COMPARISON OF SOMATOTYPE, BODY FAT, UPPER EXTREMITY LENGTH, AND HANDGRIP STRENTGH OF AIR PISTOL AND AIR RIFLE ATHLETES

Abstract

The aim of this study is to compare the somatotype, body fat percentage, upper extremity length and hand grip strength of air pistol and air rifle athletes. 30 youth and junior shooters (air pistols n=15, 6 females and 9 males; air rifles n=15, 6 females and 9 males) voluntarily participated in the research. Somatotype, body fat, body mass index, upper extremity lengths (arm, upper arm, forearm and index fnger length) and hand grip strength measurements os the participants were taken. The Heat Carter method was used to determine the somatotype characteristics of the research groups, and the Siri formula was used to calculate the body fat. Descriptive statistics and hypothesis tests (t-test for parmateric data, Mann Whitney U test for non-parametric data) were carried out using SigmaPlot software to compare anthropometric and somatotype characteristics of air pistol and air rifle athletes. Although it was determined that air rifle athletes had significantly higher body height, arm length, forearm, and upper arm lengths and significantly lower body fat compared to air pistol athletes; index finger length was not significantly different between the groups. Air pistol athletes have significantly high endomorphy and mesomorphy scores (air pistol and air rifle, respectively; endomorphy: 4.0±1.1 vs. 2.6±0.7, mesomorphy: 5.0±1.9 versus 3.5±1.2) and low ectomorphy score (2.0±0.7 vs. 2.7±0.7, respectively). Handgrip strength was not significantly different between the two disciplines on the dominant and non-dominant sides. Air pistol athletes have endomorphic mesomorph (4-5-2), while air rifle athletes have a balanced mesomorph (3-4-3) somatotype. As a result; both shooting disciplines differ in terms of somatotype and anthropometric characteristics (air rifle athletes are taller and more ectomorphic, air pistol athletes have a higher body fat and higher endomorphic and mesomorphic), it is recommended that this difference should be taken into consideration in talent selection and identification for coaches.

Keywords

• air pistol
• air rifle
• handgrip strength
• somatotype
• upper extremity length

HAVALI TABANCA VE HAVALI TÜFEK SPORCULARININ SOMATOTİP, VÜCUT YAĞ YÜZDESİ, ÜST EKSTREMİTE UZUNLUĞU VE EL KAVRAMA KUVVETLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, havalı tabanca ve havalı tüfek sporcularının somatotip, vücut yağ yüzdesi, üst ekstremite uzunluğu ve el kavrama kuvvetlerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Araştırmaya 30 yıldız ve genç atıcı (havalı tabanca n=15, 6 kadın ve 9 erkek; havalı tüfek n=15, 6 kadın ve 9 erkek) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcıların somatotip, vücut yağ yüzdesi, beden kütle indeksi, üst ekstremite uzunluğu (kol, üst kol, ön kol ve işaret parmağı uzunluğu) ve el kavrama kuvveti ölçümleri alınmıştır. Araştırma gruplarının somatotip özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde ise Heath Carter metodu, vücut yağ yüzdelerinin hesaplanmasında Siri formülü kullanılmıştır. Havalı tabanca ve havalı tüfek sporcularının antropometrik ve somatotip özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması amacı ile tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve hipotez testleri (parametrik verilerde bağımsız gruplar için t testi, parametrik olmayan verilerde Mann Whitney U testi) SigmaPlot yazılımı aracılığı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Havalı tüfek sporcularının havalı tabanca sporcularına göre anlamlı yüksek boy uzunluğu, kol uzunluğu, ön kol ve üst kol uzunluğuna ve anlamlı düşük vücut yağ yüzdesine sahip oldukları tespit edilmekle birlikte; işaret parmağı uzunluğu gruplar arası anlamlı farklı bulunmamıştır. Havalı tabanca sporcuları anlamlı yüksek endomorfi ile mezomorfi (havalı tabanca ve havalı tüfek sırasıyla; endomorfi: 4.0±1.1’e 2.6±0.7, mezomorfi: 5.0±1.9’a 3.5±1.2), düşük ektomorfi skoruna sahiptir (sırasıyla 2.0±0.7’ye 2.7±0.7). El kavrama kuvveti dominant ve non-dominant taraflarda her iki disiplin arasında anlamlı farklı değildir. Havalı tabanca sporcuları endomorfik mezomorf (4-5-2), havalı tüfek sporcularının ise dengeli mezomorf (3-4-3) somatotipe sahiptir. Sonuç olarak; her iki atıcılık disiplini de somatotip ve antropometrik özellikler açısından farklılık göstermektedir (havalı tüfek sporcuları daha uzun ve daha yüksek ektomorfik, havalı tabanca sporcularının daha yüksek vücut yağ yüzdeli ve daha yüksek endomorfik ve mezomorfik) ve antrenörler için bu farklılığın yetenek seçimi ve belirlenmesinde dikkate alınması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• havalı tabanca
• havalı tüfek
• el kavrama kuvveti
• somatotip
• üst ekstremite uzunluğu

Kaynakça

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