Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

THE PARADOX OF COMMITMENT, DUTY AND SATISFACTION: SPORTS VOLUNTEERS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 4, 149 - 161, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1742009

Öz

Studies on volunteering conceptually focus on free choice and participation without coercion. However, it is believed that volunteering, including volunteers working in national or international sports organizations, can also carry a sense of obligation. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between volunteering as a duty, volunteering as a commitment, and activity satisfaction, along with several variables. The study utilized the correlational screening model, a quantitative research method. The study sample consisted of 339 sports volunteers aged between 18 and 51 (Age Mean = 26.35±5.30) working in organizations provided volunteer support by Spor Istanbul. According to the findings, while regular participation in volunteer organizations created a significant difference in volunteering as a commitment, it did not create any significant differences in volunteering as a duty and activity satisfaction. No significant differences were found in terms of the duration of participation in volunteer organizations in terms of volunteering as a commitment, volunteering as a duty, or activity satisfaction. While a significant difference was found only in terms of volunteering as a commitment in terms of frequency of participation in volunteer organizations, no difference was found in terms of volunteering as a duty and activity satisfaction. A moderate positive correlation was found between volunteering as a commitment and activity satisfaction, but no correlation was found between volunteering as a duty and activity satisfaction. Volunteering as a commitment was found to be a significant predictor of activity satisfaction. The findings are discussed in conjunction with the literature.

Kaynakça

  • Angosto, S., Bang, H., Bravo, G. A., Diaz-Suarez, A., & López-Gullón, J. M. (2021). Motivations and future intentions in sport event volunteering: a systematic review. Sustainability, 13(22), 12454.
  • Ardahan, F. (2015). Ciddi boş zaman faaliyeti olarak gönüllülük: AKUT örneği. III. Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 40-53.
  • Argan, M., Yüncü, D., Coşkun, İ. O., Sevil, T., Özel, Ç., Yüncü, H., & Şimşek, K. (2013). Rekreasyon yönetimi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
  • Argan, M. T., Yüncü, D. (2015). Etkinlik Pazarlama Yönetimi. İstanbul: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Aydın, İ. (2022). Rekreasyonel faaliyetlerde etkinlik doyum ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(1), 420-427.
  • Bang, H., & Ross, S. D. (2009). Volunteer motivation and satisfaction. Journal of venue and Event Management, 1(1), 61-77.
  • Bang, H., & Chelladurai, P. (2009). Development and validation of the volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE). International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 6(4), 332-350.
  • Bang, H., Won, D., & Kim, Y. (2009). Motivations, commitment, and intentions to continue volunteering for sporting events. Event Management, 13(2), 69-81.
  • Benevene, P., Buonomo, I., & West, M. (2020). The relationship between leadership behaviors and volunteer commitment: The role of volunteer satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 602466.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F., (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. (24. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Chiu, W., Kang, H. K., & Cho, H. (2024). The relationship between volunteer management, satisfaction, and intention to continue volunteering in sport events: An environmental psychology perspective. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 35(1), 7-33.
  • Child, D. (2006). The essentials of factor analysis. Third edition. London: Continuum.
  • Cnaan, R. A., Handy, F., & Wadsworth, M. (1996). Defining who is a volunteer: Conceptual and empirical considerations. Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly, 25(3), 364-383.
  • Cuskelly, G., & Harrington, M. (1997). Volunteers and leisure: Evidence of marginal and career volunteerism in sport. World Leisure & Recreation, 39(3), 11-18.
  • Cuskelly, G., Hoye, R., & Auld, C. (2006). Working with volunteers in sport: Theory and practice. Routledge.
  • Engelberg, T., Zakus, D. H., Skinner, J. L., & Campbell, A. (2012). Defining and measuring dimensionality and targets of the commitment of sport volunteers. Journal of Sport Management, 26(2), 192-205.
  • Er, B., & Gürbüz, P. G. (2021). Uluslararası spor organizasyonlarında gönüllü motivasyonu ile serbest zaman doyum düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 152-172.
  • Farrell, J. M., Johnston, M. E., & Twynam, G. D. (1998). Volunteer motivation, satisfaction, and management at an elite sporting competition. Journal of Sport Management, 12(4), 288-300.
  • Fairley, S., Lee, Y., Green, B. C., & Kim, M. L. (2013). Considering cultural influences in volunteer satisfaction and commitment. Event Management, 17(4), 337-348.
  • Fişne, M., & Karagöz, Y. (2016). Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonları İçin Gönüllü Motivasyonları Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 1-16.
  • Gallant, K., Smale, B., & Arai, S. (2017). Measurement of feelings of obligation to volunteer: The obligation to volunteer as commitment (OVC) and obligation to volunteer as duty (OVD) scales. Leisure Studies, 36(4), 588-601. Getz, D. (2007). Event Studies: Theory, Research And Policy For Planned Events. Elsevier.
  • Giannoulakis, C., Wang, C. H., & Felver, N. (2015). A modeling approach to sport volunteer satisfaction. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 6(3), 182-199.
  • Gürbüz, P. G., Deveci, M. E., Er, B., Tez, Ö. Y., & Zerengök, D. (2022). Bağlılık Olarak Gönüllülük Yükümlülüğü Ölçeği ve Görev Olarak Gönüllülük Yükümlülüğü Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(4), 147-166.
  • Han, K. (2023). The Impact of Commitment and Burnout on Continuance Intention Among Sport Volunteers. Journal of Sport and Recreation Management, 20(1), 48-57.
  • Haski-Leventhal, D. (2009). Altruism and volunteerism: The perceptions of altruism in four disciplines and their impact on the study of volunteerism. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 39(3), 271–299.
  • Henderson, K. (1984). Volunteerism as leisure. Journal of Voluntary Action Research, 13(1), 55-63. Hyde, M. K., Dunn, J., Wust, N., Bax, C., & Chambers, S. K. (2016). Satisfaction, organizational commitment and future action in charity sport event volunteers. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 21(3), 148-167.
  • Jain, A.K. (2016). "Volunteerism, affective commitment and citizenship behavior: An empirical study in India", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(3), 657-671.
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kim, D., Park, C., Kim, H., & Kim, J. (2019). Determinants and outcomes of volunteer satisfaction in mega sports events. Sustainability, 11(7), 1859.
  • Kim, M., & Bang, H. (2013). Volunteer management in sport. In Routledge handbook of sport management (pp. 159-177). Routledge.
  • Kline RB. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Koşan, A., & Güneş, E. (2009). Gönüllülük ve Erzurum 2011 Üniversitelerarası Kış Oyunları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(2), 1-18.
  • Lee, C. K., Reisinger, Y., Kim, M. J., & Yoon, S. M. (2014). The influence of volunteer motivation on satisfaction, attitudes, and support for a mega-event. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, 37-48.
  • Lee, Y., Kim, M., & Koo, J. (2016). The impact of social interaction and team member exchange on sport event volunteer management. Sport Management Review, 19(5), 550-562.
  • Lockstone‐Binney, L., Holmes, K., Smith, K., & Baum, T. (2010). Volunteers and volunteering in leisure: Social science perspectives. Leisure Studies, 29(4), 435-455.
  • Matsuba, M. K., Hart, D., & Atkins, R. (2007). Psychological and social-structural influences on commitment to volunteering. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(4), 889-907.
  • Nichols, G., Taylor, P., James, M., Holmes, K., King, L., & Garrett, R. (2005). Pressures on the UK voluntary sport sector. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 16, 33–50.
  • Nichols, G. (2017). Volunteering in community sports associations: a literature Review. Voluntaristics Review, 2(1), 1–75
  • Rabun, M. N., Hussin, Z., Ridzuan, M. R., & Ab Rahman, N. A. S. (2017). Exploring university students' level of commitment towards volunteerism. Journal of Administrative Science, 14(1), 1-12.
  • Ringuet, C. (2012). Volunteers in sport: Motivations and commitment to volunteer roles. Aspetar Sports Med J, 1, 154-161.
  • Ringuet-Riot, C., Cuskelly, G., Auld, C., & Zakus, D. H. (2016). Volunteer roles, involvement and commitment in voluntary sport organizations: Evidence of core and peripheral volunteers. In Sport and the Communities (pp. 116-133). Routledge.
  • Rojek, C. (2005). Leisure theory. Principles and Practice. New York: Springer.
  • Shantz, A., Saksida, T., & Alfes, K. (2014). Dedicating time to volunteering: Values, engagement, and commitment to beneficiaries. Applied Psychology, 63(4), 671-697.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (1996). Volunteering: A serious leisure perspective. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 25(2), 211-224.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (2015). Leisure and the motive to volunteer: Theories of serious, casual, and project-based leisure. Springer.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (2021). Volunteering and obligation: Positive and negative. In The Routledge handbook of volunteering in events, sport and tourism (pp. 425-433). Routledge.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Fourth edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Tavşancıl, E. (2002). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Van Til, J. (1988). Mapping the third sector: Voluntarism in a changing social economy. NewYork: The Foundation Center.
  • Vecina, M. L., Chacón, F., Sueiro, M., & Barrón, A. (2012). Volunteer engagement: Does engagement predict the degree of satisfaction among new volunteers and the commitment of those who have been active longer?. Applied psychology, 61(1), 130-148.
  • Veludo-de-Oliveira, T. M., Pallister, J. G., & Foxall, G. R. (2015). Unselfish? Understanding the role of altruism, empathy, and beliefs in volunteering commitment. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 27(4), 373-396.
  • Zhigang, W., Yingfei, L., Jinyao, Z., Xintao, L., Hongyan, D., & Lei, Z. (2022). How sports event volunteer management affects volunteers’ satisfaction and engagement: The mediating role of social capital. Sage
  • Zhou, S., & Kodama Muscente, K. (2023). Meta-analysis of volunteer motives using the volunteer functions inventory to predict volunteer satisfaction, commitment, and behavior. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 52(5), 1331-1356.
  • Wicker, P. (2017). Volunteerism and volunteer management in sport. Sport Management Review, 20(4), 325-337. Open, 12(2), 21582440221101036.

BAĞLILIK, GÖREV VE DOYUM PARADOKSU: SPOR GÖNÜLLÜLERİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 4, 149 - 161, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1742009

Öz

Gönüllülüğe ilişkin çalışmalar, kavramsal açıdan özgür seçim ve zorlama olmaksızın katılım üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Ancak ulusal ya da uluslararası spor organizasyonlarında görev alan gönüllüler de dahil olmak üzere, gönüllülüğün yükümlülük hissine sahip olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise görev olarak gönüllülük, bağlılık olarak gönüllülük ve etkinlik doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin bazı değişkenlerle birlikte incelenmesidir. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu Spor İstanbul tarafından gönüllü desteği sağlanan organizasyonlarda görev alan 18-51 yaş aralığında (YaşOrt.= 26,35±5,30) 339 spor gönüllüsü oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre düzenli olarak gönüllü organizasyonlarına katılım, bağlılık olarak gönüllülük açısından anlamlı bir fark yaratırken, görev olarak gönüllülük ve etkinlik doyumu açısından herhangi bir anlamlı bir fark yaratmamıştır. Gönüllü organizasyonlarına katılım süresi değişkeni açısından bağlılık olarak gönüllülük, görev olarak gönüllülük ve etkinlik doyumunda herhangi anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemiştir. Gönüllü organizasyonlarına katılım sıklığı açısından yalnızca bağlılık olarak gönüllülükte anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilirken, görev olarak gönüllülük ve etkinlik doyumu açısından herhangi bir fark saptanmamıştır. Bağlılık olarak gönüllülük ve etkinlik doyumu arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde ilişki tespit edilirken, görev olarak gönüllülük ve etkinlik doyumu arasında ise herhangi bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Bağlılık olarak gönüllülüğün etkinlik doyumunun anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular literatürle birlikte tartışılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Angosto, S., Bang, H., Bravo, G. A., Diaz-Suarez, A., & López-Gullón, J. M. (2021). Motivations and future intentions in sport event volunteering: a systematic review. Sustainability, 13(22), 12454.
  • Ardahan, F. (2015). Ciddi boş zaman faaliyeti olarak gönüllülük: AKUT örneği. III. Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 40-53.
  • Argan, M., Yüncü, D., Coşkun, İ. O., Sevil, T., Özel, Ç., Yüncü, H., & Şimşek, K. (2013). Rekreasyon yönetimi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
  • Argan, M. T., Yüncü, D. (2015). Etkinlik Pazarlama Yönetimi. İstanbul: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Aydın, İ. (2022). Rekreasyonel faaliyetlerde etkinlik doyum ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(1), 420-427.
  • Bang, H., & Ross, S. D. (2009). Volunteer motivation and satisfaction. Journal of venue and Event Management, 1(1), 61-77.
  • Bang, H., & Chelladurai, P. (2009). Development and validation of the volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE). International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 6(4), 332-350.
  • Bang, H., Won, D., & Kim, Y. (2009). Motivations, commitment, and intentions to continue volunteering for sporting events. Event Management, 13(2), 69-81.
  • Benevene, P., Buonomo, I., & West, M. (2020). The relationship between leadership behaviors and volunteer commitment: The role of volunteer satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 602466.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F., (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. (24. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Chiu, W., Kang, H. K., & Cho, H. (2024). The relationship between volunteer management, satisfaction, and intention to continue volunteering in sport events: An environmental psychology perspective. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 35(1), 7-33.
  • Child, D. (2006). The essentials of factor analysis. Third edition. London: Continuum.
  • Cnaan, R. A., Handy, F., & Wadsworth, M. (1996). Defining who is a volunteer: Conceptual and empirical considerations. Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly, 25(3), 364-383.
  • Cuskelly, G., & Harrington, M. (1997). Volunteers and leisure: Evidence of marginal and career volunteerism in sport. World Leisure & Recreation, 39(3), 11-18.
  • Cuskelly, G., Hoye, R., & Auld, C. (2006). Working with volunteers in sport: Theory and practice. Routledge.
  • Engelberg, T., Zakus, D. H., Skinner, J. L., & Campbell, A. (2012). Defining and measuring dimensionality and targets of the commitment of sport volunteers. Journal of Sport Management, 26(2), 192-205.
  • Er, B., & Gürbüz, P. G. (2021). Uluslararası spor organizasyonlarında gönüllü motivasyonu ile serbest zaman doyum düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 152-172.
  • Farrell, J. M., Johnston, M. E., & Twynam, G. D. (1998). Volunteer motivation, satisfaction, and management at an elite sporting competition. Journal of Sport Management, 12(4), 288-300.
  • Fairley, S., Lee, Y., Green, B. C., & Kim, M. L. (2013). Considering cultural influences in volunteer satisfaction and commitment. Event Management, 17(4), 337-348.
  • Fişne, M., & Karagöz, Y. (2016). Uluslararası Spor Organizasyonları İçin Gönüllü Motivasyonları Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 1-16.
  • Gallant, K., Smale, B., & Arai, S. (2017). Measurement of feelings of obligation to volunteer: The obligation to volunteer as commitment (OVC) and obligation to volunteer as duty (OVD) scales. Leisure Studies, 36(4), 588-601. Getz, D. (2007). Event Studies: Theory, Research And Policy For Planned Events. Elsevier.
  • Giannoulakis, C., Wang, C. H., & Felver, N. (2015). A modeling approach to sport volunteer satisfaction. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 6(3), 182-199.
  • Gürbüz, P. G., Deveci, M. E., Er, B., Tez, Ö. Y., & Zerengök, D. (2022). Bağlılık Olarak Gönüllülük Yükümlülüğü Ölçeği ve Görev Olarak Gönüllülük Yükümlülüğü Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(4), 147-166.
  • Han, K. (2023). The Impact of Commitment and Burnout on Continuance Intention Among Sport Volunteers. Journal of Sport and Recreation Management, 20(1), 48-57.
  • Haski-Leventhal, D. (2009). Altruism and volunteerism: The perceptions of altruism in four disciplines and their impact on the study of volunteerism. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 39(3), 271–299.
  • Henderson, K. (1984). Volunteerism as leisure. Journal of Voluntary Action Research, 13(1), 55-63. Hyde, M. K., Dunn, J., Wust, N., Bax, C., & Chambers, S. K. (2016). Satisfaction, organizational commitment and future action in charity sport event volunteers. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 21(3), 148-167.
  • Jain, A.K. (2016). "Volunteerism, affective commitment and citizenship behavior: An empirical study in India", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(3), 657-671.
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kim, D., Park, C., Kim, H., & Kim, J. (2019). Determinants and outcomes of volunteer satisfaction in mega sports events. Sustainability, 11(7), 1859.
  • Kim, M., & Bang, H. (2013). Volunteer management in sport. In Routledge handbook of sport management (pp. 159-177). Routledge.
  • Kline RB. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Koşan, A., & Güneş, E. (2009). Gönüllülük ve Erzurum 2011 Üniversitelerarası Kış Oyunları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(2), 1-18.
  • Lee, C. K., Reisinger, Y., Kim, M. J., & Yoon, S. M. (2014). The influence of volunteer motivation on satisfaction, attitudes, and support for a mega-event. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, 37-48.
  • Lee, Y., Kim, M., & Koo, J. (2016). The impact of social interaction and team member exchange on sport event volunteer management. Sport Management Review, 19(5), 550-562.
  • Lockstone‐Binney, L., Holmes, K., Smith, K., & Baum, T. (2010). Volunteers and volunteering in leisure: Social science perspectives. Leisure Studies, 29(4), 435-455.
  • Matsuba, M. K., Hart, D., & Atkins, R. (2007). Psychological and social-structural influences on commitment to volunteering. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(4), 889-907.
  • Nichols, G., Taylor, P., James, M., Holmes, K., King, L., & Garrett, R. (2005). Pressures on the UK voluntary sport sector. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 16, 33–50.
  • Nichols, G. (2017). Volunteering in community sports associations: a literature Review. Voluntaristics Review, 2(1), 1–75
  • Rabun, M. N., Hussin, Z., Ridzuan, M. R., & Ab Rahman, N. A. S. (2017). Exploring university students' level of commitment towards volunteerism. Journal of Administrative Science, 14(1), 1-12.
  • Ringuet, C. (2012). Volunteers in sport: Motivations and commitment to volunteer roles. Aspetar Sports Med J, 1, 154-161.
  • Ringuet-Riot, C., Cuskelly, G., Auld, C., & Zakus, D. H. (2016). Volunteer roles, involvement and commitment in voluntary sport organizations: Evidence of core and peripheral volunteers. In Sport and the Communities (pp. 116-133). Routledge.
  • Rojek, C. (2005). Leisure theory. Principles and Practice. New York: Springer.
  • Shantz, A., Saksida, T., & Alfes, K. (2014). Dedicating time to volunteering: Values, engagement, and commitment to beneficiaries. Applied Psychology, 63(4), 671-697.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (1996). Volunteering: A serious leisure perspective. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 25(2), 211-224.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (2015). Leisure and the motive to volunteer: Theories of serious, casual, and project-based leisure. Springer.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (2021). Volunteering and obligation: Positive and negative. In The Routledge handbook of volunteering in events, sport and tourism (pp. 425-433). Routledge.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Fourth edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Tavşancıl, E. (2002). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Van Til, J. (1988). Mapping the third sector: Voluntarism in a changing social economy. NewYork: The Foundation Center.
  • Vecina, M. L., Chacón, F., Sueiro, M., & Barrón, A. (2012). Volunteer engagement: Does engagement predict the degree of satisfaction among new volunteers and the commitment of those who have been active longer?. Applied psychology, 61(1), 130-148.
  • Veludo-de-Oliveira, T. M., Pallister, J. G., & Foxall, G. R. (2015). Unselfish? Understanding the role of altruism, empathy, and beliefs in volunteering commitment. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 27(4), 373-396.
  • Zhigang, W., Yingfei, L., Jinyao, Z., Xintao, L., Hongyan, D., & Lei, Z. (2022). How sports event volunteer management affects volunteers’ satisfaction and engagement: The mediating role of social capital. Sage
  • Zhou, S., & Kodama Muscente, K. (2023). Meta-analysis of volunteer motives using the volunteer functions inventory to predict volunteer satisfaction, commitment, and behavior. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 52(5), 1331-1356.
  • Wicker, P. (2017). Volunteerism and volunteer management in sport. Sport Management Review, 20(4), 325-337. Open, 12(2), 21582440221101036.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Faaliyetleri Yönetimi, Spor ve Rekreasyon
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Batuhan Er 0000-0002-4269-4149

Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 6 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Er, B. (2025). THE PARADOX OF COMMITMENT, DUTY AND SATISFACTION: SPORTS VOLUNTEERS. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(4), 149-161. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1742009
Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Non-Derivatives 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

                                                                                                     Flag Counter