: A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL VIEW ON THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF IMMIGRANTS

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to review empirical studies on political participation (voting, institutionalized and noninstitutionalized political activities) of immigrants in host countries. Political participation of immigrants in post migration period has critical consequences both for the democracies of the host countries and the integration of immigrants. Therefore, it is highly important to understand the social psychological processes underlying the political participation of immigrants. In this paper, the dynamics of political participation of immigrants are scrutinized and the group and individual level factors that affect the political involvement processes of immigrants in receiving societies are summarized. Among the group level variables, the effects of social injustice, perceived efficacy, social identity and intergroup contact on the political participation of immigrants are discussed. As for the individual differences, the focus were the individual characteristics such as education, gender and generation of immigrants. Finally, the limitations of previous studies as well as issues that should be taken into account in future studies are remarked.

Keywords

• Immigrants
• political participation
• collective action
• political integration
• protest

Kaynakça

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