SPORDA BEYİN SARSINTISININ (CONCUSSION) ETKİLERİ: SİSTEMATİK DERLEME

Öz

Amerikan futbolu, ragbi, boks, kick boks (K1) ve bu sporlara benzer temas sporlarında, beyin sarsıntısı riski darbeler ve çarpışmalardan dolayı çok fazla görülmektedir. Oluşan beyin sarsıntıları, taşıdığı riskler ve tedavi yöntemleriyle ilgili bilgiler sınırlıdır. Araştırmanın amacı, beyin sarsıntısının nedenleri-sonuçları, bazı sporlardaki etkileri ve sakatlanma oranlarını inceleyip, yapılan araştırmalarla ilgili derleme sunabilmektir. Çalışmada, PubMed, Google Scholar, Ankara ve Kırıkkale Üniversitesi veri tabanları, Ebscohost veri tabanı kullanılarak; ‘’concussion’’ ya da ‘’concussion syndrome’’, ‘’American football’’ ya da ‘’American football and concussion’’, ‘’Ragbi’’ ya da ‘’Ragbi and concussion’’, ‘’ kick boks’’ ya da ‘’kick boks and concussion’’, ya da ‘’boks’’ ya da ‘’boks and concussion’’ birincil arama terimleri ile tarama yapılmıştır. Tanımlanan literatürün referans listeleri de incelenmiş; çalışmalar, dahil etme kriterlerini doğrulamak için eleştirel analiz ve ön yargı değerlendirilmesinden sonra ayrıntılı olarak gözden geçirilmiştir. Çalışmalar, saha performansı ve oyuna dönüş, fiziksel fonksiyon, bilişsel bozukluk, hafıza bozukluğu, reaksiyon zamanı, testler ve tedaviler başlıkları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Saha performansı ve oyuna dönüş çalışmalarında, sarsıntı geçiren oyuncuların çoğunun sarsıntıdan kurtulduğu ve farklı sürelerde de olsa oyuna geri dönüş yaptığı; fiziksel fonksiyon ile ilgili çalışmalarda sarsıntı ile fiziksel işlevsellik arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu; bilişsel bozukluk çalışmalarında sarsıntı geçiren kişilerde bilişsel bozukluk ve depresyon olduğu görülmüştür. Hafıza bozukluğu ve reaksiyon zamanı ile sarsıntı arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Yapılan testler ve tedaviler sonrasında ise vestibuler sistemde düzelme, beyin kan akışı ve hacminde düzelme, bilişsel puanlar ve motor becerilerde artış ve semptomlarda azalma görülmüştür. Beyin sarsıntısı riskinin yer aldığı tüm spor branşlarında, sporcu ve antrenörlerin sarsıntıya bağlı riskleri göz önünde bulundurmaları gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spor ve Beyin Sarsıntısı
• Fiziksel Fonksiyon
• Saha Performansı
• Reaksiyon Zamanı
• Bilişsel Bozukluk
• Hafıza Bozukluğu

EFFECTS OF CONCUSSION IN SPORTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Öz

In American football, rugby, boxing, kickboxing (K1) and contact sports similar to these sports, the risk of concussion is high due to blows and collisions. There is limited information about the concussions that occur, the risks and treatment methods. The aim of the study is to examine the causes and consequences of concussion, the effects in some sports and the rates of injury, and to present a review about the researches. In the study, using PubMed, Google Scholar, Ankara and Kırıkkale University databases, Ebscohost database; ''concussion'', or ''concussion syndrome'', ''American football'', or'' American football and concussion'', ''Rugby'', or ''Rugby and concussion'', ''kick boxing'', or ''kick boxing and concussion'', or ''boxing'', or ''boxing and concussion'' have been searched with primary search terms. Reference lists of the defined literature were also examined; the studies were thoroughly reviewed after critical analysis and bias assessment to validate the inclusion criteria. The studies were evaluated under the headings of field performance and return to play, physical function, cognitive impairment, memory impairment, reaction time, tests and treatments. During the field performance and return to the game, most of the players who had a shock survived and returned to the game at different times; that there are significant relationships between shaking and physical functionality in studies on physical function; in cognitive impairment studies, cognitive impairment and depression were found in people with concussion. Significant relationships were found between memory impairment, reaction time and shaking. After the tests and treatments performed, improvement in the vestibular system, improvement in cerebral blood flow and volume, increase in cognitive scores and motor skills and decrease in symptoms were observed. In all sports branches where there is a risk of concussion, athletes and trainers should consider the risks associated with concussion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sports and Concussion
• Physical Function
• Field Performance
• Reaction Time
• Cognitive Impairment
• Memory Impairment

Kaynakça

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