SPOR BİLİMLERİNDE ELEKTROMİYOGRAFİ KULLANIMI

Öz

Yüzeyel elektromiyografi (sEMG), uzun yıllar boyunca laboratuar araştırmalarında kullanılan bir araç olarak karşımıza çıkmasına rağmen, elektrik, elektronik, bilgisayar ve biyomedikal alanlarda teknolojinin de gelişmesiyle birlikte kinesiyoloji, rehabilitasyon, spor tıbbı, spor bilimleri ve birçok spor branşında farklı amaçlarla kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. EMG uygulamaları sonucunda elde edilen veriler; merkezi kontrol stratejileri, sinir hücreleri boyunca olan sinyalin sinir kas kavşağına transferi, motor ünitede kas hücrelerinin elektriksel aktivasyonu, karmaşık biyomekaniksel olaylar zinciri, agonist ve antagonist kas tendonları üzerine etki eden ve kemiklere taşınan baskının üretimi hakkında bilgi edinilmesini sağlar. Spor bilimlerinde kassal aktivasyonun değerlendirildiği elektromiyografi uygulamaları ise, teknik gelişimin değerlendirilmesi, uygun antrenman programlarının oluşturulması, sporcunun gelişiminin takip edilmesi, yetenek seçimi amaçlarıyla kullanılabilmektedir Yüzeyel EMG spor bilimlerinde tek başına ölçüm aracı olarak kullanıldığı gibi, görüntü analizi, kuvvet platformu, izokinetik dinamometre vb. cihazlardan alınan bilgileri destekleyici unsur olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Bu bilgiler doğrultusunda antrenör ve spor bilimciler farklı antrenman yaklaşımlarını ortaya koyabilirler

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yüzeyel EMG, Sinyal analizi, Spor bilimleri, Kas kasılması

USE OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY IN SPORT SCIENCE

Abstract

Even though surface electromyography (sEMG) is used as a tool in laboratory research for many years, it is started to used in kinesiology, rehabilitation, sports medicine, sports science and many branches of sport in the different purposes with the development of electrical, electronic, computer and biomedical areas of technology. The gathered data after EMG application provides information about; central control strategies, signal transmission along nerve fibers and across neuromuscular junctions, electrical activation of the muscle fibers organized in elementary motors and, through a chain of complex biochemical events, the production of forces acting on the tendons of the agonist and/or antagonist muscles and moving the bones. The EMG applications which muscular activation evaluated in sport sciences, is used for the aim of evaluation of the technical development, creating appropriate training programs, following improvement of athletes and talent identification. As surface EMG can be used individual measurement tool, it is used as supporting elements of the information that is gathered from image analyses, force plate, isokinetic dynamometer, etc. In line with this information, trainers and sport sciences can reveal different training approaches

Keywords

• Surface EMG, Signal analyses, Sport sciences, Muscular contraction

Kaynakça

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