Doğu Asya’da Ortaya Çıkan Dijital Dönüşüm Kavramları Üzerine Bir Analiz

Öz

Dijital dönüşüm ve Endüstri 4.0 ile beraber gelişen teknolojiler başta işletmeler olmak üzere ülke ekonomileri üzerinde önemli derecede etkili olmaya başlamışlardır. Almanya’da ortaya çıkan Endüstri 4.0 ile birlikte birçok ülke dijital dönüşümden geri kalmamak amacıyla kendi ulusal stratejilerini geliştirme girişiminde bulunmaktadır. Sanayisi gelişmiş ülkelerin ulusal kalkınma planlarında yer alan stratejilerde belirgin farklılıklar olmasına karşın temelde sanayide liderliği sürdürmek veya yeniden kazanmak, ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel bazlı hedefler giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Özellikle Doğu Asya’da ortaya çıkan Endüstri 4.0 ve dijital dönüşüm temelli Toplum 5.0 ve Çin Yapımı 2025 gibi kavramlar bu stratejilerin örneklerindendir. Endüstri 4.0 teknolojisi ve buna bağlı uygulamalar henüz sanayide ve bilimsel çalışmalarda tam olarak karşılık ve yaygınlık kazanmamışken benzer amaçla kullanılan diğer kavramların hangi amaçlarla nerede ve nasıl kullanıldığının incelenmesi kavramlar arası etkileşimin değerlendirilmesini sağlayacaktır. Literatürde Endüstri 4.0 daha çok üretim ve teknolojileri ile alakalı iken Japonya’da ortaya çıkan Toplum 5.0’ın daha çok bireylerin ve dolayısı ile toplumun yaşam kalitesi ile ilgili olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı Endüstri 4.0’dan türetilmiş olan bu kavramların anlamlandırılması konusunda literatüre katkı sunmaktır. Toplum 5.0 ve Çin Yapımı 2025 terimlerinin sosyal medyada hangi kelimeler ve kavramlar ile bağdaştırıldığı ve literatür tanımları ile ne derece tutarlı olduğu Twitter platformu üzerindeki tweetler aracılığı ile tespit edilmeye çalışılmış, terimler ile birlikte öne çıkan kelimeler analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca Google Trends kullanılarak ülkelere/bölgelere göre ilgi seviyeleri ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toplum 5.0
• Çin Yapımı 2025
• Dijital Dönüşüm
• Endüstri 4.0
• Twitter

An Analysis on Digital Transformation Concepts of East Asian Origin

Öz

Technologies that are developed through digital transformation and Industry 4.0 started to have a significant impact on national economies and especially on businesses. With Industry 4.0 emerging in Germany, many countries are attempting to develop their own national strategies in order not to fall behind in digital transformation. Although there are evident differences on the strategies in the national development plans of the industrially developed countries; sustaining or regaining leadership in industry, economic, social and environmental-based targets are becoming increasingly common. Concepts emerged in East Asia, such as Society 5.0 and Made in China 2025 which are based on Industry 4.0 and digital transformation are examples of these strategies. While Industry 4.0 technologies and related applications have not gained full reaction and prevalence in industry and scientific studies yet, examining similar concepts in terms of their purposes, where and how they are being used will enable the evaluation of interactions between the concepts. In the literature, while Industry 4.0 is mostly related to manufacturing and production technologies, it is stated that Society 5.0 which is emerging in Japan is related to the quality of life of individuals and hence, the society. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature in terms of meaning of these concepts which are derived from the Industry 4.0. This study is an attempt to determine which words and concepts associated with Society 5.0 and Made in China 2025 on social media through tweets on the Twitter platform. Most prominent words along with the terms are analyzed. Furthermore, another attempt has been made to measure the level of interest by country/region through Google Trends.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Society 5.0
• Made in China 2025
• Digital Transformation
• Industry 4.0
• Twitter

Kaynakça

1. Chen, J.-L. (2018), The Cases Study of “One Belt and One Road” and “Made in China 2025” Impact on the Development of Taiwan’s Machine Tool Industry. International Business Research 11, p189. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n2p189
2. Chou, C.-M., Shen, C.-H., Hsiao, H.-C., Shen, T.-C, (2018). Industry 4.0 Manpower and Its Teaching Connotation in Technical and Vocational Education: Adjust 107 Curriculum Reform. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 5, 9–14.
3. Dinis, G., Breda, Z., Costa, C., Pacheco, O. (2019), Google Trends in tourism and hospitality research: a systematic literature review. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 10, 747–763. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-08-2018-0086
4. Feinerer, I., Hornik, K., Software, A. (2017), tm: Text Mining Package.
5. Fukuyama, M. (2018), Society 5.0: Aiming for a New Human-Centered Society. Japan SPOTLIGHT 46–50.
6. Gentry, J. (2015), twitteR: R Based Twitter Client.
7. Gladden, M.E. (2019), Who Will Be the Members of Society 5.0? Towards an Anthropology of Technologically Posthumanized Future Societies. Social Sciences 8, 1–39.
8. Google Trends (2020)., "Google Trendler verileri hakkında SSS" [çevrimiçi], https://support.google.com/trends/answer/4365533?hl=tr (17 Şubat 2020).

9. IFR (2018), Executive Summary World Robotics 2019 Industrial Robots. IFR, Frankfurt am Main.
10. Iyengar, A., Kundu, A., Pallis, G. (2018), Healthcare Informatics and Privacy. IEEE Internet Computing 22, 29–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIC.2018.022021660
11. Kabakuş, A.T., Şimşek, M. (2019), An Analysis of the Characteristics of Verified Twitter Users. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 2, 180–186. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis.02.03.649708
12. Keidanren (2018), Society 5.0: Co-creating the future (Excerpt). Keidanren.
13. Lee, M.-X., Lee, Y.-C., Chou, C.J. (2017), Essential Implications of the Digital Transformation in Industry 4.0. JSIR Vol.76(08)
14. Li, L. (2018), China’s manufacturing locus in 2025: With a comparison of “Made-in-China 2025” and “Industry 4.0.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 135, 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.028
15. Mitra, R.M. (2018), Digital Transformation and Industry 4.0 in Southeast Asia. Panorama: Insights into Asian and European Affairs: Digital Asia 121–145.
16. Müller, J.M., Voigt, K.-I. (2018), Sustainable Industrial Value Creation in SMEs: A Comparison between Industry 4.0 and Made in China 2025. Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech. 5, 659–670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-018-0056-z
17. Nuti, S.V., Wayda, B., Ranasinghe, I., Wang, S., Dreyer, R.P., Chen, S.I., Murugiah, K. (2014), The use of google trends in health care research: a systematic review. PLoS ONE 9, e109583. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109583
18. Pirvu, B.C., Zamfirescu, C.B. (2017), Smart factory in the context of 4th industrial revolution: challenges and opportunities for Romania. MS&E 227, 012094. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/227/1/012094
19. R Development Core Team (2016), R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
20. RStudio Team (2017), RStudio: Integrated development environment for R. RStudio Inc., Boston, MA.
21. Salgues, B. (2018), Society 5.0: Industry of the Future, Technologies, Methods and Tools. Wiley.
22. Savanevičienė, A., Statnickė, G., Vaitkevičius, S. (2019), Individual Innovativeness of Different Generations in the Context of the Forthcoming Society 5.0 in Lithuania. EE 30, 211–222. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.30.2.22760
23. Schwertner, K. (2017), Digital transformation of business. TJS 15, 388–393. https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2017.s.01.065
24. Selko, A. (2015)., "Top 10 Manufacturing Countries in 2020". IndustryWeek. [çevrimiçi] https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/competitiveness/media-gallery/22011658/top-10-manufacturing-countries-in-2020 (12 Aralık 2019).
25. Shearer, C. (2000), The CRISP-DM model: the new blueprint for data mining. Journal of data warehousing 5, 13–22.
26. Shiroishi, Y., Uchiyama, K., Suzuki, N. (2018), Society 5.0: For Human Security and Well-Being. Computer 51, 91–95. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2018.3011041
27. Skobelev, P.O., Borovik, S.Y. (2017), On the way from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0: from digital manufacturing to digital society. Industry 4.0 2, 307–311.
28. Takakuwa, S., Veza, I., Celar, S. (2018), “Industry 4.0” in Europe and East Asia, in: Katalinic, B. (Ed.), DAAAM Proceedings. DAAAM International Vienna, pp. 61–69. https://doi.org/10.2507/29th.daaam.proceedings.009
29. Twitter (2020)., "Overview — Twitter Developers", [çevrimiçi], https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/tweets/search/overview (29 Ocak 2020).
30. Wyes, H. (2018), Connecting Sustainable Lifestyles, Industry 4.0, and the Circular Economy, in: Industry 4.0: Empowering ASEAN for the Circular Economy. Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, Indonesia, pp. 36–66.
31. Yilmaz, İ.G., Aygün, D., Tanrikulu, Z. (2017), Social Media’s Perspective on Industry 4.0: A Twitter Analysis. Social Networking 06, 251. https://doi.org/10.4236/sn.2017.64017