A GENERAL EVALUATION ON ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE AND YO-YO INTERMITTENT RECOVERY TESTS

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to conduct a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery (Yo-Yo IR) test and give a general evaluation of it on athletic performance. To measure the physiological characteristics of players and physical demands of the game played, there are many research methods widely used by trainers and academics of sports sciences, and applied in both laboratory and field environment in accordance with the nature of the sport. While some of these methods involve continuous exercises, some are intermittent. Intermittent sports are defined as sports which implement different types of exercise such as sprinting, walking or stopping of athletes continuously whose intensity changes during a competition. For this reason, Yo-Yo IR tests were developed as an intermittent field tests to measure the sport-specific endurance capacities of athletes who compete in intermittent sports. In these tests, athletes perform shuttle runs in which running speed is determined via auditory signals in a 2X20 m area. Between every shuttle run, players have a short recovery period by slowly walking or jogging and this short recovery period is an example of the exercise in a intermittent sport. It is possible to obtain information about endurance capacities of athletes in a short period of time using Yo-Yo IR tests. In addition, when compared with some laboratory tests ,which cannot be categorized as one of the intermittent sport such as continuous running, it has a high performance validity during a competition. When literature is reviewed, it can be seen that there are many studies dealing with the performance level, positional variability and seasonal performance changes of both female and male athletes in different sports . As a result, it can be suggested that Yo Yo tests are valid and accurate to determine the performance levels and differences among the players playing in different positions in a game along with the differences in physical capacity according to the periodical and seasonal changes

Keywords

• yo-yo ıntermittent recovery test, athletic performance

Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma testleri ve sportif performans üzerine genel bir değerlendirme

Öz

Bu çalışmada Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma (Yo-Yo AT) testleri ve sportif performans üzerine genel bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda literatür detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiş ve yapılan çalışmalarda elde edilen sonuçlar belirli alt başlıklar halinde kapsamlı olarak açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sporcuların fizyolojik özellikleri ve oynanan oyunun fiziksel gereksinimlerini ölçmek için hem laboratuar hem de sporun doğasına uygun olarak saha ortamında yapılan ve spor bilimciler ile birlikte antrenörler tarafından yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan birçok araştırma yöntemi bulunur. Bu yöntemlerin bazıları devamlı egzersizleri içerirken, bazıları aralıklıdır. Müsabaka esnasında yoğunluğun devamlı olarak değişerek sporcuların sprint, yürüme ya da durma gibi farklı egzersiz tipleri yaptığı sporlar aralıklı sporlar olarak tanımlanır. Bu nedenle aralıklı sporlarda mücadele eden oyuncuların spora özel dayanıklılık kapasitelerini ölçmek için aralıklı saha testi olarak Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma testleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu testlerde sporcular 2X20 metrelik bir alan içinde koşu hızının işitsel sinyal yoluyla belirlendiği mekik koşuları yapmaktadır. Her mekik koşusu arasında sporcuların yürüme ya da jog olarak yaptığı kısa bir toparlanma dönemi bulunur ve bu kısa toparlanma dönemi, aralıklı bir spordaki egzersiz örneğini yansıtır. Yo-Yo AT testleri kullanılarak kısa bir zaman diliminde sporcuların dayanıklılık kapasiteleri hakkında bilgi elde etmek mümkündür. Ayrıca aralıklı sporların doğasına uygun olmayan devamlı koşu gibi aktivite örneğinin yapıldığı laboratuar testleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, müsabaka anında daha yüksek performans geçerliliğine sahiptir. Literatüre bakıldığında farklı spor branşlarındaki hem kadın hem de erkek sporcuların mücadele seviyesine, pozisyonal farklılıklarına ve dönemsel performans değişikliklerine göre yapılan birçok araştırma görülebilir. Sonuç olarak; Yo-Yo AT testlerinin farklı spor branşlarında, mücadele seviyelerinde ve farklı oyun pozisyonlarında oynayan sporcular arasındaki farklılıklar ile birlikte fiziksel kapasitenin dönemsel ya da sezonsal değişiklikleri arasındaki farklılıkları belirlemede geçerli ve hassas bir test olduğu ileri sürülebilir. Anathar Kelimeler: yo-yo aralıklı toparlanma testi, sportif performans

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yo-yo aralıklı toparlanma testi, sportif performans

Kaynakça

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