Motor beceri öğreniminde kas Ko-aktivasyon ve rekürrent inhibisyon aktivitesinin fonksiyonel önemi

Yıl 2014, , 51 - 57, 01.04.2014

Deniz Şimşek Hayri Ertan

https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000253

Öz

Merkezi sinir sisteminin hareket mekanizmalarından biri olan kas ko-aktivasyonu, bir eklem etrafındaki iki ya da daha fazla kasın eş zamanlı aktivasyonu ile karakterize edilmektedir. Gerçekleştirilen araştırmalarda, kas koaktivasyon düzeyinin sporcuların beceri düzeyine göre farklılaştığı ifade edilmektedir. Ayrıca, belli beceri düzeyine sahip sporcular kendi spor disiplinlerine özgü düşük seviyeli kassal ko-aktivasyonu içeren, spesifik kas aktivasyon kalıbı (pattern) sergilemektedirler. Elit sporcuların, orta düzey ve başlangıç düzeyindeki sporculardan farklı aktivasyongevşeme ve\veya da ko-aktivasyon stratejisine sahip oldukları gerçekleştirilen araştırmalarla ortaya koyulmuştur. Elit sporcularda ortaya çıkan bu farklı kassal aktivasyon stratejisi, spesifik hareket kalıbının öğrenilmesi ile spinal ve supraspinal düzeylerde meydana gelen değişimlerin sonucudur. Spesifik hareket kalıbının öğrenilmesi, Rekürrent aktivite (antrenman, günlük aktiviteler) ile gerçekleşmekte ve kas ko-aktivasyonunda azalmaya neden olmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, rekürrent inhibisyon ve ko-aktivasyon motor kontrol biçimlerinin spor performansı açısından fonksiyonel önemini tartışmaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kas aktivasyonu, Refleks, Spor Performansı

FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MUSCLE CO-ACTIVATION AND RECURRENT INHIBITION ACTIVITY AT MOTOR SKILL LEARNING

Öz

Muscle co-activation which is one of the central nervous system’s action mechanisms is a phenomenon characterised by simultaneous activation of two or more muscles around a joint. Previous studies have reported that muscle co-activation levels could be different in athletes of different skill levels. In addition, skilled athletes should show a specific muscle activation pattern with a low level of co-activation of muscles which are typically involved in their discipline. Recent research suggests that high-level athletes (elite) have a different activation-relaxation and/or co-activation strategies than those of beginner and intermediate level athletes. Skilled athletes should show a different muscular-activation strategy, which is the result of changes in the spinal and supraspinal levels by mastering a specific movement pattern. Recurrent activity help acquire a specific movement pattern and causes a decrease in muscle co-activation. The purpose of the review is to discuss the functional significance of recurrent inhibition and co-activation modes of motor control on sporting performance

Anahtar Kelimeler

Muscle Activation, Reflex, Sports Performance.

Kaynakça

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