ELİT ALTI GENÇ VOLEYBOLCULARDA PLİYOMETRİK ANTRENMANLARIN FİZİKSEL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ

Öz

Bu çalışma, genç voleybol sporcularında, pliyometrik antrenmanların fiziksel performans üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya, haftada 3 gün antrenman yapan, lisanslı, kadın ve erkek toplam 23 sporcu (yaş: 17,47± 0,99 yıl; boy: 173,35 ± 9,53 cm; vücut ağırlığı: 67,78± 13,26 kg) katılmıştır. Ön test-son test kontrol gruplu deneysel araştırma dizaynı ile yapılan çalışmada katılımcılar, antropometrik testler, ön testler, antrenman uygulamaları ve son testler olmak üzere 9 seansa dâhil olmuşlardır. Ön ve son testlerde sporcuların fiziksel performansını ölçmek amacıyla mekik koşu testi (MKT), otur eriş esneklik testi (OE), sağlık topu fırlatma testi (STF), 20 m Sprint testi (ST20), 20 s mekik testi (MT20) ve koşu temelli anaerobik güç testi (KTA) uygulanmıştır. Ön test sonrasında 6 hafta antrenman uygulamaları yapılmış olup; kontrol grubuna geleneksel antrenman yöntemi uygulanırken, deney grubuna aynı süre kapsamında ek olarak pliyometrik antrenman yaptırılmıştır. Antrenmanların bitiminde fiziksel performans testleri tekrar yapılmıştır. Pliyometrik antrenman grubunda zamana göre, fiziksel performans parametrelerin tümünde anlamlı fark olduğu (p<0,05); buna karşın kontrol grubunda zamana göre performans parametrelerinde anlamlı bir fark olmadığı (p>0,05) tespit edilmiştir. Deney grubundaki anlamlı farklılıklar, STF testinde büyük oranda etki büyüklüğüne (Es=1,33) ve KTA test sırasındaki yorgunluk indeksi (Yİ) değerinde orta düzeyde etki büyüklüğüne (Es=0,76) sahiptir. Fiziksel performans parametrelerinde, grup*zaman bakımından anlamlı fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir (p>0,05). Elit altı genç voleybolcularda pliyometrik antrenmanlar, maksimal oksijen tüketimi, sürat, üst vücut kuvvet, çeviklik, anaerobik güç üzerinde etkili olabileceği söylenebilir. Antrenman programlarına, hem üst vücut hem de alt vücut pliyometrik hareketler eklemek, dayanıklılık, sürat ve çeviklik özelliklerini geliştirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fiziksel performans
• Genç sporcu
• Pliyometrik antrenman
• Voleybol

THE EFFECT OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN SUB-ELITE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Abstract

The aim of this study is the effects of of plyometric training (6 week*3 days) on physical per-formance of sub-elite volleyball players. Thirteen female and ten male, total twenty three vol-leyball players (age: 17.47±0.99 year; heigth: 173.35±9.53 cm; body weigth: 67.78±13.26 kg) were participated to the study. Athletes randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (PG; n=12), they had plyometric training; and a control group (CG; n=11) had regular training. All groups have training three times per week and they had total 18 training days. Physical tests; 20 m sprint test (ST20), T agility test (TAT), counter movement jump test (CMJ), seat and reach test (SRT), throwing medicine ball test (TMB), running based anaerobic sprint test (RAST), 20 second crunch test (CRT20) and shuttle run test (SHRT) were performed before and after the trainings. According to time, in all physical performance parameters, there was a significant difference in the PG (p<0.05); on the other hand, no significant difference in the CG (p>0.05). Significant differences in the PG have a large effect size in the TMB test (Es=1.33) and a medium effect size in the fatique index (FI) value during the RAST test (Es=0.76). It was determined that there was no significant difference in physical performance parameters in terms of group*time (p>0.05).Plyometric training may effective on maximal oxygen consumption, speed, upper body strength, agility and anaerobic power in sub-elite young volleyball players. Adding upper body and lower body plyometric movements to train-ing programs can improve endurance, flexibility, strength, speed and agility.

Keywords

• Physical performance
• plyometric training
• volleyball
• young athlete

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