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Representative Bureaucracy Practices in Canada

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8, 81 - 94, 31.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.474153

Öz

Today, almost all societies are composed of different people due to factors such as ethnicity, language,
religion, culture and color in addition to disadvantaged groups, in particular women and disabled people.
The ability of these people to continue their daily lives in the society, to meet their basic needs depends on
their ability to participate in working life with other people in equal conditions and opportunities. In order
to manage the increasing diversity of workforce parallel to the diversity in the social structure, it has been
revealed that countries should make some special arrangements regarding the working life in terms of the public sector. At this point, the concept of representing the general structure of the society emerged in
bureaucracy.
Representative bureaucracy has developed on issues such as having equal opportunities in representation
of minorities and disadvantaged groups in the bureaucracy, prohibiting all forms of discrimination other
than merit in recruitment. In this way, it was emphasized that everyone's participation in the services to be
made to the public will be ensured, equal public service can be given to everyone and the separation
between those who benefit from the service can be prevented.
In this study, it is tried to explain the concept of representative bureaucracy which represents the general
structure of the society in bureaucracy and the development and applications of representative bureaucracy
in the Canadian bureaucratic system which is one of the successful examples of this.

Kaynakça

  • Andrews, R., Boyne, G. A., Meier, K, J., O’Toole Jr. L. J. and Walker, R. M. (2005), Representative Bureaucracy, Organizational Strategy, and Public Service Performance: An Empirical Analysis of English Local Government, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, JPART 15:489–504.
  • Altunok, H. ve Gedikkaya, F.G. (2016), Kamu Politikaları Ansiklopedisi, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara
  • Bradbury, M. D. and Kellough, J. E. (2011), Representative Bureaucracy: Assessing the Evidence on Active Representation, The American Review of Public Administration 41(2) 157 –167 sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI:10.1177/0275074010367823
  • Clark, R. C., Ochs, H. A. and Frazier, M. (2013), Representative Bureaucracy: The Politics of Access to Policy Making Positions in the Federal Executive Service, Public Personnel Management 42(1) 75–89 sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0091026013484570 ppm.sagepub.com (10.08.2018)
  • Eryılmaz, Bilal (2017), Kamu Yönetimi Düşünceler, Yapılar, Fonksiyonlar, Politikalar, Umuttepe Yayınları, İzmit-Kocaeli.
  • Grissom J. A., Kern, E. C. and Rodriguez, L. A., (2015), The “Representative Bureaucracy” in Education: Educator Workforce Diversity, Policy Outputs, and Outcomes for Disadvantaged Students, Educational Researcher, Vol. 44 No. 3, pp. 185–192, DOI: 10.3102/0013189X15580102.
  • Rehfuss, J. A. (1986), A Representative Bureaucracy? Women and Minority Executives in California Career Service Source: Public Administration Review, Vol. 46, No. 5 ( Sep. – Oct., 1986), pp. 454-460 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the American Society for Public Administration Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/975785 (11.08.2018) .
  • Riccucci N. M and Saidel J. R. (1997), The Representativeness of State- Level Bureaucratic Leaders: A Missing Piece of theRepresentative Bureaucracy Puzzle Source: Public Administration Review, Vol. 57, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1997), pp. 423-430 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the American Society for Public Administration Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3109988 (11.08.2018)
  • Öztürk, Namık Kemal (2017), Bürokrasi-Siyaset İlişkileri ve Türkiye, Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Şahin, B. (2016), Kamu Personel Sisteminde İşe Girme Ve Yükselmede Çağdaş Liyakat Kavramları, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 25, Sayı 1, 2016, Sayfa 231-242 http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/360274 (12.08.2018).
  • Wilkins, M. V. and Williams, B. N. (2005), Black or Blue: Racial Profiling and Representative Bureaucracy, Prepared for presentation at the 8th Public Management Research Conference, September 29th – October 2nd, 2005 in Los Angeles, California
  • Woo, K. H. (2015), Representatıve Bureaucracy: The Malaysıan Perspectıve, International Journal of Political Science, Law and International Relations (IJPSLIR) ISSN(P): 2278–8832; ISSN(E): 2278–8840 Vol. 5, Issue 1, Feb 2015, 11-22.
  • ABD Sivil Haklar Yasası için bkz: https://legcounsel.house.gov/Comps/Civil%20Rights%20Act%20Of%201964.pdf (19.09.2018)
  • Hindistan Anayasası bkz: https://www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf (17.09.2018)
  • Kamu Personel İstatistikleri için bkz: http://www.dpb.gov.tr/tr-tr/istatistikler/kamu-personeli-istatistikleri (17.08.2018)
  • Kanada Anayasası bkz:http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-15.html#h-45 (15.08.2018)
  • Kanada İnsan Hakları Yasası bkz: http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/h-6/page-1.html (15.08.2018)
  • Kanada İstihdamda Eşitlik Yasası için bkz : http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/E-5.401/page-2.html#docCont (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada Kamu Hizmeti İstihdam Yasası için bkz: http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/P-33/page-1.html (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada Kamu Hizmetinde İstihdam Eşitliği Raporu için bkz:https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/tbs-sct/documents/reports/eepsfy-emefp/2017/eepsfy-emefp-eng.pdf (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada Nüfusu bkz: http://countrymeters.info/en/Canada (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada Kamu İstihdam Sayısı için bkz:https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/innovation/human-resources- statistics/population-federal-public-service-department.html (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada’da Engelli Nüfus için bkz: https://easterseals.ca/english/wp.content/uploads/2016/12/Disability-in-Canada-Facts-Figures.pdf (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada’da Aborjin Nüfusu bkz:https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-011-x/99-011-x2011001-eng.cfm (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada’da Etnik Çeşitlilik bkz: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-010-x/99-010-x2011001-eng.cfm (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada Kamu Hizmeti Çalışan Anketi bkz:https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/innovation/public-service-employee-survey.html (14.08.2018)

Kanada'da Temsili Bürokrasi Uygulamaları

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8, 81 - 94, 31.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.474153

Öz

Günümüzde neredeyse bütün toplumlar etnik, dil, din, kültür, renk gibi unsurlar sebebiyle birbirinden farklı insanların yanı sıra özellikle kadın ve engelli gibi bazı hususlarda dezavantajlı gruplardan oluşmaktadır. Bu insanların yaşadıkları toplumda gündelik yaşantılarına devam edebilmeleri, temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmeleri çalışma hayatına diğer insanlarla eşit koşullarda ve fırsatlarla katılabilmelerine bağlıdır. Toplumsal yapıda meydana gelen çeşitliliğe paralel olarak artan iş gücü çeşitliliğini yönetmek için ülkelerin kamu sektörü açısından da çalışma hayatına ilişkin birtakım özel düzenlemeler yapması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu noktada toplumun genel yapısının bürokraside temsil edilmesi kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır.

Temsili bürokrasi, bürokraside azınlık ve dezavantajlı grupların temsilinde eşit fırsatlara sahip olunması, işe alınmalarında liyakat dışında her türlü ayrımcılığın yasaklanması. Bu sayede kamuya yapılacak hizmetler hususunda herkesin katılımının sağlanacağı, herkese eşit kamu hizmeti verilebileceği ve hizmetten yaralananlar arasında ayırım yapılmasının engellenebileceği vurgulanmıştır.

Bu çalışmada toplumun genel yapısının bürokraside temsil edilmesi anlamına gelen temsili bürokrasi kavramı açıklanmaya çalışılmış ve bunun başarılı örneklerinden biri olan Kanada bürokratik sisteminde temsili bürokrasinin gelişimi ve uygulamaları ele alınmıştır.



Kaynakça

  • Andrews, R., Boyne, G. A., Meier, K, J., O’Toole Jr. L. J. and Walker, R. M. (2005), Representative Bureaucracy, Organizational Strategy, and Public Service Performance: An Empirical Analysis of English Local Government, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, JPART 15:489–504.
  • Altunok, H. ve Gedikkaya, F.G. (2016), Kamu Politikaları Ansiklopedisi, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara
  • Bradbury, M. D. and Kellough, J. E. (2011), Representative Bureaucracy: Assessing the Evidence on Active Representation, The American Review of Public Administration 41(2) 157 –167 sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI:10.1177/0275074010367823
  • Clark, R. C., Ochs, H. A. and Frazier, M. (2013), Representative Bureaucracy: The Politics of Access to Policy Making Positions in the Federal Executive Service, Public Personnel Management 42(1) 75–89 sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0091026013484570 ppm.sagepub.com (10.08.2018)
  • Eryılmaz, Bilal (2017), Kamu Yönetimi Düşünceler, Yapılar, Fonksiyonlar, Politikalar, Umuttepe Yayınları, İzmit-Kocaeli.
  • Grissom J. A., Kern, E. C. and Rodriguez, L. A., (2015), The “Representative Bureaucracy” in Education: Educator Workforce Diversity, Policy Outputs, and Outcomes for Disadvantaged Students, Educational Researcher, Vol. 44 No. 3, pp. 185–192, DOI: 10.3102/0013189X15580102.
  • Rehfuss, J. A. (1986), A Representative Bureaucracy? Women and Minority Executives in California Career Service Source: Public Administration Review, Vol. 46, No. 5 ( Sep. – Oct., 1986), pp. 454-460 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the American Society for Public Administration Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/975785 (11.08.2018) .
  • Riccucci N. M and Saidel J. R. (1997), The Representativeness of State- Level Bureaucratic Leaders: A Missing Piece of theRepresentative Bureaucracy Puzzle Source: Public Administration Review, Vol. 57, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1997), pp. 423-430 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the American Society for Public Administration Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3109988 (11.08.2018)
  • Öztürk, Namık Kemal (2017), Bürokrasi-Siyaset İlişkileri ve Türkiye, Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Şahin, B. (2016), Kamu Personel Sisteminde İşe Girme Ve Yükselmede Çağdaş Liyakat Kavramları, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 25, Sayı 1, 2016, Sayfa 231-242 http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/360274 (12.08.2018).
  • Wilkins, M. V. and Williams, B. N. (2005), Black or Blue: Racial Profiling and Representative Bureaucracy, Prepared for presentation at the 8th Public Management Research Conference, September 29th – October 2nd, 2005 in Los Angeles, California
  • Woo, K. H. (2015), Representatıve Bureaucracy: The Malaysıan Perspectıve, International Journal of Political Science, Law and International Relations (IJPSLIR) ISSN(P): 2278–8832; ISSN(E): 2278–8840 Vol. 5, Issue 1, Feb 2015, 11-22.
  • ABD Sivil Haklar Yasası için bkz: https://legcounsel.house.gov/Comps/Civil%20Rights%20Act%20Of%201964.pdf (19.09.2018)
  • Hindistan Anayasası bkz: https://www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf (17.09.2018)
  • Kamu Personel İstatistikleri için bkz: http://www.dpb.gov.tr/tr-tr/istatistikler/kamu-personeli-istatistikleri (17.08.2018)
  • Kanada Anayasası bkz:http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-15.html#h-45 (15.08.2018)
  • Kanada İnsan Hakları Yasası bkz: http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/h-6/page-1.html (15.08.2018)
  • Kanada İstihdamda Eşitlik Yasası için bkz : http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/E-5.401/page-2.html#docCont (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada Kamu Hizmeti İstihdam Yasası için bkz: http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/P-33/page-1.html (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada Kamu Hizmetinde İstihdam Eşitliği Raporu için bkz:https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/tbs-sct/documents/reports/eepsfy-emefp/2017/eepsfy-emefp-eng.pdf (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada Nüfusu bkz: http://countrymeters.info/en/Canada (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada Kamu İstihdam Sayısı için bkz:https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/innovation/human-resources- statistics/population-federal-public-service-department.html (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada’da Engelli Nüfus için bkz: https://easterseals.ca/english/wp.content/uploads/2016/12/Disability-in-Canada-Facts-Figures.pdf (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada’da Aborjin Nüfusu bkz:https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-011-x/99-011-x2011001-eng.cfm (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada’da Etnik Çeşitlilik bkz: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-010-x/99-010-x2011001-eng.cfm (13.08.2018)
  • Kanada Kamu Hizmeti Çalışan Anketi bkz:https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/innovation/public-service-employee-survey.html (14.08.2018)
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Namık Kemal Öztürk

Özge Hameş Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ekim 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, N. K., & Hameş, Ö. (2018). Kanada’da Temsili Bürokrasi Uygulamaları. Strategic Public Management Journal, 4(8), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.474153