Study on Some Socio-Economic and Demographic Variables and Communication Effect on The Marital Adjustment

Yıl 2008, Sayı: 13, 7 - 20, 01.06.2008

Doç. Dr. Arzu Şener Prof. Dr. Günsel Terzioğlu

Öz

This research, which was conducted in the
province of Ankara carried out to determine and
compare the various subjects in the economic,
managerial and psychosocial activation areas and the
marital adjustment of the man and woman in the view
point of demographic and socioeconomic variables
such as their education levels, marriage ages,
marriage duration and monthly income amount. 413
married personnel and their spouses whom were
chosen in accordance with the “Random Sampling
Method” by the personnel who were working in
different service classes in the center and Beytepe
Campus of Hacettepe University, were included by
the research. “Dyadic Adjustment Scale”, which was
developed by Spanier (1976) in order to measure the
accordance level of the married individuals, has been
used. Data on the factors, which has the impact on
the accordance levels of the married individuals, was
collected with the “Questionnaire Form on Factors
that has Impact on the Marital Adjustment” which
was developed by the researchers. The marriage
adjustment point average of spouses, is 104.03 and
when it is examined in accordance with the sex, the
men’s (105.37) is higher than the women (102.69)
(p>0.05). Even there are some differences, the
marriage adjustment point averages of both men and
women are higher as when the sharing of thoughts
and feelings (communication) and satisfaction from
communication, their education levels, the monthly
income amount of the family, the marriage age as
much of the 35 years old and over are higher.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Marital adjustment, demographic and socio-economic factors, communication and marital adjustment

Bazı Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Demografik Değişkenler ile İletişimin Eşler Arası Uyuma Etkisinin Araştırılması

Öz

Ankara ilinde yapılan bu araştırma, ekonomik, yönetsel ve psiko-sosyal faaliyet alanlarına ilişkin çeşitli konular ile öğrenim düzeyi, evlenme yaşı, evlilik süresi ve ailenin aylık gelir miktarı gibi demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik değişkenler açısından kadın ve erkeklerin evlilik uyumunu belirlemek ve karşılaştırma yapmak amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür. Araştırma kapsamına H.Ü. Merkez ve Beytepe Kampüsünde farklı hizmet sınıflarında görev yapan personel arasından “Tabakalı Rastgele Örnekleme Yöntemi” ile seçilen 413 evli personel ve eşleri alınmıştır. Evli bireylerin uyum düzeylerini ölçmek için Spanier (1976) tarafından geliştirilen “Çiftler Uyum Ölçeği” (Dyadic Adjustment Scale) kullanılmıştır. Evli bireylerin uyum düzeylerine etki eden faktörlere ilişkin bilgiler ise araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Evlilik Uyumuna Etki Eden Faktörlerin İncelenmesine İlişkin Anket Formu” ile toplanmıştır. Eşlerin genel evlilik uyum puan ortalaması 104.03 olup, cinsiyete göre incelendiğinde erkeklerde (105.37) kadınlardan (102.69) yüksektir(p>0.05). Bazı farklılıklar olmakla beraber genel olarak gerek kadın gerekse erkeklerin evlilik uyum puan ortalamaları; öğrenim düzeyi, ailenin aylık gelir miktarı,35 ve üzeri yaş grubuna kadar evlenme yaşı, ayrıca duygu ve düşüncelerin paylaşım ve bu konuda duyulan memnuniyet derecesi arttıkça artmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Evlilik uyumu, demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik faktörler, iletişim.

Kaynakça

• Bilen, M. (1983). Ailede, Kurumlarda ve Toplumda Sağ- lıklı İnsan İlişkileri. Ankara: Teknik Basım San.
• Bruch, M.A. vd. (1984). Conceptual Complexity and Skill in Marital Communication. Journal of Marriage and the Fa- mily, 46, 927-931.
• Burgess, E.W., Cottrell, L.S. (1988). Predicting Suc- cess Or Failure In Marriage. Newyork: Thoemmes Press.
• Burgess, E.W., Wallin, P. (1953). Engagement and Marriage Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
• Burleson, B.R., Denton, W.H. (1997). The Relationship Between Communication Skill and Marital Satis- faction: Some Moderating Effects. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 884-902.
• Callan, V.J., Noller, P. (1987). Marriage and the Family. Australia: Methuen Australia Pty Ltd.
• Coltrane, S. (1988). Gender and Families. Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Pres.
• Çıngı, H. (1994). Örnekleme Kuramı. Ankara: Hacette- pe Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Basımevi.
• Dyer, D.E. (1983). Courtship, marriage and, family: American style. Home-wood, IL: Dorsey.
• Fışıloğlu, H. (1990). Perceived Family Cohesion And İts Relationship To Perceived Marital Adjustment İn Married Graduate Students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, State University of New York at Buf- falo.
• Fışıloğlu, H., Demir, A. (2000). Applicability of the Dya- dic Adjustment Scale for Measurement of Marital Quality With Turkish Couples. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 16 (3), 214-218.
• Filsinger, E.E., Wilson, M.R. (1984). Religiosity, Socioe- conomic Rewards, and Family Development:Pre- dictors of Marital Adjustment. Jornal of Marriage and the Family, 46, 663-670.
• Fitzpatrick, M.A. (1988). Between Husbands & Wives Communication in Marriage. London: Sage Publi- cations.
• Havemann, E., Lehtinen, M. (1990). Marriages and Fa- milies New Problems, New Opportunities. New Jersesy: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
• Klinetob, N.A. Smith, D.A. (1996). Demond – Withdraw Communication in Marital Interaction: Test of İn- terspousel Contingency and Gender Role Hypot- heses. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 945-957.
• Knox, D. (1972). Marriage Happiness a Behavioral Approach to Counseling. Illınoıs: Research Press Company.
• Lasswell, M., Lasswell,T. (1991). Marriage And Family. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company a Divi- sion of Wadsworth Inc.
• Lye, D.N., Biblarz, T.J. (1993). The Effects of Attitudes Toward Family Life and Gender Roles on Marital Satisfaction. Journal of Family Issues, 14(2), 157- 188.
• Murphy, D.C., Mendelson, L.A. (1973). Use of the Ob- servational Method in the Study of Live Marital Communication. Journal of Marriage and the Fa- mily, 35, 257-263.
• Navran, L. (1967). Communication and Adjustmen in Marriage. Family Process, 6, 173-184.
• Noller, P. (1981). Gender and Marital Adjustment Level Differences in Decoding Messages From Spouses and Strongers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 272-278.
• Özuğurlu, K. (1990). Evlilik Raporu. İstanbul: Altın Ki- taplar Yayınevi.
• Renne, K.S. (1970). Correlates of Dissatisfaction in Marriage. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 32, 54-67.
• Sayın, Ö. (1990). Aile Sosyolojisi. Ailenin Toplumdaki Yeri. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi.
• Sinha, S.P. (1989). Marital Adjustment and Personal Space Orientation. The Jornal of Social Psycho- logy, 130(5), 633-639.
• Spainer, G.B., Thompson, L. A. (1982). Confirmatory Analysis of the Dyadic Adjusment Scale. Journal of Marriage and the Fa- mily, 44, 731-738.
• Spanier, G.B. (1976). Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marri- age and Similar Dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15-28.
• Steinmetz, S.K. ve ark.(1990). Marriage and Family Re- alities Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Newyork: Harper & Row, Publishers.
• Szinovacz, M.E. (1979). Marital Adjustment and Satis- faction With Marital Decision Making. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 9, 67-94.
• Vannoy-Hiller, D., Philliber, W.W. (1989). Equal Part- ners Successful Women in Marriage. California: Sage Publications, Inc.
• Williamson, R.C. (1952). Economic Factors in Marital Adjustment. Marriage and Family Living, 14, 298- 301.
• Yıldırım, İ. (1992). Evli Bireylerin Uyum Düzeylerini Etki- leyen Bazı Etmenler. H.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara.