SPORDA ÇOCUK İSTİSMARI EBEVEYN FARKINDALIĞI: “NE KADAR FARKINDAYIZ?”

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sporcu ebeveynlerinin sporda çocuk istismarına yönelik farkındalıklarının incelenmesidir. Araştırma, betimsel ve ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma grubu kolayda örnekleme yoluyla belirlenen, çocuğu aktif olarak spor yapan 273 ebeveynden (187 anne, 86 baba) oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak "Kişisel Bilgi Formu" ve Güler ve Tuncel (2024) tarafından geliştirilen "Sporda Çocuk İstismarı Farkındalık Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Jamovi 2.6.23 programı kullanılmış; betimsel istatistikler, bağımsız örneklemler için t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi testi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular, annelerin toplam farkındalık puanlarının babalara kıyasla daha yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymuştu (p<.05). Eğitim düzeyi açısından incelendiğinde üniversite mezunlarının lise mezunlarına göre sorumluluk farkındalıklarının daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Düzenli olarak egzersiz yapan ebeveynlerin yapmayanlara göre istismarı tanıma ve uygun yanıt vermede daha yüksek farkındalığa sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Ek olarak, 45-60 yaş aralığındaki ebeveynlerin, 30-44 yaş aralığındaki ebeveynlere göre risk faktörlerine ilişkin farkındalıklarının anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, ebeveynlerin sporda çocuk istismarı farkındalıklarının cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi ve egzersiz alışkanlıklarına göre farklılık gösterdiği bulunuştur. Bu sonuçlar, spor kulüpleri ve federasyonlardaki ebeveynlere yönelik eğitim programlarının sürdürülmesinin ve istismar belirtileri, ebeveyn sorumlulukları ve müdahale stratejilerine ilişkin bilgi düzeyinin artırılmasının öneminin altını çizmektedir. Çocuk koruma politikalarının güçlendirilmesi ve aileler, antrenörler ve spor organizasyonları arasındaki etkili iletişimin geliştirilmesi çocuklar için güvenli spor ortamlarının sağlanması için hayati bir önem taşımaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sporda Çocuk İstismarı
• ebeveyn farkındalığı
• sporda çocuk koruma
• güvenli spor
• sporcu aileleri

PARENTAL AWARENESS OF CHILD ABUSE IN SPORT: “HOW AWARE ARE WE?”

Öz

The aim of this study was to examine parents’ awareness of child abuse in sport. The research was conducted using a descriptive and correlational survey model. The study group consisted of 273 parents (187 mothers, 86 fathers) whose children were actively engaged in sports, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the “Personal Information Form” and the “Child Abuse Awareness Scale in Sport” developed by Güler and Tuncel (2024). Statistical analyses were performed with the Jamovi 2.6.23 program, including descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The findings revealed that mothers had significantly higher overall awareness scores compared to fathers (p<.05). In terms of education, university graduates scored higher on responsibility awareness than high school graduates. Parents who exercised regularly demonstrated greater awareness in recognizing and appropriately responding to abuse than those who did not. Furthermore, parents aged 45–60 reported significantly higher awareness of risk factors than parents aged 30–44. In conclusion, parental awareness of child abuse in sport varied by gender, age, education level, and exercise habits. These results underscore the importance of ongoing parental education programs in sports clubs and federations to enhance knowledge of abuse indicators, responsibilities, and intervention strategies. Strengthening child protection policies and fostering effective communication between families, coaches, and sports organizations are essential for ensuring safe sporting environments for children.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Child abuse in sport
• parental awareness
• child protection in sport
• safe sport
• sports families

Kaynakça

1. Algamdi, M. M., Rezq, K. A., Al-Moteri, M., Almegewly, W. H., Alanazi, J., Alanazi, S., ... & Alanazi, J. (2025). Assessing Saudi Arabian parents' awareness of child sexual abuse using the Arabic version of child sexual abuse awareness scale for parents: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 169, 107634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107634
2. Berkmen B. (2023). Examining the Awareness Levels of Parents on Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 18(4), 348-357. https://doi:10.1177/09731342231156498
3. Brackenridge, C. (1998). Healthy sport for healthy girls? The role of parents in preventing sexual abuse in sport. Sport, Education and Society, 3(1), 59-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357332980030104
4. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak-Kılıç, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., and Demirel, F. (2013). Scientific research methods. Ankara: Pegem Academy.
5. Côté, J. (1999). The influence of the family in the development of talent in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 13(4), 395-417. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.13.4.395
6. Creswell, J. W. (2017). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
7. Çetin, E., & Közleme, İ. H. (2018). A General evaluation of child abuse in sport. Batman University Journal of Sciences, 8(2/1), 80-90. https://izlik.org/JA44ZB82DA
8. Dallar Bilge.Y., Taşar, M. A., Kılınçoğlu, B., Özmen, S., & Tıraş, Ü. (2013). Socioeconomic status lower levels of parental knowledge about child abuse, neglect, experiences and discipline methods used. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 14:27-35. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302724.1544

9. Eliasson, I. (2025). Emotional abuse and culture of silence in children's sports: Parents' role and experiences [Research project]. Umeå University.
10. Gao, Z., Chee, C. S., Norjali Wazir, M. R. W., Wang, J., Zheng, X., & Wang, T. (2024). The role of parents in the motivation of young athletes: a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1291711. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1291711
11. Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. The Lancet, 373(9657), 68-81.
12. Güldeste, A. (2018). Evaluation of child sexual abuse in media (a sociologiical view of the haberturk newspaper on the media). Journal of International Social Research, 11(55). https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.20185537222
13. Güler, D., & Tuncel, S. (2024). Development of the child abuse awareness scale in sports: validity and reliability study. Spormetre: Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 22(4), 184-197. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1531450
14. Güler, D., Güler, Y., Cengiz, C., Tuncel, S., & Karayiğit, R. (2024). Investigating Child Abuse in Sports: An Ecological Systems Perspective. Children, 11(12), 1487.
15. Güler, Y., & Güler, D. (2024). Child abuse in schools from the perspective of physical education and sports teachers. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 12(2), 164-179. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11121487
16. Hammad, M. A., Al-Otaibi, M. N., & Awed, H. S. (2024). Child maltreatment among deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescent students: associations with depression and anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1287741. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1287741
17. Hamzaoğlu, N., & Özel, H. (2024). Determining parents' abuse awareness levels and abuse education needs. International Anatolian Journal of Social Sciences, 8(3), 609-621. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.1502010 Jones, D. (2024). Impact of team sports participation on social skills development in youth. American Journal of Recreation and Sports, 3(2), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.47672/ajrs.2400 Karasar, N. (2011). Scientific research methods (22nd ed.). Nobel Publishing.
18. Kerr, G. A., & Stirling, A. E. (2012). Parents’ reflections on their child’s experiences of emotionally abusive coaching practices. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 24(2), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2011.608413
19. Kerr, G., Stirling, A., & MacPherson, E. (2014). A critical examination of child protection initiatives in sport contexts. Social Sciences, 3(4), 742-757. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci3040742
20. Küçük, V., Rodopman Arman, A., & Bozkurt, S. (2016). The Awareness Levels of the Families of Sportsmen of Child Protection in Sports. Marmara University Journal of Sport Sciences, 1(2), 71-82. https://doi.org/10.22396/sbd.2017.17
21. Lindstrom Bremer, K. (2012). Parental involvement, pressure, and support in youth sport: A narrative literature review. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 4(3), 235-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2589.2012.00129.x
22. MacAuley D. (1996). Child abuse in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(4), 275–276. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.30.4.275-a
23. Parasız, Ö., Şahin, M. Y., & Çelik, A. (2015). Child Protection Program Implementations in Sport Management. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS). https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS328
24. Parent, S., & Demers, G. (2011). Sexual abuse in sport: A model to prevent and protect athletes. Child Abuse Review, 20(2), 120-133. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1135
25. Persdotter, B., Landstedt, E., & Hellfeldt, K. (2024). Detection of children at risk of maltreatment: longitudinal understanding of teachers’ concern for children’s home situation in Sweden. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 32(2), 266-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2023.2248428
26. Saiz-González, P., Coto-Lousas, J., Iglesias, D., & Fernandez-Rio, J. (2025). Understanding parents’ views on physical education and physical activity: implications to avoid negative experiences. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 96(5), 44-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2025.2463907
27. Shiakou, M., Alexopoulos, A., Avgerinos, A., Douka, S., Tsiatsos, T., Huenig, C., ... & de Murga, M. (2025). Sustainability of policies addressing harassment and abuse in children's sports: A descriptive and cross-national account of five European countries. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 01937235251335648. https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235251335648
28. Şenol, F. (2022). Examining the awareness of parents with preschool children on child neglect and abuse and their knowledge on the effects of abuse. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 21(82). https://doi.10.17755/esosder.1015552
29. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Experimental designs using ANOVA (Vol. 724). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole.
30. Turhal, S. N., Şahin, M. Y., & Parasız, Ö. (2023). Child protection practices in sport in the United States. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Sciences, 6(Special Issue: 100th Anniversary of the Republic), 1147–1164. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1375034
31. Uğurlu, A. (2022). Gymnastics and child abuse: Female gymnasts’ experiences. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, 7(2), 400-416. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1150220
32. Yabe, Y., Hagiwara, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Momma, H., Tsuchiya, M., Kanazawa, K., ... & Nagatomi, R. (2021). Characteristics of parents who feel a lack of communication with coaches of youth sports. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 253(3), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.253.191
33. Yıldız, G., & Ceyhan, D. (2025). Knowledge, awareness, attitudes and experiences of parents of dental patients regarding child abuse and neglect. BMC Oral Health, 25(1), 305. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05647-6