Yüksek irtifanın farklı sıçrama performansları üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, orta seviye yüksekliğin squat ve aktif sıçrama performansları üzerine etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmaya Gazi Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu’nda öğrenim gören yaşları 22.2±1.7 yıl, boy ortalamaları 175.0±4.3 cm ve vücut ağırlıkları 71.0±10.4 kg olan 13 erkek öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan deneklerin sıçrama testleri aktif sıçrama (AS) ve squat sıçrama (SS) 1880 m ‘de Çankırı/Ilgaz Dağı’nda ve sonrasında 856 m’de Ankara’da Gazi Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu Laboratuvarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneklerin sıçrama performansı Bosco Test Aleti (Bosco Ergo Jump) ile ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen verilere SPSS 16.0 paket programında paired sample t-test uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda deneklerin 1880 m’de hem SS değerlerinde hem de AS değerlerinde p<0,05 düzeylerine göre anlamlı artışlar görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak orta seviye yükseklikte, aktif sıçrama ve squat sıçrama performanslarında artış tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Planlama, stratejik planlama, spor, üniversiteler, yönetim

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aktif sıçrama, anaerobik güç, squat sıçrama, yükseklik

THE EFFECT OF MODARATE ALTITUDE ON SQUAT AND COUNTER MOVEMENT JUMPING PERFORMANCE

Öz

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of moderate altitude on Squat and Counter Movement Jump. The study included thirteen sedentary male volunteers in Gazi University School of Physical Education and Sport. The subjects had an age range 22.2±1.7 years, height of 175.0±4.3 cm and body weight 71.0±10.4 kg. Test data were obtained through Bosco Ergo Jump measurement equipment. Totally 2 measurements (counter movement and squat jumps) were done during study, the first one of which was in Ilgaz/Çankırı (1880m), the second in Ankara (856m) Laboratory of Gazi University. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 16.0 paired simple t-test matched pairs test between the 856m and 1880m. According to the results, a paired sample t-test was used in comparisons between the groups. A significance level of p < .05 was used in analysis. The results of this study, there was significant difference between the two different measurements. Squat and counter movement jumps performances are increase the moderate altitude

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Counter movement jump , anaerobic power, squat jump, altitude

Kaynakça

1. Adams GM (1998): Exercise physiology laboratory manual. 3rd ed. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
2. Akgün N (1986): Egzersiz fizyolojisi. Ege Üniversi- tesi Yayınları, İzmir, 27-30.
3. Al-Hazza HM, Almuzaini, KS, Al-Refaee SA, Sulaiman MA, Al-Ghamadi A, Khuraiji KN (2001): Aerobic and anaerobic power characteristics of sa- udi elite soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine Physical Fitness, 1, 54-61.
4. Arpınar P, Nalçakan GR, Akhisaroğlu M, Kutlay E, Koşay C, Bediz CŞ (2003): Ritmik cimnastik sıçra- ma yükseklikleri, izokinetik kuvvet ve EMG profille- rinin karşılaştırılması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3, 104-113.
5. Baydil B (2005): Sedanter erkeklerde yüksek irtifa- da uygulanan yoğun interval antrenman programı- nın aerobik ve anaerobik kapasiteye etkisi. Kasta- monu Eğitim Dergisi, 2, 655-662.
6. Benncke J, Damsgaard R, Saekmose A, Jorgenson P, Jorgenson K, Klauen K (2002): Anaerobic power and muscle strength characteristics of 11 years old elite and non-elite boys and girls from gymnastics, team handball, tennis and swimming. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 12, 171- 178.
7. Bouchard C, Taylor AW, Simaneau J, Dulac S (1991): "Testing anaerobic power and capacity, “physiological testing of the high performance ath- lete" (Ed L. MacDouall H A, Wenger HG). Human Kinetics Books, Champaign IL, 175-221.
8. Chu DA (1992): Jumping into plyometrics. Prentice Hall Pub, London.

9. Coudert J (1995): Anaerobic performance at altitu- de. International Journal of Sports and Medicine, 1, 82-85.
10. Friedmann B, Frese F, Menold E, Baartsch B (2007): Effects of acute moderate hypoxia on anae- robic capacity in endurance-trained runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 101,67–73
11. Gökdemir K (1999): Yükseltide akut fizyolojik değişiklikler. Spor Hekimliği Kongresi, Antalya.
12. Günay M (1999): Spor fizyolojisi. Bağırgan Yayı- nevi. 2. baskı, Ankara.
13. Hanel B, Clifford PS, Secher NH (1994): Restricted postexercise pulmonary diffusion capacity does not impair maximal transport forO2. Journal of App- lied Physiology Published, 5, 2408-2412.
14. Inbar O, Bar-Or O, Skınneh JS (2001): The winga- te anaerobic test. J. Strength Cond. Res, 15, 39.
15. Kalinski MI, Norkowski H, Kerner MS, Tkaczuk WG (2002): Anaerobic power characteristics of eli- te athletes in national level team-sport games. Eu- ropean Journal of Sport Science, 3, 1-14.
16. Kayser B, Narici M, Milesi S, Grassi B (1993): Body compition and max alactin anaerobic perfor- mance during a one mont stay at higt altitude, Maximum lactic capacity at altitude: effect of bi- carbonate loading. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 1070-1074.
17. Kin A (2000): Plyometrik Antrenman. Futbol Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 7, 27, Ankara.
18. Konter E (1997): Futbolda süratin teori ve pratiği. Bağırgan Yayınevi, Ankara, 87-103.
19. Koşar N, Kin-İşler A (2004): Üniversite öğrencile- rinin wingate anaerobik performans profili ve cin- siyet farklılıkları. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15, 25-38.
20. Kutlu M, Gür E, Karahüseyinoğlu MF, Kamanlı A (2001): Pliometrik antrenmanın genç futbolcuların anaerobik işlerine etkisi. Gazi Bed. Eğt. ve Spor Bil. Dergisi, 6, 37-43.
21. Mc Lellan TM, Kavanagh MF, Jacobs I (1990): The effect of hypoxia on performance during 30 s or 45 s of supramaximal exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol, 60, 155–161.
22. Mikkola J, Laaksonen M, Holmberg HC, Vesteri- nen V, Nummela A (2000): Determinants of a si- mulated cross-country skiing sprint competition using v2 skating technique on roller skis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 4, 920-928.
23. Ogura Y, Katamoto S, Uchimaru J, Takahashi K, Naito H (2006): Effects of low and high levels of moderate hypoxia on anaerobic energy release du- ring supramaximal cycle exercise. Eur J Appl Phy- siol, 98, 41–47.
24. Poosuke M, Ereline J, Gapeyava H (2001): Hevent. Knee extention strenght and vertical jumping per- formance in hordic combined athletes. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 41, 354-361
25. Potteiger JA, Smith DL, Maier ML, Foster TS (2010): Relationship between body composition, leg strength, anaerobic power, and on-ice skating per- formance in division I men's hockey athlete. J. Strength. Cond. Res., 24, 1755-62.
26. Powers SK, Howley ET (1996): Exercise physio- logy: theory and application to fitness and perfor- mance. 3 ed. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
27. Robergs RA, Quintana R (1997): Gender specific decrement in vo2 max with increasing hypobaric hypoxia. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exer- cise, 29, 777.
28. Sands WA, McNeal JR, Ochi MT, Urbanek TL, Jemni M, Stone MH (2004): Comparison of the wingate and bosco anaerobic test. Journal of Strenght and Conditioning, 7, 810-814.
29. Stenaicker JM (1996): Lung diffusion capacity, oxygen uptake, cardiac output and oxygen transport during exercise before and after on Himalayan expedition. European Journal of Applied Phsiology, 74(1-2), 187-193.
30. Terrados N (1992): Altitude training and muscular metabolism. Int J Sports Med, 13, 206-209.
31. Tsaklis P (2002): Isokinetic evaluation of the knee extensors and flexors anaerobic capacity. Isokinetic and Exercise Science, 10, 69-72.
32. Vardar SA, Tezel S, Öztürk L, Kaya O (2007): The relationship between body composition and anae- robic performance of elite young wrestlers. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6, 34-38.
33. Vescovi JD, Canavan PK, Hasson S (2008): Effects of a plyometric program on vertical landing force and jumping performance in college women. Phys Ther. Sport. Nov, 9, 185-92.
34. Weyand PG, Lee CS, Martinez-Ruiz R, Bundle MW, Bellizzi M J,Wright S (1999): High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hy- poxic reductions in aerobic power. J Appl Physiol, 86, 2059–2064.